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Definitions: Technical Information

Transformers work by electromagnetic induction to transform alternating voltages and currents into other alternating voltages and currents of the same frequency. There are different types of transformers such as autotransformers, separating transformers, isolating transformers, and instrument transformers. Safety isolating transformers are designed to supply safety extra-low voltage (SELV) or protective extra-low voltage (PELV) circuits. Transformers are also classified based on their insulation and safety features, such as Class I transformers which have basic insulation and an earthing terminal. Every transformer must have a rating plate indicating its rated values and what outputs it is designed for.

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45 views

Definitions: Technical Information

Transformers work by electromagnetic induction to transform alternating voltages and currents into other alternating voltages and currents of the same frequency. There are different types of transformers such as autotransformers, separating transformers, isolating transformers, and instrument transformers. Safety isolating transformers are designed to supply safety extra-low voltage (SELV) or protective extra-low voltage (PELV) circuits. Transformers are also classified based on their insulation and safety features, such as Class I transformers which have basic insulation and an earthing terminal. Every transformer must have a rating plate indicating its rated values and what outputs it is designed for.

Uploaded by

Sayed Hashem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Technical information

Definitions
Transformer:
A transformer is an apparatus with two or more
windings which transforms an alternating voltage
and current into another alternating voltage and
current with the same frequency by means of
electromagnetic induction. Its purpose is to
transmit electrical energy.
Autotransformer:
A transformer with a common winding in which
primary and secondary are not galvanically/
electrically separated.
Separating transformer:
A separating transformer is a transformer in
which the primary and secondary windings are
galvanically/electrically separated with basic
insulation.
Isolating transformer:
A separating transformer with a protective
partition between the primary and secondary
windings.
Safety isolating transformer:
A safety transformer is a separating transformer
which is designed to supply an SELV or PELV
circuit.
Instrument transformers:
Instrument transformers are intended to transform high currents or high voltages to available
values for standard electrical measuring
instruments and electrical protective devices.
SELV: [safety extra-low voltage]
A voltage which does not exceed 50 VAC or
120 V ripple-free DC between conductors or
between each conductor and earth in a circuit
which is isolated from the line voltage by a
safety transformer. - "Ripple-free" normally
means a RMS ripple voltage with not more than
10% of the DC component.

Class I transformer
A class I transformer is a transformer which
protects against electric shock not only by
means of basic insulation, but also by using an
extra safety device such as an earthing terminal,
i.e. in the event of a fault in the basic insulation,
the exposed parts will not become dangerously
live.
Class II transformer
A class II transformer is a transformer which
protects against electric shock, not only by
means of basic insulation but also using an extra
safety device such as double or reinforced
insulation. The transformer does not have to be
equipped with a protective earth connection.
Class III transformer
A class III transformer is a transformer which
protects against electric shock by means of a
SELV power supply, with no voltages higher
than SELV being generated (max. 50 VAC in
and max. 50 VAC out).
- The transformer does not have to be equipped
with a protective earth connection.
- Classification I, II or III has nothing to do with
the insulation between the primary and
secondary windings.

Transformer rating
Every transformer must have a plate showing its
rated values, the rating plate. The rated values
indicate what outputs the transformer is designed
for and also represent reference values for the
manufacturers warranties. The basic principle is
that the transformer should be rated as if it were
ideal, with account not normally being taken of
no-load current and voltage drops in the transformer, apart from in the case of lower powers.

SELV circuit:
An extra-low voltage circuit with a protective
partition from other circuits which does not
have or require anything in the way of earth
connection.
PELV circuit:
An extra-low voltage circuit with a protective
partition from other circuits which must have an
earth connection for functional reasons.
FELV circuit:
An extra-low voltage circuit which does not
meet SELV or PELV requirements for functional
reasons.

Rating plate on an 100 kVA 230/400 V enclosed Noratel transformer.

16-2
www.noratel.com

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