Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2014

Pearson Edexcel International

Advanced Level
in Physics (WPH02)
Paper 01 Physics at Work

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Summer 2014
Publications Code IA039738
All the material in this publication is copyright
Pearson Education Ltd 2014

General Marking Guidance

All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded
for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for
omissions.
Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should
be used appropriately.
All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer
matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award
zero marks if the candidates response is not worthy of credit according to
the mark scheme.
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidates response, the team leader must be consulted.
Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it
with an alternative response.

Mark Scheme Notes

Underlying principle
The mark scheme will clearly indicate the concept that is being rewarded, backed
up by examples. It is not a set of model answers.
For example:
(iii)

Horizontal force of hinge on table top

66.3 (N) or 66 (N) and correct indication of direction [no ue]
[Some examples of direction: acting from right (to left) / to the
left / West / opposite direction to horizontal. May show direction
by arrow. Do not accept a minus sign in front of number as
direction.]

This has a clear statement of the principle for awarding the mark, supported by
some examples illustrating acceptable boundaries.
1. Mark scheme format
1.1 You will not see wtte (words to that effect). Alternative correct wording
should be credited in every answer unless the ms has specified specific
words that must be present. Such words will be indicated by underlining
e.g. resonance
1.2 Bold lower case will be used for emphasis.
1.3 Round brackets ( ) indicate words that are not essential e.g. (hence)
distance is increased.
1.4 Square brackets [ ] indicate advice to examiners or examples e.g. [Do not
accept gravity] [ecf].
2. Unit error penalties
2.1 A separate mark is not usually given for a unit but a missing or incorrect
unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark will not be awarded.
2.2 Incorrect use of case e.g. Watt or w will not be penalised.
2.3 There will be no unit penalty applied in show that questions or in any
other question where the units to be used have been given, for example in
a spreadsheet.
2.4 The same missing or incorrect unit will not be penalised more than once
within one question (one clip in epen).
2.5 Occasionally, it may be decided not to penalise a missing or incorrect unit
e.g. the candidate may be calculating the gradient of a graph, resulting in a
unit that is not one that should be known and is complex.
2.6 The mark scheme will indicate if no unit error penalty is to be applied by
means of [no ue].
3. Significant figures
3.1 Use of an inappropriate number of significant figures in the theory papers
will normally only be penalised in show that questions where use of too
few significant figures has resulted in the candidate not demonstrating the
validity of the given answer.

3.2

The use of g = 10 m s-2 or 10 N kg-1 instead of 9.81 m s-2 or 9.81 N kg-1

will be penalised by one mark (but not more than once per clip). Accept 9.8
m s-2 or 9.8 N kg-1

4. Calculations
4.1 Bald (i.e. no working shown) correct answers score full marks unless in a
show that question.
4.2 If a show that question is worth 2 marks then both marks will be available
for a reverse working; if it is worth 3 marks then only 2 will be available.
4.3 use of the formula means that the candidate demonstrates substitution of
physically correct values, although there may be conversion errors e.g.
power of 10 error.
4.4 recall of the correct formula will be awarded when the formula is seen or
implied by substitution.
4.5 The mark scheme will show a correctly worked answer for illustration only.
4.6 Example of mark scheme for a calculation:
Show that calculation of weight
Use of L W H

Substitution into density equation with a volume and density

Correct answer [49.4 (N)] to at least 3 sig fig. [No ue]

[If 5040 g rounded to 5000 g or 5 kg, do not give 3rd mark; if
conversion to kg is omitted and then answer fudged, do not give
3rd mark]
[Bald answer scores 0, reverse calculation 2/3]

Example of answer:
80 cm 50 cm 1.8 cm = 7200 cm3
7200 cm3 0.70 g cm-3 = 5040 g
5040 10-3 kg 9.81 N/kg
= 49.4 N
5. Quality of Written Communication
5.1 Indicated by QoWC in mark scheme. QWC Work must be clear and
organised in a logical manner using technical wording where appropriate.
5.2 Usually it is part of a max mark, the final mark not being awarded unless
the QoWC condition has been satisfied.
6. Graphs
6.1 A mark given for axes requires both axes to be labelled with quantities and
units, and drawn the correct way round.
6.2 Sometimes a separate mark will be given for units or for each axis if the
units are complex. This will be indicated on the mark scheme.

A mark given for choosing a scale requires that the chosen scale allows all
points to be plotted, spreads plotted points over more than half of each
axis and is not an awkward scale e.g. multiples of 3, 7 etc.
6.4 Points should be plotted to within 1 mm.
Check the two points furthest from the best line. If both OK award
mark.
If either is 2 mm out do not award mark.
If both are 1 mm out do not award mark.
If either is 1 mm out then check another two and award mark if both
of these OK, otherwise no mark.
For a line mark there must be a thin continuous line which is the best-fit line for
the candidates results.
6.3

Question
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Question
Number
11

Answer

Mark

D
A
B
D
B
B
C
B
B
C

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Answer

Mark

(Laser) produces polarised light

(1)

The idea that light transmitted when in same plane/direction as

plane/direction of polarisation of filter

(1)

The idea that light not transmitted when plane/direction at 90 to

plane/direction of polarisation of filter

(1)

Total for Question 11

Question
Number
12(a)

*(12b)

3
3

Answer

Mark

Oscillations/vibrations of (air) particles/molecules/atoms

(1)

Oscillations/vibrations/displacement parallel to direction of

propagation
Or Oscillations/vibrations/displacement parallel to direction of
energy transfer

(1)

(Producing) compressions and rarefactions Or regions of high and

low pressure Or it is a longitudinal wave

(1)

(QWC- Work must be clear and organised in a logical manner using

technical wording where appropriate.)
Towards increased/higher frequency

(1)

Away decreased/lower frequency

(1)

Towards wave(front)s get closer together Or Towards wavelength

decreases
Or Away wave(front)s further apart Or Away wavelength
increases

(1)

Reference to inverse relationship between f and Or closer more

wave(front)s per second
(4th mark dependent on 3rd mark)
Total for Question 12

(1)

4
7

Question
Number
13

Answer
Max 3
Cathode rays were considered to be waves
(Thomson showed them to be particles)
The idea that diffraction occurs for waves (may award for description
of diffraction in terms of waves)
Therefore electrons have wave nature (may award for description of
electrons in terms of waves)
Electrons show wave-particle duality
(Statement that electrons have both wave and particle nature gains
MP3 and MP4)
1 mark
This demonstrates how ideas changed in the light of
evidence/experiments/observations

Mark

(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
4
4

Total for Question 13

Question
Number
14(a)

*14(b)

Answer
Correct use of 1.6 10-19 to convert eV to J
Use of E = hf (with energy in eV or J)
f = 5.8 1014 Hz

Mark
(1)
(1)
(1)

Example of calculation
E = 2.42 1.6 10-19 = 3.87 10-19 J
f = 2.42 1.6 10-19 J / 6.63 10-34 Js
f = 5.84 1014 Hz
(QWC- Work must be clear and organised in a logical manner using
technical wording where appropriate.)
Thin to give small cross-sectional area

(1)

Small area produces high resistance because R=l/A or R 1/A

Or Thin so high resistance because R=l/A or R 1/A

(1)

Long produces high resistance because R=l/A or R l

Total for Question 14

(1)

3
6

Question
Number
15(a)

15(b)

Answer

Mark

Use of P = IV
Use of Power = intensity area
Use of efficiency = useful output / total input
Efficiency = 0.37 or 37%

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

Example of calculation
P in = 0.14 A 3.1 V = 0.43 W
P out = 1.45 W m2 0.11 m2 = 0.16 W
Efficiency = 0.16 / 0.43 = 0.37 or 37%
Can be logged over a longer time period than a person could do

(1)

Can take different readings simultaneously

Or Avoids timing errors
Or Can take readings automatically

(1)

Idea that data logger stores/processes the results

(1)

Total for Question 15

3
7

Question
Answer
Number
Measurements i = 50 to 52, r = 34 to 36
16(a)
Use of refractive index = sin i / sin r
refractive index = 1.3 to 1.4

Mark
(1)
(1)
(1)

Example of calculation
refractive index = sin 52 / sin 36
refractive index = 1.34
16(b)
Use of = v 1 / v 2
Use of = 1/sin c
c = 64 ()
[Reverse argument scores max 2]

16(c)

Example of calculation
= 2.22 108 m s1 / 2.00 108 m s1
sin c = 1 / 1.11
c = 64.3
Empty total internal reflection at first surface
Empty total internal at second surface and ray parallel to first ray
Full shows refraction
Full refraction is correct by eye

Total for Question 16

(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

10

Question
Number
17(a)(i)

Answer

Mark

Use of v = s/t

(1)

Determine distance to an object when the return time is 5 104 s

(0.083 m)
Or determine time for pulse to return when distance to object is 0.01
m (6.1 104 s)
Or
Determine total distance travelled by pulse when the return time is 5
104 s (0.16 m) and compare to 20 cm
Or determine time for pulse to return when distance travelled is 0.01
m (3.0 104 s) and compare to 2.5 104 s

(1)

Appropriate comment on suitability,

e.g. detectable distance less than distance required, so suitable
Or pulse shorter than time required to travel the distance, so suitable

(1)

(Third mark is only awarded if second mark is awarded)

17(a)(ii)

17(b)

Example of calculation
s = 330 m s-1 5 104 s
s = 0.165 m
One way = 0.083 m
Or
t = 0.2 m / 330 m s1
t = 6.1 104 s
Ultrasound has shorter wavelength/period
Or Sound waves have longer wavelength/period
Or Sound waves could have wavelength of several metres
Or Shorter pulse possible with ultrasound

(1)

Ultrasound detects more detail than possible for sound

Or Ultrasound detects shorter distances than possible for sound
Or Sound would diffract (more) around obstacles

(1)

(Sound) reflected away from the sensor

Or (Sound) reflected into the ground

Total for Question 17

Question
Number
18(a)

Answer
If temperature is low the resistance of the thermistor is high
The ratio of pds is the ratio of resistances
So pd across the output/switch/AB will be high, switching on heater
When temperature is high, pd across the output/switch/AB will be
low, switching off heater
Or
If temperature is high the resistance of the thermistor is low
The ratio of pds is the ratio of resistances
So pd across the output/switch/AB will be low, switching off heater
When temperature is low, pd across the output/switch/AB will be
high, switching on heater

18(b)

Mark

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

Max 2
heater would never switch off Or it could only vary the heater
output

(1)

because resistance of thermistor would never be zero

(1)

so the output pd would never be zero Or it could only vary the

output pd

(1)

Total for Question 18

Question
Number
19(a)(i)

Answer
Photon quantum/packet of something relevant e.g. light, radiation,
any other named e-m radiation, energy
(quantum/packet) of electromagnetic energy/radiation/waves
(dependent mark)

19(a)(ii)

19(b)

19(c)(i)

19(c)(ii)

Mark

(1)
(1)

Work function - The minimum energy required to remove/emit/eject

an electron from the surface of the material

(1)

A photon is absorbed by the dust

And so an electron is emitted by the dust
Negative charge is lost, so the charge of the dust becomes positive

(1)
(1)
(1)

Use of E = hf
Use of c = f
= 3.03 10-7 m

(1)
(1)
(1)

Example of calculation
f = 6.56 1019 J / 6.63 1034 Js
f = 9.89 1014 Hz
= 3.00 108 m s1 / 9.89 1014 Hz
= 3.03 107 m
Longer wavelength (= lower frequency) = lower photon energy
Or photon energy is inversely proportional to wavelength
Or identifies need to exceed/equal threshold frequency (minimum
frequency required) and inverse relationship between frequency and
wavelength (longer wavelength = lower frequency)

(1)

So it is a maximum wavelength
(dependent on first mark)
Total for Question 19

(1)

2
11

Question
Number
20(a)

20(b)

Answer

Mark

Mechanism
T1 and T2 have a path difference
They superpose Or superposition occurs Or they interfere

(1)
(1)

Remain
For some wavelengths, the path difference = n ,
in phase, so there is constructive interference

(1)
(1)

Disappear
For some wavelengths, the path difference = (n + )
Antiphase (not just out of phase), so there is destructive interference

(1)
(1)

(A hydrogen atom) has discrete energy levels

(1)

Light emitted when electron moves to lower energy level

Or Light emitted when electron de-excited

(1)

difference in energy levels = photon energy

(1)

only certain differences (in levels) possible Or only certain photon

energies possible

(1)

Total for Question 20

4
10

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