Answers

5 a x2 + 9x = 20 b y
Chapter 1
b x2 - 4x + 3 "v
Skills check A I/
c x + x- 20 2 v

1/
v
A
1 a y ,.
A

,.., F A
v
c Investigation - handshakes
a 6
t7
V-o,.,o
,., -R -R . X

I/
4

b Number
••
v
A
Number of
of people handshakes
- s -Q-11.0.. • X
2 1
c y
"
4

E 8
3
4
3
6
..
A

v
-a "
4 5 10 L
6 15
1-2
v
b A(O, 2), B(l, 0) , C(- 1, 0), 7 21 J
D(O, 0), E(2 , 1), F(-2, -2), 8 28 -11 - '.l - [) -h 0 v . X

G(3, -1), H(-1, 1) A J

9 36 - ,<.

17
2 a 34 b 82 10 45 J
c 16 d _ _!2 c y
60
3 a 4 b -2 c 10 <F) 45 d y
ro "v
4 a y
-o
35
c: "

-
A
ro
.....
1/ ..c. 25
,...
1-- j) .
0
I I ,., I
"-
.3 15
- J:·
A
E
:::1
J ,. z 5 8 -B - - :2 X
v
R -b r.O
'
X
- '
0
I 2 4 6 8 10 X
I"
v Number of people e Yes, vertical line will only
J d H = 1_ n(n- 1)
cross once.
2 f No, vertical lines such as
b
A
y
ExerciselA
=
x 3 are not functions.
.v
3 Not a function as a vertical
A
1 Functions: abf
'"' '"
2 a Function: domain {0 1 2
' ' '
3, 4} range {0, 1, 2}
line crosses the region in
many places
8
""' b Relation: domain {·- 1 0
v
""' ' '
1, 2, 3} range {-1 , 0 , 1, 2}
4
,.,
""' I":
A J

I
v

""- 3 Yes, function.

I
....
-2 - 1 0 ""' Exercise 18 I

c
1 abdfhi -l3 -Q - !P 11 ;/
'X

y y "
2 a
6
A
u
A
1/
'1\
I v
... v
v
A
f,-,
J
"L 4 =4-x 2 , y = +.J4 -x 2
\ 17 !/
b h 1'\. 1.. 0 ,/ X •
1'. l - v 8- - - 4 '
X
When x = 1, y = ± .fi. two
fL /
... possible values so not a
A

1/ "'
-o function.

Answers
Exercise lC b f X$ 4, y > 0
y
1 Horizontal asymptote: y = 0 y
10
2 Horizontal asymptote: y = 0 , 16-
Vertical asymptote: x = 0 • 8
14-
3 Horizontal asymptote: y- 0,
- -·
Vertical asymptote: x = - 1
12- L
4 Horizontal asymptote: y = 2, - 2
Vertical asymptote: x = -2 10- _,

5 Horizo n tal asymptote: y = 2, r-

X
Vertical asymptote: x = 1 8- -1- 100 80 60 40 20 0

6 Horizo nta l asymptote: y = 0,

r-
\ 4-
-
1/
Vertical asymptote : x = - 3

Exercise 10
- \ :-... /
v X
g xeJ.Rx;t; O,y elR y;t: O,
y
-4 -2 0 2 4 ,-
1 Function, domain {2, 3, 4, 5, c 1-
6 , 7 , 8, 9 , 10}, range {1 , 3, 6, y .

10, 15 , 21 , 28 , 36, 45}. 4

2
2 a domain {x:-4 < x < 4},
range {y: 0 $ y $ 4} 15 I 8 4 8 X

b domain {x:-1 < x < 5} , -4

range{y: 0 $ y $ 4} 10
.... -8
C domain{x ; - oo <X< oo},
range{y: 0 $ y < oo}
d domain{x:-oo < x < -2 a
<x< oo}, -j4 -2 0 X h X E JR , y > 0
range{y: - oo < y $ 34 $
y
y < 8} d X E JR, y E
y 8
e domain{x:-5 < x < 5}, 7-
range{y: -3 < y < 4} 6 f-
f domain {x:-oo < x < oo}, 5
range {y: - 1 < y < I } 4
5
g domain {x:-2 < x < 2}, 3
range{y: -2 < y < 2}
h domain {x: - oo < x < oo}, -2 -1 0 X

range {y: - oo < x < oo } X

•
-2 -1 0 1 2
I domain xe R , x ;t; 1, range
y e IR , y;t: 0 - 10

3 a xe IR ,ye lR i xe JR x;t:-2 , y elR y:;t;O,

-15
Y. y
e r
0-
y l 8- 1- 1-

8 10 - ..,.- ..,.....v t- 6-
- v - 4- -
8- / v - -

4 t--
v \ -
6 - v -t-- t- -8 2 6 X

4
-4-
2. t-6-
·- _Q

' ' ' '

'!0
0 20 40 60 80 100 X

Answers
 j XE JR X:# 2, y E JR y :# 1 5 a 125 2 a y

y
b The volume of a cube of 0 l /
/

1-B
side 5. /
.....
/
v
_Q
6 a
•
I --
1 .. 5
II 4
/'C"
.Jt
9 4
"
... l .....
v ,'
I
-
" Ill - - iv 0. R"'
,(j X

' 2 I I
/
"
"-
. .. ...
/ A

)o- b I -4 II - 11 Ill - 67 /
/

- 0 -..,.G. 10 20 X
. ,"
IV -697 v -6997 ,' A
4 •
c.
VI -6 9997
v

0 c T he value of g(x) is getting b y

increasingly smaller as x /
lo /
approaches 2. .....
I /

k XE JR x:t:. - 3,y E JR y:t:. -6 d 2 /

/

'I /
y e asymptote at x = 2. /
/-
/
/
v,' ,.€!
/

4 v
/
y R ........ il-
X

/
v
/
r ,1"\ v.
4
b 11 0 v X
P'
.....
':.-
/
18 r-....
v /
/

,lo
.....
/ /
/
I
8 '-- 0 A 0\ "
" 1 ') 1
&-
'x
;v
c y
l X E JR , 0 < y $ 2 ir.

i' \
/

y r-.... /

........ /

7 a - 9 ms- 1 b 7 ms- 1 ......... /

;; \ c 91 ms- 1
........ \ /
/

1' \ d 3s """"
••
v • /
\ ........... .........
"
/

f-"'
r-
•V .... 8 a /(2 + 2h) - /(2 + h) ,(j. ......... X
- kt
-5 -4 -3 -2 - 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
- X
h
-R
/
/
A
\ -
\
b /(3 + 2h) - /(3 + h) /
/
\
h
/
l"> \
,' i\
Exercise lE
• •• • •• 1 Exercise IF
1 a I 5 II -5 Ill -1-
2
•
IV - 2 v a- 2 1 a 12 b 3 c - 15 d y
• ' •• •• • 1
d 3x + 3 e f 16 ........ /
b I 21 II -9 Ill 1-
2
13 l"> ......... /

/
• •
IV 0 v 3a g -17 h 3x + 1 I 18 - /

• 7 .. - 3 ••• 1 • A, /
/
\
c I II - Ill - J 38 k 3x2 + 6 /
\
4 4 8 I /

1 l 9x2 + 2 m 12 n 18 /
/
I"-. /
/

•
IV 0 v - a
4 0 r+ 3 p x2 + 2x + 3 -R - IL
,(j
I"- X
. I /
I
d I 19
••
-1 • ••
6
/'
4 - --
.
IV 5
II
v 2a + 5
Ill 2 a 3 b 0 c - 12 /
/
v
d -1 e - 5 f 48 /
/'
8
Ill 2_!_
• •• • ••
e I 51 II 11 4 g 3 - 4x + x 2 h - 2x + x 2 /'
/

•
IV 2 v 2
a +2
3 a x 2 + 4x + 4 b 25
2 a a2b a2 + l Oa+ 21
- 4 e y
4 a 5x 2 + 5 b 25x 2 + 1 ....
c a2 - 2a - 3 d a4 - 4a 2 v

5 a x 2 - 8x + 19 b x 2 - 1
e 2 1 - lOa+ a2
c 2.5
.A
-r - / /_
, ;

3 a 2 b 11 c 2 / .-"'
1 6 (r os) (x) = x 2 - 4 , x E JR, y > - 4 v, ;
/
;

I
4 a -- l 'x
9 4 -B - 12,.::: [ 0 I 2 ' 4
... "'
b x = 6, denominator = 0 ExerciselG --- A

and h (x) undefined. 1 b,c

Answers
 f y Investigation - functions Exercise 11
1 Changing the constant term 1 a y
translates y = x along they-axis. 8....._- ...
y 6
-3 ;.2"1
.... -
Exercise lH
-4
1 a i -2 and 1 e x
--1--1-J
b y
ii _!_ and - 3
2 6
••• •
Ill X IV X

b They are inverses of each 2 Changing the x-coefficient

other. alters the gradient of the line.
y
x+ 1 b -4
2 a
3 -6
c 4(x - 5) d (x + 3)3
c y
e x+2
1
f Jx2 3 6

3x h Sx X
g l -x x+2
1
V: l I I dJ
3 a 1 -x b X C
X - 4 ' t -- --4
3 y = I x + hI is a translation of
4 a 1 b -5 c .!l - h a long the x-ax is
20
y d
S l +2x
Y·lx 31
x-r 7

6 a- c
y
8-

.,
-
'j
4- / -
/ .,r
- I
/ . ,.-
.-'-' I
•
I _,

,...-'
-J.- .-"' 0 2 4 X

L -4- I I

d /(x): IR, y > 0

XE
1
/ - (x): x > 0, y E R

7 g- 1(x) = r. The range of g(x)

is x 0 so the domain of
g - 1 (x) is x 0. The domain of
f(x) is x E R so g- 1 (x) "# f(x)

8 If f(x) = mx + c then X
-8 -6 4 2 4 6 8 X
f '(x)=l..x
m
-.£.
m
-2 -4
tn x ,!, =1 not -1 so not
perpendicular.
-3
I -6
-8

Answers
 g y b y Review exercise non-GDC
2
4 1 a 4a - 13 b ; x

2 2 a 2x2 - l 5x + 28

15 g b - 2x2 + 9
- 15 10 X

-4 f - 2 4 X 3 a 2x-17
3
b 23

4 f- 1(x) = - 5x- 5
2 g(x) =f(x) + 2
-4 y
h(x) =f(x)- 4 I'

1
q(x) = 2 f(x) c

4
y
' 4

3 q(x) = f(x + 4)- 2 .....

L
(11 - l)
'
s(x) = f(x + 4) '-'

t(x) = f(x - 2)
g
f -4 - 4 X
c.' A '
n
- ,... l \o
1-
X

4 a D omain -1 < x < 7, range

-4 < y < 6 -4
6 'W
y
8 d 5 a x- 5 b .il-2
3
6
6 a y

g 4\ rr _ 1)
\ '
' "
/

f - 2 4 X
-- 2 \
1--
/
/ "
/

')
:2 X
/"
2 \
b D omain - 3 ::; x::; 1, range /

I
\
-
1\
O<y<5 e y I"+ \
y 6
4 b y
A
4 g f 2 •
-3 I
-8 -4 -2 0 4 6 8 10 X
...
'1 / ......
,..'
/ ....
-4 _...,.,
_ 1
"'
/ . . . r. . . / f
-6 -4 -2 0 2 x 6 a Reflection in x-axis. I-,.
- .... ,11
1
v X

-2 b Horizontal translation 3 '1

"-
I
'>
units. '"'
c Vertical stretch SF2,
5 a y reflection x-axis, vertical 7 a D omain x E IR, y > 0

4
translation of 5 units. b Domain x E JR., x 3, *
7 a, b Rangey E JR , y 0 *
y
c
..., 8 a f(x)=2-l- 3x - 9 +2
f A I
g -4 2 4 X .... /r( () l 1( x- 5
b f(x) = - - 3- 1- 1 3
L 2- _L
(X) v 1
I
4 )

-4
I , 9 a Inverse function graph is
4- i -2 - l1 0 :2 3 X
the reflection in y = x.

Answers
 b y 3 Domain x E JR, x :;t:. - 2, range c (2.5, 0), (0, -2.5)
A
• yE JR, x:;t:. 0
7 a y
1- :2
/ y 6
1(3 0 . . . .P'
_ '> In ,..,.... X 12 4
lA" v
"\0 , --;: • J 10
8
IA
• 6
4 3 X
10 a -2 b -13
2
c J -'cx)=vx 2 3 -4
-2 -t20 1 2 X

lla y -4 -6
I'
10
,J
-6
A
-8 b X= +Ji
1\ ""
\
2 4 a y
8 a 1x +3
1\
\ v "X
8
b y
-B -Q -1 0 ,.J
,...
b P is (4, 1) 2
jV

4
12 a (jog) (x) = 3x + 6 2
-3 -2 1 -20 1 X
,,.,
b j -l (x) = x g- 1(x) = x - 2 -4
I'

3
-6
v
jl(J2) = 1: = 4 -8
111/ h 0

J
'
'X

g- 1(12) = 12 - 2 = 10 b x-intercept -1.5, v.

j- l (12) + g-l (12) = 4 + 10 y-intercept 3.
1 1
c 1.67
/- (12) + g- (12) = 14 5 a y
3(2x-l)
13 a (hog)(x) = (2x-1)-2 9 y
6
·8
_ 6x-3 4
- X -1
2x - 3 ,v

b x= -
l 7
17
2 j = - \
-- "'- - -- 1-- -- ,.
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 X p - f:l -B - 0 X
Review exercise GDC
I f'\
LV

1 Domain: x > -2, range: y > 0 b 0

2 Domain: x E JR, range: y > -4 c Domain x E JR, x :;t:. lR,
rangey > 0 lOa f -'(x)= x +2
y
3
16 6 a x = -2, y = 2
b (g - 1o/) (x) = (3x - 2) + 3
14
b y = 3x + 1
12
6
10 C ( / -' 0 g) =(x - +2 =x 1
3
8 2
6 8 x - 1 =3x+1
4 3
4 x -1 = 3(3x + 1)
2 f x-1=9x+3
4 X - 12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 X 8x=-4
- 4 -3 -2 - 0
-4 1
x=--
2

Answers
 d y Exercise 28 Exercise 2E
....
I '"> '
I 1 a -5, 4 - 9 + JI93
I
1-
1
8
0
I
b -2
' 3
I
I
I
\ 3 2 - 2 -4
I '--. c -- '3
-y-- "v 4
.;._
- -..,- -- ,_ .;. -- -- 2
1
............_
:x - 3 3 - 1 --
d - 2 25 ' 5
6 -4 - \ I
I
X ' 2
I 4 3± J5
A
I e -9, 4
5 no solution
1
e x = 3, y = 3 f -- 1
4' - 5+2.Jl0
6
2 -3 or 4 3
2 3± .f0
3 - or 3 7
Chapter 2 5 4

Skills check Investigation - perfect 9 ±-Jli3

8
square trinomials 4
1 a a= 6
1 -5 - 9 + Jl29
b X =+JS 9 x=
4
c n = -11 2 -3
2 a 2k(k - 5) 3 -7 10 3+ m
4
b 7a(2a 2 + 3a- 7) 4 4
5 9 Exercise 2F
c (2x + 3)(x+2y)
6 10 1 18,32
d (Sa - b)(a - 2)
2 24m, 11 tn
e (n + l)(n + 3) Exercise 2C
3 10
f (2x - 3)(x + 1)
1 -4 ± M 4 18 em, 21 em
g (m + 6)(m- 6)
5± J37 5 2. 99 seconds
h (Sx + 9y)(5x- 9y) 2
2 Investigation - roots of
Exercise 2A 3 3 ± 2J2 quadratic equations
1 a 1' 2
- 7±-!65 1 a 4 b
b -8, 7 4 2
2 1
c
c 5, 6 5
5 l + J7
d -5 5 4 ± Fo
' - l+JU 2 a -7 2 b
e -8 6 6 ' 3
' 2
3+ J89
f -3 c
Exercise 20 10
4 1 3 a No solution
2 a --- 1 - 3 + 2J3
3'2
b No solution
4 2 1+ J2
b -2 - c No solution
' 5
5 3 Exercise2G
c -1 -
'2 1 a 3 7; two different real roots
9I - 3+-fi9
d - - - 4 b 8; two different real roots
2' 2 4
c - 79; no real roots
2 3
e -4 - - 5 --
2'
2 d 0; two equal real roots
' 3
3 4 - 2+3J6
e - 23; no real roots
f - -- 6
2' 3 10 f - 800; no real roots

Answers
2 a p<4 b p < 3.125 e 6. =0 d X= S. (0 9)
2 y 3' '
c iP I> 4v'2 d iPI>-3
3 a k = 25 b k = 1.125 2 a (7,-2);(0,47)
c k=± JlS d k = 0, - 0.75 b (- 5, I); (0, 26)
4 a m >9 b -2 < m < 2 c ( 1,6);(0,10)
16 d (-2,-7);(0,5)
c m> - d m > 12 X
3
5 O<q<I
f 6. = 0
3 a f (x) =(x + 5) 2
- 31

Investigation - graphs of y
y
quadratic functions
a Discriminant, 6. = 29
y
0 (0, -6) X

(-5,-31)
X
g 6. = 33
y b f(x) = (x- 2.5)2 - 4.25

y
b 6.=- 12
y
X
(0,2)
0 X

(2.5, -4.25)
h 6. = 37
X
y C f(x) = 3(x- 1)2 + 4
c 6. = -24 y:
y

(0, 7)

(1, 4)

0 X
0 X
If b2 - 4ac > 0, graph cuts
x-axis twice; if b2 4ac = 0, d J(x) = -2(x - 2)2 + 5
d 6. = -7 1 -

y graph is tangential to x-axis; if

b2 - 4ac < 0, graph does not (2, 5)
intersect x-axis.

Exercise 2H
1 a x = - 4; (0, 5) 0 X

b x=3;(0,-3) (0, -3)

0 X C X= - 1; (0, 6)

Answers
Exercise 21 3 a y = (x + 3) 2 - 25; c (3, -1 8)
1 a (-3,0);(7 , 0);(0,-21) y = (x + 8)(x- 2) 5 a (f o g)(x) = (x- 2) 2 + 3
b (4,0); (5,0); (0,40) b (2, 3)
Y.
c h(x) = x 2 - 14x + 50
c (-2, 0);(-1 , 0);(0,-6)
(-8, 0) (2, 0) d 50
d (-6,0);(2,0);(0,-60) 0 X
Exercise 2J
2 a y =(x - 8)(x + 1)
(0, -16) 1 y = x2 - 4x + 5
Y. 2 y =x 4x- 12 2
-

(-3, -25)
3 y = -3x 6x + 5 2
-
(- 1' 0) (8,0}
X b y = -(x + 2)2 + 25; 4 y = 2.x 2 -3
2 2

(-0, - 8}
y = -(x + 7)(x- 3) 5 y = 2x 2 + 7x + 4
y 6 y = -0.4x 2 + 8x
(-2,25) 7 y = -x + 4x + 212

(0,21} 8 y = 12x 2 - 12x + 3

b y =(x - 3)(x - 5) Exercise 2K

1 a 14.5 metres
(-7' 0) (3,0)
0 b 1.42 seconds
X
(0, 15) 2 14 em, 18 em
3 a 10- x
c 50 cm2
c y = -0.5(x - 3.5)2 + 3.125;
4 12.1 em
(3,0} (5,0}
y = - 0 .5(x - 1)(x- 6)
0 X 5 17m, 46 m
Y. 6 7, 9, 11
c y = -2(x + l)(x- 2.5) (3.5, 3.125)
l + J5
y 7
2
0 X
(0,5) 8 28.125m 2
(0, -3) 9 60 km, 70 h- 2
10 6 hours
(-1, 0} (2.5,0)
Review exercise non-GDC
0 X d y = 4(x- 2.25) 2 - 12.25;
1 a -6, 2
y = 4(x- 0.5)(x- 4)
b 8
Y. 7
c -- 1
d y=5(x+2)(x- ;) 3'
(0,8)
d 3, 4
Y.
(0.5,0} (4,0} e - 1±Ji3
0 X
(-2, 0) (:.o)
0 X
f 7±J13
6
2 a -4
(2.25, - 12.25}
b - 4, 1
(0, -8) 4 a i 0 ii 6 c x =-1.5
b x= 3 d -1.5

Answers
3 a -5 1 1 11 9
' 2 - a - b
b -2 5 32 32
• ••
4 a (-3, - 6) 3 a I 0.2 1 II 0.33
b 252 5 a A= {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}
1
b -
2 4 a 0.27 B = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6 , 10, 15}
c 12 b No - the frequencies are
4 7 8 1113 14
very different A B
5 +J3
c 450
6 a f(x) = 2(x + 3)2 - 13 2 6 9 12 3 15 12 5 10
5 a b 0
b (1' - 5) 11
c 5
7 y =I.x 2 - x - 12 11
2
6 0.2 • 1 •• 2
Review exercise GDC
c I II -
5 5
7 a 1 13
- b
1 a -0.907, 2.57 2 40
b -4.35, 0.345 6
A B
c - 2.58, 0.581 Exercise 38
d -1.82, 0.220 1 33 24
bl br
2 a 20m
b 3 1.5 m 6 4 10
5
c 3.06 s
50
d 4.07 s 15 c
3 21, 68 4
7 a 0.33 b 0.24
4 a= 0.4, b = 3, c = 2
5 60 km h - 1 2 c 0.3
Fr m

Exercise 3C
Chapter 3 7 8 5
51
Skills check 1 a
250
5
1 a -4 b 1_i_
7 35 8 53
b
22 25 100
c 2 d
15 27 3 299
A G
c
e 19 f 3 500
-
27 7 2
7 11 2 a -
2 a 0.625 b 0.7 5
c 0.42 d 0.16 3
1 b -
5
e 15 f 4 .84 Six have both activities. 1
c -
g 0.0096 11 2
a 6 b -
25 25 17
3 -
Exercise 3A 20
4 p
G
1 1 4 9
1 a - b 4 a b
2 4 13 26
11 7 9
1 3
c - d - 2 1
4 4 c d -
13 2
3 5
e -
8 Five play neither. 5 a 0.5 b 0.5

Answers
6 11 4 First draw
60 0 1 2 3 4 5
1 3 0 (0, 0) (0, 1) (0, 2) (0, 3) (0, 4) (0, 5)
7 a b
4 4
1 (1, 0) (1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5)
8 a 0.6 b 0.4 Second
2 (2' 0) (2, 1) (2' 2) (2 , 3) (2' 4) (2 ' 5)
draw
c 0.9 3 (3' 0) (3, 1) (3' 2) (3, 3) (3' 4) (3' 5)
Exercise 30 4 (4, 0) (4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4 , 4) (4, 5)
1 a N b y 5 (5 , 0) (5, 1) (5 , 2) (5' 3) (5 , 4) (5' 5)
c N d y
e N f N 1 b 23
a
6 36 15 Rolling a 'six' on four throws
g N
13 d 13 of one dice
2 yes c -
18 36
3 57 16 a 0.729 b 0.271
89 e -5
9
4 a 2. b 47 Exercise 3G
60 1 1
12 5 a b 1 12 take both subjects
13 6 9
c
60 c 2 a 8 b 23
9 27 27
Exercise 3E
4
1 HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, Exercise 3F c
5
THT, TTH, TTT 1
1
a b 3 25 2 a 0.2 b
2 8 2 3
2 c 2.
c .!:. 169
15
4 3 64
2 125 39
3
BLUE 4 0.6375 48
1 2 3 4 1 2
5 a P(B)=0.2;P(BnC)=0.16 4 a - b -
1 (1 , 1) (1, 2) (1 , 3) (1, 4) 3 5
b Not independent 1
RED 2 (2, 1) (2, 2) (2' 3) (2, 4) c 3 d -
-
5 2
3 (3 , 1 ) (3, 2) (3' 3) (3, 4) 6 ::>
12
4 (4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) 61
7
1 5 -
3 3 59049 95
a - b -
8 8 8 1 1
1 9 6 -
c - d 256 6
4 16
9 a 0.4 7 a 0 b 0
3
b P(E) x P(F) = P(E n F) c 0.63
Box 1
c P(E n F) :;e 0
1 2 3 8 67.3%
d 0.64
2 (2 , 1) (2 , 2) (2, 3)
34
Box 2 3 (3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3)
10 2_ 9
27 47
4 (4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) 1 43
10 a - b
5 (5 , 1) (5, 2) (5 , 3) 27 10 so
1
12 a 0.27 b 0.63
1 11
a - b -
c 0.07 c
6 3 13
3 5 13 0.18, 0.28 11 0.3
c d
4 12
2 1 1 12
e - 14 a b
3 1296 216 3

Answers
Chapter 4 Exercise 48 Investigation - graphs of
1 a 3 b 5 c 16 exponential functions 2
Skills check
4
1 81 d 4 e -
1 a b 9
128 256
1 I
c 1 X 10-9 2 a - b - c 1
8 4 3
y= (-1 )X
2 a 5 b 3 c 4 3
1 25 -
- )-
9 (0, 1)
3 y d e -
16 16 16
0
Exercise 4C
2 c q3 Investigation - compound
4 1 a 8a 3 b
xl interest
Y = x2 -- 4
y=(x - 2) 2 p .3 Half-
d 2.25
X
d e yearly
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 3c 4

Investigation - folding paper a•

o!. Quarterly (1•:1' 2.441 40625
2 a
b
12
Number Number Thickness As thick
of folds of layers (km) as a
Monthly
(1• 1 2.61303529022 ...
Exercise 40
0 1 1 X 10-7
Piece of
paper
1 a x= 5
c x = 3 -1
b
d
x= - 2
x-
--
3
Weekly r1·-'S2 r 2.692 596 954 44...

1 2 2 10-7
X
' 2 31)5

2 4 4 X 1 0· 7
Credit e x=3 Daily (1•-3651l 2.714567 48202 ..
card 5
1-
3 8 8 X 10-7 2 a x= - b x= -4 ( 1 ..,••
2 Hourly 1•-8760 ] 2. 718126 690 63 . ..
4 16 1.6 X 1 0"6
- - -3 4
c X- d x=-
5 32 3 .2 X 1Q-6
5 5 Every 1
6 64 6.4 X 10-s 3 x= -6 m inute [l-525 600) 2.718279215 4 .. .

7 128 1.28 X 10·5 Textbook

8 256 2.56 X 1 0-5
Exercise 4E
1
Every
second
ll•
.
1
31 536000
)31536000
2.718282 47254...

9 5 12 5.1 2 1 0-5
1 a x=3 b x=2 c x= -
X 4

3 a 13 folds 1 --
I
3 Exercise 4F
d X= 2 e X= 3 f x= -
3
4 1 Curves of
b 15 folds
2 a x=8 b x= 625
4 113 000 OOO km a y
1
c x= d x = 64 10
256
Exercise 4A 1
e X= 32 f x=- 8
1 a x5 16
6
1 1
b 6p6q2 3 a x= b x= g(x) = 2x + 3
3125 216
1 3 3 2 f(X) = 2x
c -x y 27
3 c X= 512 d x= -
64
d x4y 6 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 X
Investigation - graphs of
2 a x3 b y
exponential functions 1
b a4 y 5
4
y= wx y= sx
a 4
c
4 3
g(x) = 3-x f(x) = 3x

d 2x 2y3
3 a x l2 b 27t 6 (0, 1)

c 3x6y 4 d -y6 0 X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 X

Answers
3 a 2 b 3 c 2 Exercise4Q Review exercise GDC
1 a 1.1 6 b 1.41 c -0.314 1 3.52
d 3 e 1
d -0.0570 e 11.1 2 a 0.548 b -0.954
Exercise 4N
c - 1.18
1 a p+q b 3p c q- p ln500
2 a 3 a 5 b 2
q c 3.60 d 1,4
d e 2q - P
2 2 1
e I 00,
2 6x- 3y - 6z 100

3 a 1 +log x b 2 - 2Iogx
ln64 4 a f(x) > 0, range of g(x) is all
1n3 real numbers
1 1 1 b They are 1- 1 functions ;
c - +-loax d - 1- -logx ln3
2 2 b 2 3 a x= 0 b X=
-lcx )=2Iln x,g-
.
ln2 f (x)=e 'I 2.x

4 y = 3a - 4 5 -3 - 2log3x
Exercise4R
Exercise 40 C (fog)(x)=x3;
I
1 a x= - b x=1
1 a 2.81 b -1.21 c -0.325 5 (g o f)(x)=3x
d 0.514 e 12.4 c x= d x=J2 d x=J3
7
2 2:. 5 a 218 393 insects
2 e x = 1.62
b 8.66 days
3 a Y b X c 2y
Exercise45
X y X
Review exercise non·GDC
1 a x=83 b x = 14
d 2x+ y e x+y f y- x C X= 95
1 0
y X

4 a 2 a x= 9
32
b x= 6
log(%)
2 logx 2
1
Y= log4

3
c no solutions
A = x(2x + 7) = 2x2 + 7x
loge:)
-1 0 1 2 3 4 X X= 0.5
-1 3 4.5
-2 4 x= 4
b y
5 X= 16
2 logx2 Exercise 4T 5 a x= 7 b x=2
log5
1 1 a 450 x 1.032" C X= 1,4 d x= 6
7
- 4 -3 -2 3 4 X b 10 years
n
2 a i 121 ii 195 6 a m
b m- n
b 9.6 days (10 days)
c 2m d m+n
b
5 a 2b b - 3 49.4 hours n
2
4 a v 7 Shift one unit to the right,
b
c - 2b d 80 1
stretch factor - parallel to
4
3
Exercise 4P x-axis, shift 2 units up.
1 a 2.32 b 3.56 c -1.76
20 8 a
d 0.425 e 0.229 f -3.64 v = 9 + 29e - 0.063t
g 1.79 h -11.0 -3 -2 - 1 0 1 2 3 t -1 1
b f (x)= - 1ogx
2 a 6.78 b 2.36 3
c -3 .88 d 0.263 b 38ms- 1
e 0.526 f 2.04 d 10.7ms- 1 e 17
c
g - 999 5 a=4 b = 3 9 a=2 b=4
' '

Answers
Chapter 5 5 3d • t 3 a
g h I
Skills check 3a 2 d X 0.25 0.4 0.5 1 2 4 8 10 16

1 a -8x+ 20 b 12x -1 8 • x-l f(x} 16 10 8 4 2 1 0.5 0.4 0.25

J
c -.x3 -7x x+ l
d x 4 + 6x 3 + 9x 2 1 3 4 b T he values of x
3 a 6 x-= 1 b -x-= 1
e x 3 + 5x 2 - 24x 6 4 3 andf(x) are the same
numbers but in reverse
2 y
c
3d 2c order.
--2 6-
)(
x•O 3
....• 4 a 4 b X
c d e
y=4 ..
2- 5 a I• 0.5 II 0.05
y•O ... •
T ,. 0.005 IV 0.0005
Ill "'
-3 - Q - 1 0 1 2 4 X
b y gets smaller, nearer to -1:4 - - /
-2
zero. "' - - 1/
y - - '3 -4 24 . v
/
c y = - so 1t can never be /
3 A is a h orizontal shift of 4 X
u n its to the right. Function A zero. "
i7l
is y = (x- 4)3 .. /
\ .............
• I
d I 0.5 II 0.05 ...
B is a vertical shift of 2 units .
down . Function B is y = .x3- 2 iii 0.005 IV 0.0005
e x gets smaller, nearer to zero.
i 1'01 2 1 1i> X
Investigation - graphing
24 . f The function reflects onto
product pairs f x =- so 1t can never be
y itself.
X 24 12 8 3 6 4 2 1
y 1 2 3 8 4 6 12 24 zero.
g The function is its own
y Investigation - graphs of .
mverse.
24 reciprocal functions
18 1 a y
xy= 24 Exercise 58
12 6

6 4 1 y
2 10-
I
-2 O
-6
2 4 6 X 18- y•
5
II
2 4 X 6- X

4-
- 8 '
2 \ .........
I

-2
10 :-:8 - p -
,__.,
I,
0 2 6 ' ""x
10
The nu merator indicates the -2-
As y gets bigger, x gets smalJer
scale factor of the stretch
and vice versa. I -
parallel to they-axis. I
The graph gets closer and closer ..-8\-
to the axes as x- andy-values
2 y :_j_ - 10
.
mcrease.
Exercise SA Y.

l 1
1 a b .!. c 8-
y•
2 3 3 - I· 6- X
-1-
-6 -4 -2 0
d - 1 e 3 f -2 4- \ i-
2 7
2 -4 2- '-.....
g -- h
3 7 -6 ••
10 -:S-u -2-20 2 4 6 lOX
I
2 b 1 Changing the sign of the ,.._ •A
2 a 1 c - 1- T

13 X y numerator reflects the graphs

I 1 9 of the original functions in
l
(

d e f
3x 4y 2x the x-axis. - lC

Answers
 d y=O,x.=-1 d y •
I
y
Domain x E IR,x =t= - 1 8 10
1
Range y E IR, y =t= 0 6 y =X - 7 +3 8
6
e y = 2, x = -1 4 4
Domain x E IR, x =t= -1 2 2

Range y E lR,y =t= 2

-2 0
-2
2 4 6 8 10 12 X -8 -6 -4 -2
-2
° 4 6 8 X

f y= -2,x= -1 -4
Domain x E IR, x :t; 7 = 4 +5
Domain x E IR ,x 7= - 1 -6 Y 3x - 6
Range y E IR,y =t= - 2 Range y E IR , y *3 Domain xE IR, x =t= 2
e y
g y = 2, X= 3 Range y E IR, y *5
Domain x E IR,x =t= 3 3 t
Range y E IR,y =t= 2 -12 -8 - 4 4x
-4
h y = -2, X= -3 2.5
6 -8 2
Domain x E IR, x -3 =t= y= -6
x+2
1.5
Range y E IR, y =t= - 2
Domain x E IR , x - 2 * 1
2 a Range v E JR, v :t: - 6 0.5
y
f y
8 -20 - 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 c
8
6
4 b 3.9°C
4 y= - 6
x
2 4 4 a y
5
y= - +4 8
X
2 4 6 8 X 6
4
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6X

Domain x E IR, x 0 * - 10 -8 -6 - -2 O
-2
2 4 6 8 10 X

RangeyE IR, y =t= 0 -4

Domain XE IR , x 7= 0 -6
Range y E IR, y :t: 4
b y
8 g 1 y
The linear function is a line of
y- -2
6 3 4x + 12 symmetry for the rational
y =X - 3 1
4 function. The linear function
2 -5 -4 - -2 -1 Q 1 X crosses the x-axis at the same
-1 place as the vertical asymptote.
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8x
-2
-4 -3 b
-6 y
-4
Domain x E IR, x :t; 3
Domain x E IR , x 7= -3
Range y E IR, y *0 Range y E IR, y :t: - 2
1
y =X+ 1

h y
c y
6 0 2 4 6 8 10 X
4
4
3
2X y --
- 10 -8 - -4 -2 0 2 2X
-4
-8 -6 -4 - 2 4 6 X The linear function is a line of
-4
y =x+5 - 8 - 12 symmetry for the rational
-4 function. The linear function
- 14
-6 crosses the x-axis at the same
Domain x E IR , x - 5 * Domain x E JR , x 0 * place as the vertical asymptote of
Rangey E IR, y 7= - 8 Range y E IR, y :t; 0 the rational function.

Answers
Investigation - graphing d The domain excludes the c y
rational functions 2 x-value of the vertical 4

y asymptote. 3 x- 7
a y = 3x- 8
4 2
3 Exercise 50 1
2
y = x+3
X
1 a y = 1, x = 3 - 15- 10 -5 0 10 15 20 X
1 -1
Domain x E IR, x :t. 3
-2
- 10 -8 -6 -4 -
1
2 4 6 8 10 X Range y E IR, y *1 -3

-2 2 1
-3 b y=3,x=3 Domain x E JR ,x ::;t:.
3
y . 1 1
D omam x e .JR ,x :t. - Range y E JR, y * -3
4 2 3
3 x+l
Range ye IR ,y :t. -
y= x+ 3
3
2 y
1 3 5 d
C y = - ,X= - - 8 9x + 1
4 4 6 y=3x - 2
-10 -8 -6 -4 - 0 2 4 6 8 10 X
-1 Domain x E IR , x * - 24 4
-2
3
-3
Range y e JR, y * -4 -20-15- 10 -50 5 10 15 20 X
y -2
8 17 1 -4
d y=s,x= - 4
6
Domain x IR,x ::;t:.
Domain x E IR, x * _}_
4 E
3
2 4
Range y e IR, y * -8 17 Range y E lR , y *3
2 4 6 8 lOX
••• •
4 2 a Ill, b i, c IV, d ii e y
-6 -3x + 10
3 a y 4
y= 4x - 12
6 2
y x+2
8 4 y =x + 3 X
6 2
2x - 1
4 Y= x+ 3 - 10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 X -6
2 -2
-4
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 X -6 Domain x E IR, x ::;t:. 3
-
4 3
Domain x E IR, x :t. - 3 Range y E JR.,. y ::;t:.- -4
-6
Range y E lR, y *1
b
b y f y
Rational Vertical Horizontal
Domain Range 4
function asymptote asymptote
5x + 2
3 y=
X X E JR'., y E I!{, 4x
Y = x+ 3 X= - 3 y= 1
X* -3 y;;; 1
X
2
Y = 4x + 3
x +1 X E JR, y e !R,
y = X+ 3 X= - 3 y= 1
X ;t; - 3 y+:1
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 X -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 X
2x X EJR, y E R, -1
Y = x +3 X = - 3 y= 2
X ;t; - 3 y +:2
-2
2x-1 x e lR, y E !I(, -3
Y= X= - 3 y=2
x+3 X ;t; -3 y;o2
-4
c The horizontal asymptote Domain x E IR, x * 4 Domain x E IR,x * 0
is the quotient of the
1 5
x-coefficients. Range y E JR ,y =1 - Range y E IR, y ::;t:. -
4 4

Answers
 b x=O,y=-3 b y f y
(') c
Domain x E R, x :t 0 v

t::.. A
Range y E JR, y ::t- -3
A
\_ f (x), I I I ,.,...
c X= -6,y = - 2
Domain x E JR, x ::t- -6
- r-- r- --r-- /
ru ..v- '·
-8 -6 - 4 -Q_.? 2 X
Range y E JR, y ::t- -2
8 -6 '·
-tl. -2,., ) X ,...
d x=l,y=5 -
A
I
I
'f(x)- x
. t::.
4- 2 I'
L G I
Domain x E R, x::t- 1
au 2 • 0 I
Range y E JR, y :t 5 1==.
(') l X I Domain x E JR, x :t -4
300 Range y E JR., y ;t - 2
4 a c= Domain X E JR, X ::f. 0
s
b c Range y E JR, y :t 3
240- 2 a Using the equation
200- - . c
0
y Spee d
distance
= orne
.
160 - 300 f(x
c- s au 5600
120 -
A I
• I
f(x - -5 r.t distance= 5600, s=--
t
80- \ - ,.,... il l
40- / : ,
b s (km h-1 )
\4 0 2 4: Vl 11.,.0 12 X 1200 f
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 I
I
A
1000
c The domain and range c
800 5600
are limited to JR+ and the __l s= -
0
- - t
domain to z+ 600
u

. 2 400
5 a I y=-=2 D omain x E R, x::t- 5
l 200
jj X= -2 Range y E JR, y ;t 0
iii (-2, 2) 0
d y 4 8 12 16 20
] 1
b (0, -2 ) (2, 0) ...,., t (hours)
f(x) r
I c 560kmh- 1
y
c I
1p 1
1:) I I
,.,...0 :
I
(')
u A
I
I
3 a
c
= 2k- 1 f(x) =
X 7
- 8 I1
Xil L av 1\. m (minutes)
J A
• 0
I
I
' 300
./ I I I
...
"
1(\ I 250
... v
\
I 200 22.2s + 14.28
/ .....
...... I m=-----
s
2 6 8
I I

8 -6 -4 - 2 p 4 X
150

I
x - -2 I I Domain x E JR, x ::f. 7 100
'
Range y E JR., y ;t - 8 50
Review exercise GDC
e y 0 20 40 60 80 100120 s
1 a y .l2
j f( ) •
i
f IX) I .6- b I 165 min
l - 1- f - 2· - -i I \
- - ..
8 -2 0 \ 8 X
lI
I
>- ...... .
II
...
Ill
57.9 min
36.5 min
- - - 2-
f--1- -4- r e.. -6 -g 0 2 X
c m = 22.2
r---t-----·--·-- --r:--1--- 1 2
r--+-d--t--6
1'--... f X) =
6-
- 5 \
I
I
I
•
f( ) .. . u

It +
ft

d The number of minutes

f-- '\
: "
I
)(
that can be spent in direct
- -io-
u
j D I
sunlight without skin
Domain x E JR., x ;t 0 Domain x E R, x ;t - 3 damage on a day when
Range y E JR., y ;t 5 Range y E JR, y ::f. 0 s = 1.

Answers
4 a c d $1 000 saved after 17 weeks. Exercise 6C
4 X 106 e M=20+5(n - l)orM=15+5n 1 d =0.9
750 OO m
3 x10 6 100 -m f T = n (35 + Sn) or T = Sn (7 + n) 2 d = - 3 ' u 1 = 64
2 x1Q6

1 x106
v- 2 2 3 5.5

/ Exercise 6A 4 8
0 20 40 60 80 100 m (%) 1 a 19,23,27 b 16,32, 64 Exercise 60
b i 187 500 Thai baht c 18,24,31 d 80,-160,320 1 1
1 a r=- u 7 =
ii 750 000 Thai baht e 9 11 13 2' 4
14 17' 20
j b r = - 3 ' u 7 = - 2 916
iii 6750 000 Thai baht.
f 6.01234, 6.012345, c r = 10, u7 = 1 000 000
c No. When m = 100, th e 6.012 345 6 d r= 0.4, u7 = 0.1 024
function is undefined. 2 a 10, 30,90, 270
5 a 1
e r= 3x' u 7 = 1458x 6
y f()
X = 2+ b 3, 7, 15, 31
2x - 5
A f r = !!.. u = ab7
.., :
I c
3 1 1 2 a' 7

o.J
I
.....
I
I
"--. Exercise 6E
I
!
I
J 2
3 a u I = 2 and un+l = u n + 2 1 r = 0.4, u 1 = 125
''-
"""" I
I X= 2.p , b u 1 = 1 and u + = 3un 2 r =- 2, u =-4.5 1
11 1
I X
2 -1 0 I u 3 a n = 12 b n= 9
'... c u 1 = 64 and u,,+ 1 = -;:
5 c n=7 d n = 33
b
• d u 1 = 7andun+ 1=un+5
I x= 2•Y = 2 4 r = +4, u2 = + 36
•• 4 a 3, 9,27, 81.
II 2.25
•• • b -3 -9 - 15 -2 1 5 p = +27
Ill 1.8 ' ' ' 6 x= 8
c 1,2,4, 8
Chapter 6 d 1,4,27, 256 Exercise 6F
5 a u n = 2n b u n = 3n-l 8
Skills check
c un = 27- ll d un = 5n + 2
1 a L:n n= l
1 a -6 b - 3, 5 c 5 n
e u = -- f u = nx 6
c I, (29-2n) d I,240(0.5''-
6
1

2 a k =15 - 3m " n+1 11 )

b
4 p 6 a 610 n= I JI '!'J l

I() I8
3 a 108 b - 12.22 b u1 = 1, u2 = 1, and e I, an f I, (3n +1 )
3 un + l = u n + un-1 (1=5

4 a 5 b 16 c -- II
;
32 g h I, na"
I, 3"-L
Investigation - saving money Exercise 68 u=-1
n=J

••
a 1 a i u 15 = 45 11 un = 3n 2 a 4+7+10 + 13+16 + 19
Week Weekly Total
number savings •
savrngs b i u 15 =235 + 22 + 25
1 20 20 ii un =15n + 10 b 4 + 16 + 64 + 256 + 1024
2 25 45 c i u 15 = 106 c 40 + 80 + 160 + 320 + 640
3 30 75 ii u n = 5n + 31 d x 5 + x6 + x7 + x 8 + x 9 +
4 35 110 x 1o + xll
d i u 15 = - 82
5 40 150 3 a 315 b 363
ii un = 113 - 13n
6 45 195 c 140 d 315
7
e i u 15 = 14
50 345
8 55 300 ii u n = 0.6n + 5 Exercise 66

b Savings in 1Oth week: $65; f i u 15 = x + 14a 1 234

••
Savings in 17th week: $100 11 u = x +an - a
17
2 108
c Total saved in 1st year (52 2 a 51 b 169 c 37 3 594
weeks): $7670
d 15 e 27 f 10 4 40x + 152

Answers
5 a n = 24 b 1776 Exercise 6K 6 a6 + 6a 5b + 15a4 b2 + 20a3 b3 +
6 2292 1 I rl < 1 15a2 b4 + 6ab 5 + b6
-
2 a S4 = 213.3,S7 z2 15.9, T he coefficients are from Pascal's
Exercise 6H triangle.
and S«> = 216
1 3 (a+ bf = a7 + 7a 6b + 21a5b2 +
b S4 = 1476, S7 = 1975 .712,
2 a 3n 2
- 2n b 17 and S«> = 25 00 35a4 b3 + 35a3b4 + 21 a2 b5
3 a 1.75n2 - 31. 75n b 21 + 7ab6 +b7
c S4 = 88.88, S7 = 88.888 88,
4 a 1600 b 12600
5 a n = 24 b S24 = 1776
and Soo = 88.8 Exercise 6N

' - 1 y 5 + 15y4 + 90y 3 + 270y 2

d S 4 = 10.83,S7 zl2.71,
6 d = 2 .5, S20 = 575 + 405y + 243
and S = 13.5
00
- 2 16b4 - 32b3 + 24b2 - 8b + 1
Exercise 61 3 13.4
1 a 132 860 b 1228.5 4 192 3 729a 6 +29 16a 5 + 4860a 4
c 42.65625 5 16 or 48 +4320a 3 +576a+ 64
d 4095x + 4095 6 150
2 a 435 848 050 7 4118
b ::=: 11 819.58 5 X
8
+ 8x 7 y + 28x 6 y 2 + 56 x 5 y 3
Exercise 6L
c - 1048 575 +70x 4 Y 4 + 56 x 3 y 5 + 28x 2 y 6
1 - 20
d 1og(a1048575) +8xy1 + ys
2 a 26.25 em b 119
..
3 a i 9 II 76684 3 a $3984.62 b $4025 .81 6 8Ja• - 2 16a 3 b+216a2 b2
..
b i 6 II 3685.5 c $4035.36 - 96ab 3 + 16b 4
•
g ..
C I II 1.626 5375 4 42 4 3 2
+ 720c
.. 7 243 cs + 81 0c + 1080c
d i 11 II 885.73 5 18 d 2 3
d d
6 232 240c 32
Exercise 6J + +-
d4 ds
7 ::=:19.6 years
1 a 6 b 5
8 a 1,8,21 b 1, 7,13
c 19 d 6
59048 c 6n - 5
2 r=3,S10 =
15 9 a 4, 12, 28 b 4, 8, 16 Exercise60
3 r= 3
4 a 1.5 b 21 c 4(2''- 1) 1 336x5
5 205 9 10 z 86 months 2 - 1280y 4
6 3 11 About $16. 30 3 4860a2 b4
Investigation - converging Exercise6M 4 - 512
•
senes 5 2
1 1 10
1 i a r - - 6 +4
2 2 28
2
3 35 7 17920
b r =-
5 8 4860
- 1 4 84
c r =-
5 15 9 8
.. 4
11 Inspect values on G D C 6 120 10 7
2 a The values are approaching Review exercise non-GDC
Investigation - patterns in
4 as n ---7 oo
polynomials 1 a 4 b 283 c 25
b The values are approaching 1 c 256
1 a+b 2 a - b 1
125 as n ---7 oo 4 3
2 a + 2ab + b
2 2 3 a 4 b 5
c The values are approaching 4 a 30 b 262
3 a3 + 3a2 b + 3ab2 + b3
192 as n ---7 oo
4 a4 + 4a3 b + 6a2b2 + 4ab 3 + b4 5 120
3 .
Results like 1- ( 1 )so
. are 1 b 3200
2 5 a + 5a b +
5 4 10a3 b2
+ 10a b + 2 3 6 a -
4 3
beyond the limit of t he display. 5ab4 + b5 7 +4
Answers
8 720.x3 Exercise 7C
1 The portion gets closer to .
9 a 17 b 323 [3(x +h)+4] - (3x +4) =
1 3
Review exercise GDC 2 The portion gets closer and h

1 a 3 b 52 closer to I. , yet never reaches .!. . [2(x +h) 2 - I] - (2x 2 - 1)

2 2
2 =--------=------ = 4x + 2h
2 a 96 b 32 h

3 a u L = 7' d = 2 b 720 Exercise 7A 3

4 a 2 b 11 1 Divergent J
[ (x +h) 2 +2(x +h) +3 - (x 2 +2x + 3)
5 18 2 Convergent; 3.5 h
6 u = 5 r = -3 3 Convergent; 0 = 2x+h+2
1 '

7 - 945x• 4 Convergent; 0. 75
16 Exercise 70
5 Divergent
1 1 2; m= 2
8 -
Exercise 78
4 2 6x + 2 · m = - 16
9 a 5.47 million b 2056 1 10 '
3 2x - J· m = 1
2 1 '
Chapter 7 3 1 lnv.e stigation - the derivative
Skills check 4 Does not exist of f(x) x" =
1 a 3x(3x 3 - 5x 2 + 1) 5 4 1 f(x)=x 2
b (2x - 3)(2x + 3) 6 Does not exist f'(x) =lim (x + h)z- x z
c (x - 3)(x - 2) IH O h
Investigation - secant and
tangent lines = lim(2x+h)
d (2x + 1 )(x - 5) h -+ 0

=2x
2 a x + 6x + 12x + 8
3 2 1 y
3
b 81x 4 - 108x 3 + 54x 2 f(x) = X

- l2x + 1
! '( X
) = 1
. (x +h)' - x
1m-'------'--
3

h-. 0 h
c 8x 3 + 36x 2y + 54xy 2 + 27y 3
= lim(3x 2 + 3xh + h 2 )
3 a x -6 b 4x - 3 h -t O

-I -5 X
c 5x 2 d X;

e 7x
-- 3
2
f(x) = X
4

2
f'(x) = lim (x + h)4 - x•
Investigation - creating a Gradient ,, ... o h
Point Coordinates Line
sequence or slope = lim(4x 3 + 6x 2 h+ 4xh 2 + h 3 )
h -+ 0
p (0 , 1) - -
Portion of the paper
Round you have at the end A (- 1.5, 3.25) AP - 1.5
number of the round Fraction 8 (-1, 2) BP -1 2 To find the derivative of
Decimal (3 sf) c (-0.5 , 1 .25) CP - 0 .5 f(x) = x", multiply x by the
1 D (0.5, 1.25) DP 0.5 exponent n and subtract one
1 - 0.333
3 (1, 2)
from the exponent to get the
E EP 1
4 new exponent. If f(x) = x",
F (1.5, 3.25) FP 1.5
2 -
9
0.444 thenf' (x) =nxn-l
3 0
3
13
- 0.481 3 Prediction: f' (x) = 5x 4
27 4 y
f(x) = x 5
40
4 - 0.494
81 f'(x ) = lim (x + hi - xs
h-+0 h
121
5 0.498 = lim(5x4 + 1Ox 3h + 1Ox 2h2
243 h-+0

364 +5xh 3 +h4 )

6 0.499
729 X

Answers
Exercise 7E 2 a y - 4 = -4(x + 3) 5 No
1 5x 4 b y- 6 = l(x- 1) 6 f'(x) = x 4 · 7x 6 +x 7 · 4x 3 = ll x 10
2 8x 7 y-5 = -(x-3)
1 7 f'(x) = u(x) · v'(x) +v(x)·u'(x)
c
4 3 8 f(x) = (3x + l)(x 2 - 1)
3 - -·
xs 15
d y - 9= - - (x -1) = 3x 3 + x 2 - 3x - 1
1 1 4
4
-2 or 33 2 fx2 1
f' (x) = 9x 2 + 2x- 3
3x 3 . x 3 a y-3=- - (x-2)
7 f(x) = (3x + 1)(x 2 - 1)
1 1
5 - or - f' (x) = (3x+ 1)(2x) + (x 2 -1)(3)
2Fxl
------;::=
1
2x 2 b y+5= - (x + I)
6 = 6x 2 + 2x + 3x 2 - 3
6 1
c y - 25 = - - (x - 2) = 9x 2 + 2x - 3
20
This supports the conj ecture.
Exercise 7F d y + 2=-2_(x - I)
26 Exercise 71
16
1 -- 4 x=l·x= - 1
x9 ' 1
(x - 4) 2
2 0 5 5
Investigation - the derivatives 2 l 0x 4 +4x 3 +9x 2 +2x+I
of ex and In x 1- 1nx
3
4 5nx 4
1 Conj ecture: f'(x) = e x2

5 2x - 8 ex
2 Conj ecture: f'(x) =.!. 4 -+ e'ln x
X X
l 4
6 Exercise 7H 6
4 5 (x + 4)2
3 1
7 - 3
X ex
2x 1
2 e'+ - 1
3 2x 2
8 -
8i3
X

5 3 4 8x + 3
10 - , + - , 1
- -4
5 2e" +- 9 -1
6x 0 4x
X

11 12x 3 - 4x 6 5e-" + 4
12 4x + 3 7 y- 5 = 12(x- In 3) Exercise 7J
2 2
8 y-9=..!.(x +3) 5
13 .!_ + !. 1 2x 2
-
3x 3
3x 3 6 3
1 2 4x 3
14 6x 2
- 12x 9 y- 1= - (x-e)
e
15 3x + 4x - 32 3 4xe-" + 2x2e
10 y-7=-..!.(x-2)
9 2xe" - 4e'
Exercise 7G 4
11 2e 3 ; 40.2
1 y +3 = 2(x- 3); 16
I 5 5 3X
2
-
y + 3 = --(x - 3) 12 - ; 0. 208 9

2 24
y Investigation - the derivative
y+3= - --(x-3)
1
2 1 f(x) = x2- 4x of the product of two ex
functions
2x
11 7
(x + 1Y
2

f ' (x) = 11x 10

8 3 + 31nx
u'(x) = 4x 3 ; v' (x) = 7x 6
1
9 1--
u ' (x) · v'(x) = 28x 9 x2

Answers
 6
10 3 lnx; 3x' ; 13 h'(x) = . Since
X
(l- 2x)"

2
4 2x+3; ,• 6 > 0 and(l - 2x)4 > 0 for
X+ I
3(2x +3)1
- all x where his defined,
11
(x - 1)1
the gradient of h is always
12 10x 4 + 12x 3 - 3x 2 - 18x - 15 5 positive.
2

13 y=- - (x-1)
I
x 1 ; In x;
3(1nx) 14 a 6
6
e X b 8
14 y =X- ]
!. 6
15 - 9n + 3.5 7 .x ' 9x + 2·I -----:-I
3•
Exercise 7M
-
(9x + 2)3
16 4nr 2 3
1
17 7 8 Fx
18 4 2
Investigation -finding 9 3 3e - J, (6n + 5)
the derivative of a
8
composite function 4
10 e · · 4 x ' · 12x, e"
1 a I (x) =(2 - x) 3 ' '
Exercise 7L -3
= 8 - 12x + 6x 2 - x 3 5
l'(x) = -12 + 12x- 3x 2 1 8x 2 (2x - 3) 3 + 2x(2x- 3)4
or 6x(2x - l )(2x - 3)3 6 1
b l'(x) = 3(2- x)l · (-1)
7 equals 0
2 a I (x) = (2x + 1) 2
2
e' 8 dy=e· -e •
= 4x + 4x + 1 2
dx
l'(x) =8x + 4 -8x dl
3 _::...Y = e • +e
(x2 + 3)2 r

b I' (x) = 2(2xl)· 2 dx 1

d)
-x 1 x+l
3 a l(x) = (3x 2
+ 1)2 4 + ' or Y =
_::... e·' -e '
- (2x + 1) 2
-
- --3
dx 3

= 9x 4
+ 6x 2 + 1 (2x + I)' (2x + 1)2
d4
_::...Y = e' +e· ·
I' (x) = 36x + 12x 3
dx 4
5
b I' (x) = 2(3x 2 + 1) · (6x)
When n is odd
4 The derivative of a composite
function is the derivative of 6x 2 d"
6 Y = e' -e ' and when
the outside function with 2x'- l dx"
respect to tbe inside function I .
7 n 1s even
multiplied by the derivative xlnx
d"
of the inside function. Y =e' +e ' .
_::...
- 2(e ' -e ') - 2e' (eh -I)
or , dx"
5 f(x) = (x4 + x2)3 8
(e ' +e ' ) 2
(e·' +I) 1
= x 12 + 3x IO + 3xs + x6 9 dy -1
-2x+3 -= -
f' (x) =12x 11
+ 30x + 24x + 6x 9 7 5 9
l'(x)= 3(x 4 +x 2) 2 · (4x 3 +2x) =-
I 1
=3(x8 + 2x + x 4)(4x 3 + 2x)6 10 x s(x2 +3) 2 +4.x3(x2+ 3)2
=3(4x + 10x 9 + 8x 7 + 2x
11 5
) 5x 5 + 12x.1
or ------,1,..-
= 12x 11 + 30x9 + 24x 7 +6x 5 (x2 +3)2

Exercise 7K 11 a (2x-2)e ' ' 2

' ct•y {-l)"n!
-
1 x 5 · 3x 4 + 2x·
I I b 2 dx" X ·-·
5(3x 4 + 2x)4 (12x 3 + 2) c y - I = 2(x - 2) -1 8
2 2
4x 3 •' 2x + 3x + I·
12(2x 2 + 3x + 1)2 (4x + 3)
. 12 e -
I
10

Answers
Exercise 7N 2 a 4ft d Let acceleration be 2m s- 2 •
1 a 1.4m;21 m b s(2) = - 16(2)2 + 40(2) Time Velocity Speed
b 9.8ms- ' + 4 = - 64 + 80 + 4 = 20ft (s) (m s-1 ) (m s-1 )
•
c 9.8ms-'; Oms-'; - 9.8ms- 1
; c I - 16t 2 + 40t + 4 = 20 0 - 10 10
The ball is moving upward .. 1 1 -8 8
II t = - 2s
at 1 s, at rest at 2 s and 2' 2 -6 6
downward at 3 s. . ds 3 -4 4
d I -=-32t+40
dt
2 a 4000 litres; 1778 litres .. 4 -2 2
II 40fts-1
b - llllitres/min; D uring 2 a Speeding up
... 5
the time interval 0 to Ill - s
4 b Slowing down
20 minutes, water is being
iv 29ft c Speedin g up
pumped out of the tank at
an average rate of 3 a v(t) = s'(t) d Slowing down
111 litres per minute. e'(l) - t(e') 3 a Speeding up
-
c - 89 litres/min; at (e' )2 b Slowing down
20 minutes, water is being e 1 (1 - t)

-- Exercise 7P
pumped out of the tank at e2t

l- t
1 a v(t)=8t 3 -l2t,t"2:.0
an average rate of 89 litres
v(t) =
per minute. et a (t) = 24 t 2 - 12, t > 0
d V' (t) is negative for b l second b 84cms- 2 ; Velocity is
0 < t < 40 minutes, which increasing 84 em s- 1 at
means water is flowing Investigation- velocity, time 2 seconds.
out of the tank during this acceleration and speed c v(t) = 0 when t = 0 and
time interval. Therefore 1 a Let acceleration be 2m s-2 • 1.22 s; a(t) = 0 when
the amount of water in the t = 0. 707 s; speeding up
Time Velocity Speed
tank is never increasing for 0 < t< 0.707 sand
(s) (m s- 1 ) (ms- 1 )
from t = 0 minutes to t > 1.22; slowing down for
0 10 10
t = 40 minutes. 0.707 < t< 1.22
1 12 12
3 a 112 bacteria/day 2 a v(t) = -3t 2 + 24t- 36,
2 14 14
b P' (t) = 25e 0 ·251 0 < t< 8
3 16 16
c 305 bacteria/ day; on day a(t) = -6t+ 24,0 < t< 8
4 18 18
10 the number of bacteria b s(O) =20m;
are increasing at a rate of b Let acceleration be -2ms- 2 . v(O) = - 36m s- 1 ;
305 bacteria/ day. a(O) = 24ms- 1;
Time Velocity Speed
4 a 20.25 dollars/unit; (s) (ms- 1 ) (ms- 1 ) c t= 2, 6 s; moving left on
20.05 dollars/unit 0 :::; t :::; 2 and 6 :::; t :::; 8,
0 10 10
moving right 2 :::; t:::; 6
b C'(n) = O.ln + 10 1 8 8
d t = 4 s; speeding up on
c 20 dollars/unit; It costs 2 6 6
2 < t < 4 and 6 < t < 8,
20 dollars per unit to 3 4 4
slowing down on 0 < t < 2
produce units after the 4 2 2 and 4 :::; t :::; 6
lOOth unit.
c Let acceleration be -2ms- 2 . 3 a v(t) = - 9.8 t + 4.9
a(t) = -9.8
Exercise 70 Time Velocity Speed
(s) (ms-1 ) (ms-1 ) b 2.01 s
1 a Ocm· 9cms- 1
' c O.Ss; 11.2m
b 1 sand 3 s 0 -10 10
1 -12 12 d v(0.3) = 1.96 > 0 and
c
a(0.3) = -9.8 < 0. Since the
t= 3 2 -14 14
..... signs of v(0.3) and a(0 .3)
t= 0• • tt= 1 3 - 16 16
are different the particle is
0 4 s 4 -18 18 slowing down at 0.3 seconds.

Answers
 • 1 1 Exercise 75 Exercise 7T
4 a 1 v(t) = - t -
••
2 t+1 1 concave up ( -oo, oo) 1 y
II 1 second
2 concave up (0, 2); concave 4
1 1 (- 4, 0)
b i a(t) = - + -----,_-2 down (- oo, 0) and (2 , oo);
2 (t+1) -3 -2 -1 O 1 2 3 4 X
inflexion points (0, 0) -4
..
II Since > 0 and and (2, 16) (0, -8)
2
3 concave up (2, oo); concave
1 >0
(t+IY ' down (-oo, 2); inflexion
1 1 point (2, 8) 2 y
a(t) = 2 + (t+1)z > 0 4 concave up ( -oo, oo)
for t 2:: 0 and so velocity 5 concave up (-2, oo); concave X
is never decreasing. -2
down (-oo, -2); inflexion
Exercise 7Q
1 Decreasing (-oo, oo)
point (-2,-: )
2 Increasing (-oo, 2); decreasing -10
6 concave up -oo - .J3 and
(2, 00) ' 3 3 y
x= 4
3 Increasing ( -1, 1) ; decreasing .J3 oo ; concave down 8 I
(-oo, -1) and (1, oo) 3 ' 6 I
I
I

4 Decreasing (-oo, 0); increasing (0, -2) 4 I

(0, 00)
J3J3
-- -
3 , 3
; inflexion points _________
5 Increasing (- 1, 0) and (1, oo); -6 -4 -2 6 8 10 12 X
-2
decreasing (-oo, -1) and (0, 1) J33
- - - and
J33 -4
6 Decreasing (-oo, 3) and (3, oo) 3 ,4 3 '4 -6
-8
7 Decreasing (0, oo)
- 48x
8 Increasing (- 3, oo); decreasing 7 a f'(x) = 4 y
(xz + 12)z
( -oo, -3) 10
9 Increasing (-oo, -J3) and 8
f"(x)
(J3, oo); decreasing (-J3, - 1) , 2
_ (x + 12)2 ( - 48) - (- 48x)[2(x + 12)(2x)]
2
6
4
(-1, 1) and (1,J3)
(x 2 + 12t 2
10 Increasing (-oo, -2) and _ (x 2 +12) 2 (- 48) + 192x 2 (x 2 +12)
(4, oo); decreasing (-2, 4) - 2
0 1 2 3 45 6x
(x +I2t
Exercise 7R _ 48(x 2 + 12)[- (x 2 + 12) + 4x 2 ] 5 y
- (x 2 + 12)'
1 relative minimum (1, -5) 10
_ 48(x 2 + 12)(3x 2 - 12) 8
2 relative minimum (2, -21);
(x 2 + 12)4 6
relative maximum (-2, 11) 4
_ 144(x 2 +12)(x 2 -4)
3 no relative extrema 2
(x + 12)
4 2
(0,0)
4 relative minimum (- 1, - 1) _ 144(x2 - 4) -4 -3 -2
and (1, -1); relative (x 2 +12) 3
-4
maximum (0, 0)
b i relative maximum -6
5 relative minimum ( - 3 , - 2187) (0, 2) -8
4 256

6 relative minimum (0, 0); ii inflection points 6

relative maximum (2, ) (- 1, 0)

7 no relative extrema 8 concave up (-oo, -2) and 2 3 4 X
8 relative minimum (1, 0); (4, oo); concave down (-2, 4);
relative maximum (- 3, - 8) inflection points at x = - 2, 4 ;
- )
Answers
Exercise 7U 4 absolute maximum 16; k ex(3x 2 + 6x + 1)
absolute minimum - 9
6e"
y l
1 y = f"(x) 5 absolute maximum 2;
I
y = f'(x) absolute minimum _ 3
2 m
.J2x - 5
; f\ Exercise 7X
I I J 1\ I I 'X n 2xe2x (x + 1)
-3 -2 1 11 1 2 79 1
1 -and - 0
1
4 4
X
2 100 and 50
200 2 a x 3 + 3x 2h + 3xh2 + h3
3 X = 50 ft; y = ft
3 b
Exercise 7Y
f' (x)
1 40cm by 40cm by 20cm . [2(x+h/ - 6(x+h)] - (2x 3 - 6x)
=1
2 3 items h-O h
. 2x3 +6x 2 h + 6xh 2 +2h3 - 6x - 6h - 2x3 +6x
3 22 =1
30 - 3h h
- - 1 X 4 a r= 2 2 3
5 =lim 6x h+6xh +2h -6h)

b V(h) =;reo 5 3h J
(h) or
h(6x
. ___.
= 11m
2
h

+6xh - 2h - 6)
.:. ___________
2
. . :. .
y = f"(x) 9 h
V(h) = rc (lOOh - 20h 2 + h 3 )
25 =lim (6x 2 + 6xh - 2h2 - 6)
3 ..v. h-o
Y= f(x)
c dV = 9P(100-40h +3h 2 ) ·
dh 25 '
c p= - 1;q= 1
d 2V = 9p (- 40+6h)
dh 2 25 d f" (x) = 12x
6 8 X
d r = 4cm; h= - cm 10 e (O,oo)
3
3 y - 4= - __!:_(x - 1)
5 a p(x) = 4$ -2x 2 12
y = f"(x)
b d p
2
4 (2../3 9- 2../3) -2../3 9+2../3
dx -I 'dX 2 -3 3' 9 '3' 9
x2 xz
Exercise 7V 5 a /"(2)>/9)>/'(2);
c 0.630 thousand units
1 relative minimum (3, -75) or 630 units b f" (2)> 0; since the graph
2 relative minimum (1, 0) and of fis concave up,/(2) = 0
Review exercise non-GDC and/' (2) < 0 since the
(-1, 0); relative maximum (0, 1)
3 relative minimum (3, -27) 1 a 12x2 + 6x - 2 graph of fis decreasing
.
6 a I 4x 3 - 12x 2
4 relative minimum ( ••
12x 2 -24x
II
12 •
b I (0,0), (4,0)
5 relative minimum (1, 0) c - -x5 ••

6 relative maximum (0, 1) II (3, - 27)

d 10x 4 - 4x 3 - 3x 2 + 2x - 1 ...
Ill (0,0),(2, - 16)

Exercise 7W e 11 c Y.
2
(x + 7) 20
1 A - neither; B - relative and
15
absolute minimum;
C - absolute maximum
(4,0)
2 A -neither; B -relative
h
minimum; C - relative and 2x + 3 -4 -3 - 2 - 1 0 2 3 X
5
absolute maximum; • 1- 2ln x 10
I
D - absolute minimum 15
absolute maximum 8; 4 1 20 (2 , - 16)
•
J -x - - 25
absolute minimum -8 3 3

Answers
 b y 2 a 1 b 170 < h < 180
7 a v(t)=20 - l00 .l:'3
t a; 40 -
-o
b t< 5 .a 30 -
CJ)
Exercise 80
0 20
c v' (t) = a(t) = and since 1 62.5kmh- 1
t 10
E
;;:, 2 $1.86
2
100 > 0 and t > 0, z 0 I I J I •
15 30 45 60 75 90 X 3 a Discrete
v '(t) > 0. Therefore Time in minutes -
velocity is always b 5. 7 6 calls per day
. .
mcreasmg. 4 a Continuous
2 a Continuous
b 17 b 90 < m < 120
Review exercise GDC
c y c 83.4 min per day
1 a Does not exist
5 79
b 1 Q)

-5 4+--l--t
co 6 91.1 kg
c 8
d Does not exist
-
23 3 -i- - t --1
Q)
2 -+--+--t 7 255km
• "E 1-i- - 1 --1 8 568
2 a I = .Jx y 2
+ 100
;;:,
z
.. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 X
9 103 points
II z= + 625 or
Age (years) 10 $315.20
.Jx 2 - 60x + l525
3 a Continuous
••• 2 Exercise 8E
Ill L(x) = .Jx + 100 b 96 c
2
1 a 4 b 5 c 3.5
+.Jx -60x+1525 Mass 1<w 2 < w 3 < w 4 < w
. d 4 e 6
b I dL X
(kg) <2 <3 <4 < 5
- = 2 11
dx .Jx 2 +100 Number
x-30 o.f 8 24 50 14 3 Mode 7, mean 5.25, median 5.5
+ ch ickens
.Jx 2 - 60x + 1525 '--

••
II 8.57 ft
4 a Continuous
b c 5 min

Time 5<t< 10 ,10 <t< 15 ,1 5<t<20

Chapter 8
f 1 2 4 4 2 2 1 1
I
Skills check
1 y
Investigation: Measures of
12 -
central tendency
10
8
6- Data Mean Mode Median
4- 61718,10,12,14, 14,
2- Data set 12.2 14 13
15,16,20
I I I I I ,
0 Red Blue Pink Purple Black x Add 4 to each 10, 11,12,14,16,18,
16 .2 18 17
data set 18,19,20, 24
2 a 6 .4 b 8
•• ... Multi ply the original 12, 14, 16, 20,24, 28,
c i 6 II 10 Ill 11 24.4 28 26
data set by 2 28,30,32,40
-
Exercise SA
1 a Discrete b Continuous a If you add 4 to each data
c Continuous d Discrete Exercise 8C value, you will add 4 to the
2 Discrete 1 a 18 b 9 mean, mode and median.
c 18 and 24 d 0 b If you multiply each data value
Exercise 88 1 by 2, you will multiply the
e and 2
1 a Continuous 2 mean, mode and median by 2.

Answers
 • • ••
Exercise SF I 11min 6 a I 23 min II 16 min
•• ...
1 a 9 5 em b 6 7.5 c 57.5 II (13 .6 - 8.2)min Ill 37 min
d 92.5 e 35 = 5.4min b y
y b p = 32, q = 8
. f) 4 a
""!' " r • .j .. v
·; Marks f cf
'
20 ::;; m < 30 2 2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 X 30 ::;; m < 40 3 5 10 20 30 40 50x

2 a 14 b 79 c 75 40 < m <50 5 10 7 a 170cm
1-
d 82 e 7 50 ::;; m < 60 7 17 b 50 flowers between 135 em
y
and 163cm
M
k 1* I"

I
Q3[-1 a t*
60 < m < 70

70 ::;; m < 80
6

4
23

27
c 22 flowers, 180cm d 110
e
71 75 79 82 85 X 80 < m < 90 2 29
y
3 a 19 b 21 c 12 90 < m < 100 1 30
d 27 e 15
y b y
32
g28
1 i '"
'3
J
X
24 -r-- - - ----t:
' '

I I 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 X

...l J ...l ...l
';; Height (em)
10 20 > 16 1 - - - --t
'.;::J 12
ro
4 a 5 b 8 c 7 :::l 8 1 -- ---;( Exercise SH
§ 4
d 10 e 3 <...)
1 a Mean= 18,
0 20 40 60 80 100x variance = 129 .6,
S a m b i c 11
Exam mark (%) standard deviation = 11.4
Exercise 86 c i 57% b Mean = 40, variance= 200,
1 a 75cm ii Lower quartile 45% stan dard deviation = 14.1
b (77.5 - 72) em= 5.5 em Upper 69% 2 a Variance= 78.5,
c The middle 50% of data iii Inter-quartile standard deviation = 8.86
has a spread of 5.5 em. range ::= 24% b Variance= 80.18,
2 y 5 a standard deviation= 8.95
Distance (d) f cf
40
./
v c Variance= 449, standard
35 0 < d < 20 4 4
>.
30 I .L 20 < d < 40 9 13
deviation = 21 .2
Q)
:::l j( I--
0" 25
40 ::;; d < 60 15 28
3 1.32
';; 20 I
I
> 4 Mean = 2 .5,
·.;::; 1/ 60 ::;; d < 80 10 38
ro 15
:::l
1- standard deviation = 1.24
80 :::;;. d < 100 2 40
v
E 10 I
:::l
5 5 Standard deviation= 14.9
v
<...)
b y
/ 6 a D iscrete b 2.73
40
0 10.5 20 .5 30.5 40.5 X 36 c 1.34 d 23
Length (mm) g32
281=========::<1 7 Mean = 42.4,
3 a y standard deviation = 21.6
100 ';; 20-1-- - --f
0 Q) 90
v >
·.;::;
ro
16 8 a 51 b 69.5
.c: E
;;:: ·.;::; 80 L ::; 12
.l!l (/) 70 § 8 c i 21.8 ii None
c: ·-
m-:5 60
'0 c:
v u 4 1-- 7(
Investigation: The effect of
--
:::l
ro 50
-(/) .c:
0 20 40 60 80 100x adding or multiplying the data
0 (/) 40
m2 30
(/)
J Distance thrown (m)
.D.:,s:. set on a standard deviation
E o 20 r---
:::l 0
z - 10
v c Qualifying 66 m a 2.47
1./v to1 2 )'!3
.
0 2 4 6 8 1012141618x
I • '
d Inter-quartile range 28m b The mean increases by 100 to
Time (min) e Median 50 m 103.9.

Answers
c 2.47
d The standard deviation
4 a Mean = 2.57, median= 2,
mode= 1, stan dard dx 2
= x-3
remains the same. This deviation = I .68, 1 - 2 d 2 !
variance = 2.82 - - x z - - x z, - - x,
is because the standard _!_ +1 3 dx 3
deviation only measures the b Range= 6, lower 2
spread of the numbers, and quartile = l , IQR = 3
that remains consta nt if the 5 a 160 s Height< 170 4 n = -1
same number is added to each
item in the list.
b
Heig ht f Exercise 9A
e The mean is doubled. 140 s Height < 150 15 1 .!..xS + c
f 4.94 150 s Height < 160 55 8

g T he variance will be 160 s Height < 170 90 2 .!.xS + c

5
multiplied by 4 because the 170 s; Height < 180 45 1
variance is the standard
- 3 -- + c
180 s Height < 190 5
deviation squared. -
4
Mean = 164cm
Review exercise non-GDC .. 3
6 a i p = 65 II q = 34 5 - x3 + C
4
1 a 3 b 5 c 5 b Median= 18
d 9 6 -xs
5 c
c Mean= 17.7 7
2 a 4.2 b 4 c 4
7 - 1 +c
3 Mean = 27.5 yrs, stan dard 3x3
deviation = 0.4 yrs. Chapter 9 8 1 + c
llx' '
Type A Skills check
4 a 52 b 14 c 8
9 3 :
-X + c
1 a 2 + 8 + 18 + 32 + 50 4
Type B 7
b 4+7+10+13+ 16 10 - x 7 +C
a 52 b 8 c 3 10
c g(x 1) + 4g(x2) + 9g(x3) + 5
5 a 426 b 72 c 62 16g(x4) + 25g(x5) 11 - X 5
+C
4
6 a d f(x 1)(!:lx1) + f(x 2)(!:lx2) + I

y 12 3x 3 + C
f (x3)(!:lx3)
140
I 2 a 18 mm2 b 8n cm2 Exercise 98
c::
,_
- )_I'
100 3 a 160ncm 3 b 42n ft3 1
0" I /
80 ' I 1
60 Investigation - 2 -- + c
<Q
I I antiderivatives of X" t
:::l 40
E
8 20 I• t- r- 3 C
0
- ...
150 160 170
I

180X
1
f( x)
Antiderivatives 9
off 4 2u + C
Height (em) -
5 x 3 +r+x+C
b Median 163
X 1x2 +C 2
2 6 - -x z + c
c IQR 6
x2 + C 1 4
5

7 a k = 100 - 96 = 4 3
7 -P + -t" + c
·-
3 5
b i median = 3 x3 3
C 8 -x 3 +x+ C
ii IQR = 5 - 1 =4 - 4 5
8 Median = 65 op, IQR = 45 op
9 xS + 3.0 + 3x2 - 2x + C
x4 + C 10 t+ c
5
Review exercise GDC 11 a 3x2
XJ
1 n+l
1 Median= 20, IQR = 14 2 --X
n+l
2 a 6.48 b 1. 31
3 l .xJ+I = - .!..x2or - 1 . 6 -65
3 a 6 b 6 c 5.92 -3+1 2 2x 2 ' 12 a - 4 b 25x +C

Answers
Exercise 9C Exercise 9F 3

1 f(x) = + 4r + 8 1 .!. (2x2 + 5)3 + c 4

0
-J9 - x 2 dx : : : 7.07;
3 3
1 4 2 ln(x-1 + 2x) + C, x3 + 2x > 0 1 2
4 n(3 ) : : : 7.07
2 y= -x5 + -x 4 +9
5 5 3 3 1
3 s(t) = f - f2- 6 5 -dx z 1.10; no area
I X
4 115ncm 3 4 e' + c
1 formula
5 a -5ms-2 5 -2 - - + C 6
x + 3x + 1
b 6 ( .!.x+2)dx = 18;
2 6 eFx +C 0 3
Exercise 90 I
7 - (2x3 + 5)5 +
30
c _!_ (2 + 4)(6) = 18
1 2lnx + C, x > 0 2
4 2 Exercise9H
2 3e+ c 8 -(x + x) 4 +C
3 1 12
3 .!. In t + C, t > 0
4 9 .!.(0 - x2)4 + c 2 14
2
4 _!_ x2 +C 10 - ln(x3 - 4x) + C, x3 - 4x > 0 3 -4
2
5 i x3 + 6x2 + 9x + C 11 /(x) = ln(4x2 + 1) + 4 4 -8
3 5 12
12 f (x) = e ' + 4e
2
6 - x 3 + 3x2 + 51n x + C, x > 0 6 0
1
Investigation - area and the
7 .!.u3 + C 7 11
definite integral
3 8 -3
1 _A __1 3 2 1 a i 0.5 ii 1; 1.25; 2; 3.25
8 - .x -- x- + -x - x+ C
4 2 ••• 9 20
Ill 3. 75
1
9 - (e + x) + C 10 12
2 b i 0.5 ii 1.25; 2; 3_25; 5
2 2 ... 11 a 4 b 12
10 - xz + - x2+
!_ Ill 5. 75
5 3 12 a 4
c 4.67; 3.75 < 4.67 < 5.75; the
Exercise 9E area of the shaded region b i a= 3· b = 7 ii k=3
'
1 2
1 .!.c2x + 5) + 3
c 2 2 (3)(6) = 9; (2x + 2)dx = 9;
9.4 Exercise 91
6
1
- I 1 1
2 - - (-3x + 5) 4 + C they are equal 10
12 a 2
I
- x-3 3 f(x)dx 3
3 2e 2 +C b 1
3
4 _!_ ln(5x + 4) + C, x > _i 4 a .!.(2.5 + 1)(3) = 5.25; 2
2
5 5 5 36
3 7 4 --
5 -- ln(7 - 2x) + C x> - x+ 3) dx = 5.25 5
2 , 2 1
( -.!.
2 5 4(e3 - 1)
6 2e2x+l + C
3 b _!_1t(42) z 25 .1 ; 6 1
7 -(4x - 3)8 + C 2
4. 7 16
16
2 !_ -J16- x 2 dx : : : 25.1 3
8 - (7x+2)2 +C -4 8 16
21
Exercise 9G 9 a 24 b 32
9 _!_e 4x + 4 In(3x - 5) + C 6 3
4 3 ' 1 (.!. x + 1) dx. = 16 ·' 10 12
2
5 -2
x> - Exercise 9J
3 _!_(8)(4) = 16
1
10 + c 2 1 ln 3
12(4x - 5)2 0
1 1
2 2 (x3 - 4x)dx = 4; no area 2
11 a 12(4x + 5)
-2
1 3 0
b - (4x + 5)4 + C formula
16 3
12 s = _ _!_ e-3t + 3f2 + .!2 3 3dx = 12; (4)(3) = 12
4
3 3 - I

Answers
8 y 1 Exercise 9M
3
2 ((x - 1) - (x - 1))dx + 5
3 1
0
2 0
((x - 1) - (x - 1) 3)dx= 0.5 V = n-(4 2)(5) 251
l
3
3 0
2 n-(6 - 2x)2 dx
- I.J3J 0 1
1.131
V= n (6 2)(3) 113
3
((xe-x' )- (x - x))dx 3 2

0 3 :rr(.J4-x 2 Ydx 33.5;

0 .3841 -2
1.18 4
((2 - x - x-2) - e-" dx V= n(2 3) 33.5
-1.952
- 0.707l
3
4 ((- .0 + IO.x-2 - 9) - 4
""' 2.68
9 Y.
-3
0.7071
4 :rr(.JI6- x
2
Y dx 134;
0
8 - 9x2))dx + ((x-4- 9x2) 3
- 0.7071 V= :rr(4 )) 134
- (- x-4 + 1O.x-2 - 9))dx +
4 3

2 ((-.0 + 10x2 - 9) -
0.7071

-4 - 2 2 4 6 8 10 X
(x-4- 9x2))dx 11 0
-2
5 a i (4, 4)
-4
ii f'(x) = _!_ x Exercise 9N
2
1 2 127
9.275 (( ) X+ 2 1 n(x3)2 dx = 1r
-- x+6 - dx m = /'(4) = 2
1.
725
2 x- 1 I 7
y - 4 = 2(x - 4) 1
281r
;::: 9.68 y = 2x - 4 2 n(x2 + 1)2 dx =
0
15
10 a b i (1.236, - 1.528) 3
81.1r
y 3 n-(3x-x fdx= - 2
4
••
II
1.236 (
±x2-(-x2) )
dx + 0 10
3 0
4 4 :rr( ..!..)2 dx = 31Z"
2 4
I X 4
1
1.236 4 ln4 . ( 2

123456x 2 .55 5 a :rr e 4

dx
0
-2 b 2
Investigation: Volume of
b i (2.Jx - x )dx revolution
0
..11 1
2 .67 or -
k 3 Interval Radius Height Volume
•
C I (2-Fx - x)dxor O :s: x :s: 1 f(1) = 0.5 1 -0= 1 n(0 .5) 2 (1) 0 .7854
1 :s:x:s:2 f(2) = 1 2 - 1=1 n(1)2 (1) ::::: 3.142
2 < x <3 f(3) = 1 .5 3- 2 = 1 n(1 .5) 2 (1) 7.069
3<x< 4 f(4 ) = 2 4 - 3= 1 n(2)2 (1) 1 2.57
Exercise 9L 4 :s: x:s:5 I f(5) = 2.5 5- 4=1 l 7r(2. 5) 2 (1) 19.63

1
J
((x3 - 2x2) - (2x2 - 3x))dx +
5<x< 6 I f(6) = 3 6-5 =1 n(3)2 (1) 28.27

0 2 7 1.5; greater

,"{J;)'dx
3 6

((2x2 - 3x) - (x3 - 2x2))dx 3 n(0.5x) 2dx 56.5 6 a

I 0
3.08 4 Volume= n-(3) (6) 2
56. 5 b e3

Answers
Exercise90 12 1 d e6 - e3
I v(t) I dt = - (2)(2) + .!_(6)(6)
1 a v(t) = 2t - 6 0 2 2 e - 20
b InS
+ .!_(4 + 2)(2) =26m f
t=3 C t=4 2 2
•t= 0 5 a 2ms-2 2
.. I I I I I I I I I I .,. S( t) 3 a (.xl - l)dx
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1
b s(t) = -P- 9t + 12 1
4 3
8 4
c (2t-6)dt = -8m; b -
0 c I ? - 9 I dt 11 9 m 3
4 2 2 1
12t- 6 I dt = 10 m 6 a 2ms-2 c (x2 - l)dx- (x2 - l)dx
0 I -J
b 2<t<10 2

2 a v(t) = ? - 6t + 8 c 28 d Jr (.xl - 1)2dx

I
b Exercise 9P
10
I 4 f(x) = - 2x+4
t- 6 2
• 1 18.4e 20 dt 239 billions
t=4 s 0 5 a 5
t =0 t =2
• of barrels b 28
s(t) 1.5
0 12 6 s(t) = 2e2' + 2t + 6
3 3 2 (1375P - P)dt 1550
6
0 7 13
spectators
c (? - 6t+ 12m;
0 3 36.5 + Review exercise GDC
6 8
IP - 6t+ 14.7 m 5te<-O.Olr' +O.I3r ' , 1 107
•0 0
240 cm3
2 a a(t) = 4t - 11
3 a v(t) = 3(t - 2? 20 b a= 1.5 , b = 4
b t= 0 t= 2 t= 4 4 4000 +
0
-133 (1- :o) dt c 7.83m
...--. - - - - , . - - - . . -+ s(t) 3 a y = 3x
-8 0 8 1780 gallons
4 b (2, 6)
Review exercise non-GDC
c 3(t - 2?dt = 16m; c
0 1 a .0 - 4.x2 + 6x + C Y.
4
3 2.
l3(t - 2? I dt = 16 m b - xJ + C 8
7 6
0
1
c - - +C 4
12 1 x3
2
4 a v(t)dt = - (6)(6)
2 2 d -5 x 3 - -11nx + C x>O
18 2 ' -2 X

- .!_(4 + 2)(2) = 12 m 1
2 e - e4 " +C -4
4
12 1 1 2
l v(t) ldt= - (6)(6) f - (x 3 + l)s + C
2 2 15 d (3x- (x3- 2))dx = 6. 75
1 1 3 -I
+ ( 4 + 2)(2) = 24 m g -ln(2x + 3) + C , x > - -
2 2 2
5
1
h 2 (ln X? + C, .X > 0
.!_
b v(t)dt = - (2)(2)
0 2 •
I
1
-(3x + 1) + C
2 2 Chapter 10
1
+ s2 (3)(6) = 11 m 2
.
1 J 21n(e + 3) + C Skills check
I v(t) I dt = - (2)(2) 3

0 2 k (2x - 5)2 + C 1 a 32 b 27 c 343

I 1 81
+ - (3)(6) =11m 1 ( '} d e
2 l - e 2x·+ C 128 256
12 1 1 2
c v(t)dt = 2(2)(2) + (6)(6) 2 a -4 f 0.000000001 or 1 x I0-9
2
0 b 16 2 a n=4 b n=5 c n=3
1
- 2(4 + 2)(2) = 14m c 8 d n=4 e n=3 f n =3

Answers
Exercise lOA Investigation - leaning tower 3 a (4, 6.67)
1 a Positive, strong of Pisa (continued) b
b Negative, weak a
,}j Scatterplot of lean vs year 14
c Negative, strong •
750 • 12 /
d Positive, weak /
10
v
.
725
• • Q)
(j)

e No correlation c::
C'O
• C'O
8
Q) 700 • • (.)
c:: VMbanPoi t
2 a i Positive
••
11 Linear • 6 /
/

••
675 /
... •
4
/ I
111 Strong 650
••
•• 2
v
b i Negative II Linear 75.0 77.5 80.0 82.5 85.0 87.5 X
/
0 'x
••• year 2 4 6 8
111 Strong Hours
. ..
c 1 Positive II Linear b Strong, positive c Strong, positive
...
111 Moderate d An increase in the number
c The lean is increasing. The
d i No association danger with extrapolation of hours spent studying
••
11 Non-linear is that it assumes that the mathematics produces an
... current trend will continue increase in the grade.
111 Zero
•• and this is not always the Exercise lOC
e i Positive 11 Linear
case.
• ••
111 Weak 1 a (x,y)=(75,7.03)
•
f I Negative Exercise lOB
.Y.
-o 12.3 •
ii Non-linear 1 a (96.7, 44.1) Q)

... (j)
C'O
111 Strong Q)
(j)

b -o
3 a Increases b Decreases Relationship between leaf length
g),
y .sc::
4 a and width Q)

70
Y Rainfall in Tennessee 60 I •
&
60 I •v 2.3 + - - - - - - - - -----=-.---...
80x
•/ 70
E M / •
I E 40
_,A 4
Temperature

b y = - 0. 96x + 79
30
20
1/
v c 7
·I- 10
0
0
I' 2 a £220000
1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 X 40 80 120 160 X b 75.4
Length (mm)
b Strong, negative c and d Note the values
c As the year increases the of m and b in the equation
2 a i 175 em
rainfall decreases. y = mx +bare
..
5 a II 66 kg approximate.
b .Y.
y
Scores 140
100 y
I'
•- 190 120
80 y= -x+ 300
• 185 /
100
• 180
/
25c:: 60 E e /
80
_@
Q)
175
b5 40 +-'

170 L
v 60
Q)

:r: 165 / • 40
20 /
160 / 20
,
0 20 40 60 80 100 X
155
;> 0
Mathematics 0 X 160 200 240
60 65 70 75
b Strong, positive, linear Weight (kg) e Approximately 70 houses

Answers
Exercise 100 Exercise lOE 4 Fifty years = 600 months, and
1 The slope is - 0.3. As a 1 a the line would predict Sarah's
student plays one more height at 50 years to be about
day of sport they do 18 14 302cm = 30.2 metres.
minutes less homework. 12 . / Clearly there is a major
They-intercept is 40,
v difficulty with extrapolation.
10 /
c:: v
which means that 0
·_.:;
/' In fact, most females reach
the average student
who does no hours of
-c::
(!)
u
c::
8
6 / their maximum height in
their mid to late teens, and
sport does 40 hours of u
0
4 / from then on their height is
homework. 2 v fairly constant. Therefore
extrapolating with a linear
2 The slope is 6. For every time 0 X
1 2 3 4 5 6 function is unsuitable.
a person has been convicted
Time (hours) 5 a (1981,694)
of a crime they know 6 more
criminals. b y = 1.84x + 1.99 b
c 8.43 (3 sf) }I Scatterp Iot ofl ean vs year
They-intercept is 0.5, •
which means that people 2 a 750
•v
/
725 .....
who have not been .Y.
c::: /
/

30 ro 700
convicted of a crime • l"
./
know 0.5 criminals on 675 v
A
average. 820 650
I I
0
0 75.0 77.5 80.0 82.5 85.0 87.5 X
3 The slope is 2.4. For ever y ...... 15
<,/7
Year
pack of cigarettes smoked per 10 c y = 9.32x - 17767
u
week there are 2.4 more sick 5 d 780m
days per year.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
X Exercise lOF
They-intercept is 7, which
Age (yrs) 1 r = 0.863. There is a strong,
means that the average person
b y = - 2.67x + 28.1 positive correlation.
that does not smoke has 7 sick
days per year. c $16085 2 a 0.789
d T he relationship may not b Strong, positive correlation
4 The slope is 100. 100 more
be linear. Antique cars are c The income increases as
customers come to his shop
often more expensive after the number of years of
every year.
50 years than when new. education increases.
They-intercept is - 5,
3 a
3 a 0.910
which means that -5 b The stopping distance
.Y.
people visited his shop in increases as the car gets
1
year zero; they-intercept (!)
(/) older.
u
is not suitable for (!)
c Strong correlation
interpretation. ,.__
4 a - 0. 887
0
•
4
5 The slope is 0.8. Every 1 I
0
• b Strong, negative correlation
2
mark increase in mathematics c Yes, Kelly's grade would
results in a 0.8 increase in increase if the chat time
. O 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 X
science. decreased.
Months of membership
They-intercept is - 10 which is 5 a 0.0262
b y = - 0.665x + 9.86 b Positive, weak correlation
not suitable for interpretation
as a zero in mathematics c 7.865 hours c No, Mo's grade would not
would mean a - 10 in d No. The equation gives increase if the game time
. - 6.1 hours of exercise! decreased .
science.

Answers
6 0.994. Strong, positive c y = - 1.29x + 9 h Not possible to find an
correlation. d r =-0.929. There answer as the value lies
is a strong, negative too far outside the given
Review exercise non-GDC correlation. data set.
..
1 a 11 b v 6 a
.
2 a w = -22.4 + 55 .5h
c 111 d 1
b 66.4kg y
2 a and b 40
3 a r=0.785
Y. 35
60 b y = 30.7 + 0.688x C/)
E 30
Q)

50 c 99.5 .0

- 40
;!::::
•
This should be reasonably
e
Cl.

.o
25
20
>
ro
03 30 • accurate since the product-
::::l co
15
u....
20 moment correlation
10
coefficient shows fairly strong
10
correlation. 5

0 200 400 600 800 X 0

4 a 1 6 X
Distance (km)
Y. Agreeableness
c 321itres 50 b Behavior problems
40 • decrease.
3 a and c N
•
•• •
}I t) 30
• c -0.797
13.6 • 20 • d Strong, negative
•
13.2
• 10 correlation
-C/) 12.8 • • e Fewer
"0 0 20 40 60 80 X
g 12.4 f y = - 10. 2x + 51.0
(_)
Q)
Test 1
.!!!.. 12.0 • g 5.1
Q)
b Positive, strong
11.6 1---1.
c high 7 a y=10.7x+121
11.2 • b i Every coat on average
10.8 • d y = 0.50x + 0.48
50 costs $10.65 to
20 30 40 X e 20.48
Age (years) produce.
5 a, c and f ••
11 When the factory
b Mean age = 34 years,
y does not produce any
mean time = 12 seconds
38 clothes it has to pay
c Approximately 11.6 s 36 /
costs of $121.
34 I ./
-3 2
' / c $870
Review exercise GDC E
0
Ll/ d 14
1 a .c v
c:: 8
26
[7
v
Chapter 11
24
v
I

22
Skills check
0
• 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X 1 a x = 90
Load (kg)
b x= 50
•
• b (4,30) d I r= 0.986 C X= 68
0 X ii (very) strong positive 70
d x= -
b As the time increases, correlation 3

the number of push-ups e y = 1.83x + 22.7 e x = 6.09 (3sf)

decreases. g 30.9cm f x = 14.7 (3sf)

Answers
Exercise 11A 10 40.7 m 2 a 70.6°
1 b = 16, A= 36.9°, B= 53. F 11 4.01 s b 17.3°
A

2 B = 50°, a= 31.0, c= 48.3 12 a 20.6° c 25.4°

3 A= 35°, a= 2.58, b = 3.69 c 35.1° d 50.0° d 39.7°
4
A

a = 36, A= 36.9°, B = 53.1°

A
3 a 0.2588, 165°
Exercise 110
A
b 0.5878, 144°
5 B = 55°, b = 15.7, c= 19.2 1 a (0.940, 0.342)
c 0.9877, 99°
6 c = 12.9, A= 41.2°, i3 =48 .8° b (0 .956, 0.292)
d 0.8988, 116°
7 X= 5, A= 22.6°, B = 67.4° c (0 .5, 0.866) 4 a 60.6°, 1 I 9.4°
Exercise 118 d (0.276, 0.961) b 25.8°, 154.2°
1 a b= l2J3, A= 30°, e (0, I) c 30.3°, 149.7°
A

B = 60° 2 a 66° b 81° d 30° 150°

'
b B = 45° ' a = 9 ' c = 9 "\fL.'2 c 45° d 14° Exercise 11F
C A=30°,a=2.25, 3 a 0.470 b 0.308 1 a 1.50 b -1.92
c 0.203 d 0.25 c -0.910 d 1
b= 9.J3
4
Investigation - Obtuse angles
2 a y = 1.09x, e = 48°
b y = 1.87x, e = 62°
d a= 2J3, A = 30°, 1 c y = -2.80x, e = 11 0°
A
y
B = 60°
d y = - 1.21x, e = 129°
(-0.766,0.643) ---'-- (0.766, 0.643)
e b= sJ2, A = 45°, e y = - 0. 75x, e = 143°
f y = 2.36x, e = 113°
0 X Exercise 11G
2 x = 8J2, y = 813 - 8, z = 16 A

1 a C=50°,a= 17.7em,
2
3 X= 2.J3 + 2 AC = 4.J3 + 2 y
c = 18.5
.J3 ' 3 b B = 68°, a= 1.69em,
A

4 x =1 AB = 3 '2L. or x = 3 ' (-0.906, 0.423) (0.906, 0.423)

b = 2.44em
' "\j
155° A A

c B = 40.9°, C = 84.1°,
AB = 11.J2
X c = 5.46em
5 w = 9.8em, x = 13.9em, ft

d A= 40° ' a= 149

y = 6.5em, z = 15.4em
)
3 c = 190
y
= 110°, a= 2.80, b = 4.21
A

Exercise 11C (-0.375, 0.927) (0.375, 0.927)

e c
1 a 10J2em 2 26.9 em
b BAC = 70.5° 3 3.37 km, 2.24 km
ABC= 38.9° 4 15 .8 m
2 a AE = 29.1, BE= 34.4 Investigation - Ambiguous
Exercise 11E triangles
b AED = 74.1 °, A A
A

EBA = 54.5°, 1 a B (0.866, 0.5), 1 C, = 62°, C2 = 118°. The

AEB = 51.5° c (-0.866, 0.5) angles are supplementary.
= 30°
A A

3 758m b B (0 .545, 0.839), 2 B 1 = 86° ' B 2 '

c (-0.545, 0.839) b, = 5.65 em, b2 = 2 .83 em
4 71.5° and 108.5°
c 8(0.707,0.707), Exercise 11H
5 4.78 km, N2l.l W 0

c (-0.707' 0. 707) A A

6 70.7 m 1 a C, = 61.0°, B , = 89.0°,

d B (0.974, 0.225),
h1 = 8.0em
7 44.8 km, 243.5° c (- 0.974, 0.225) A A

8 135 .7m, 202.2cm e B (0.087, 0.996), C2 = 119.0°, B2 = 31.0°,

9 91.2 m c (- 0.087, 0.996) b2 = 4.1 em

Answers
 b C, =71.1 °, A' 1 =5 8 .go,
A

c A = 44.4°, B = 107 .8°, 4.7r

c
9
a, =19.0 em c = 27.8°
A

l1.7r
C2 =108.9°,A2 =21.1,
A - 0 d b = 7.48m, A= 43.5°, d
6
c = 105 .5°
A

a2 = 8.0em
2 a 0.977 rad
e c = 92.8m, A= 49.4°,
B 1 =68.5°,A 1 = 9 1. so ,
C A

a,=7.3em
'

s = 60.6° A
b I .87 rad
c 5.65 rad
f A= 48.6°, B = 56.4°,
A '

B 2 = 111 .5°, A 2 = 48.5°, d 4.01 rad

c = 75 .0°
a 2 = 5.5em
3 a 150°
2 12. 1 km b 300°
A A

d C = 30.5°, B = 107.5°, 3 4.07 em, 6.48 em c 270°

b = 47.0em 4 18.8 km d 225°
e Triangle does not exist 5 043.5° or 136.5° 4 a 85.9°
f B, = 77.8°, c, = 32.2°, 6 a 45° b 20.6°
c, = 14.2em b 71.8° c 136°
A

B2 = 102.2°, C2 = 7.8°,
A
c 63 .8° d 206°
c2 = 3.6 em Exercise 11J Exercise 11M
g i3 = 26. 7°, c = 108.3°, 1 a 26.7 em2
1 a
J2
-
c = 29.5 etn b 40. 8em 2
2
h c, = 67.1°! A , = 56.9°, c 152cm2 I
d 34.1 cm 2 b --
a 1 = 45.5 em 2
e 901 cm2 J3
C= 1
ll2.9°,A2 = 11.1°, c
f 435 cm 2 3
a 2 = 10.4em
2 47.8°
2 a BE= 8m, CE= 6m, d J3
DE= 15m 3 22.7 em 2

b EAB=53 .1°, 4 a 76.7° 2 a 0.892

A

BCE= 53 .1°, b 81.4em 2 b 0.949

BCD= 126.9°,
A 5 x=2. 5 em c - 1.1 2
ABD = 98.8°,
CBD = 25 .1° 6 5.31 mm, 18.5 mm d 0.667
3 a 9.76 em2
c Given side BD = 17 m Exercise 11K
in /:::, ABD and angle b 5.45 em
A •
1 9.52 em
D = 28 .1o, and side c 50.5 em2
AB = 10, th en th ere are 2 2 39 em 4 10.9 m 2
possible triangles, fitting 3 5 radians
5 a 17.1 em2 b 12.1 em2
this data, namely DBA and 4 3000 em 2 , 220 em
DBC. c 2.63 rad d 15 .8 em
5 22.95 em2 , 21.3 em
3 b 5.80 km c 24.9 km
6 8 = 1.7,r=16 Review exercise non-GDC
d 143 .5°
7 7.96 cm2 1 7J2 em
Exercise 111 2 a 30° b 8·f3 em
1 a a= 65 .7m, B = 36.0°, Exercise lll
3 2
c = 80.0° 1 a 57r 5
A 12
b A = 28.9°, B = 52.8°, 4 10 em2
4.7r
{; = 98.4° b 5 a 25 em b 125 em 2
3

Answers
Review exercise GDC 3 ____.,.. 4
c= 8 = 3i + 8j b BA =
1 72.7 m 4
2 a (0.848, 0. 530)
0 _.,.. -7
b 72.9° d= = 6j c AC =
6 3
c (-0.600, 0.800)
-3 ____.,.. 3
3 a 54.7° b 10.9cm e= = - 3i- 6j d CB =
-6 -7
4 a 18.0 m b 34.3°
5 a 121o b 8.60 em 4 a 5 3 a 2i - 3j + 5k
6 54.1km b J10 = 3.16 b - i + 5j- 6k
7 a 3 1. 9 b 13. 9 em c J29 = 5.39 c - i + 5j - 6k
c 119 d 27.4 em2 d 5.3 d i - 5j + 6k
8 a 21.6 em e J29 = 5.39 5
b 14.5 em
5 a J38 =6.16 4
...
LM= -4
c 11 .16 em d 47. 3 em
b .J26=5.1 0 -3
c 3
5 us = 2i + 8j - 3k
Chapter 12 d 7 6 x =O ,y=7,z=9
Skills check e F2 = 1.41
Exercise 120
1 a (3, 0, 0) Exercise 128
-3 3
b (3,4,0) 1 a c = 3b
1
1 AB = 5
'
AC = -5
'
c (3,0,2) d =-a -4 4
2
d (3,4,2)
e = -5b 6
e (1.5,4,2) f = -2a
...
BC = - 10 . Any two of
2 6. 71
b They are perpendicular. 8
3 a 20cm
2 a, b, e these are scalar multiples of
b 101° - 24 each other
3 a
7 3
Exercise 12A b
1 a x = - 2i + 3j
s 8
4 t = - 25, s = -5
b y = 7j
c z=i +j - k 5 a OG = j + k
....
__..,.. 2 b BD = - i - j + k
2 a AB = .... 16
3 c AD= - i + k
_____,...,... 1
d OM = -3
... -1
,.. 2
i +j +k
... ... ....
b CD= orBC= 2 soAB =-BC
6 6 a OG = 4j +3k
-1 b
...
BD = - 5i - 4j + 3k
-8
c
...
AD = - 5i + 3k -3 -6
... 0 _____,...,..
3
... - 1 'plp3 = - 2
...
c EF = 0 d OM = i + 4j + 3k PP =
2
1 2 '
1 0 0
Exercise 12C
-3 -3
_,... -5 ... 5
3 a=
-5
= -3i - 5j 1 PQ =
-1 '
QP =
I
;p4(2' 7_3 ' 4)
-2 __,...,... - 4
b= 4 = - 2i + 4j 2 a AB = 5
-4 4 X = 3; AB : BC = 1 : 2

Answers
Exercise 12E -2 e Perpendicular
5 2 a
f
1
...
AB = 0 ; J29 = 5.39
2 P arallel
g P arallel
l
-2 b 4 - 15
____..,.. ... 8 2
2 I AB I = Jl29, I A C I = J42
)lo r;;::;; - 1.5 5 d= 1
I BC I = -v129. Two sides c
-3 3
equal length therefore
isosceles. Angle CAB= 46.8° -5 6 45°
d 7 a 94.8°
3 t= +6 15
4 x= ±JS b 16 1.6°
3
5 a= +2 e - 34
c 136.4°
-1 1
6 a 15 3 a 8i - j - 3k 8 a AB = AC =
5 ' -2
b 10 b - i + 2j + 3k b - II
c 13 c i - 2j - 3k - 11
c
Exercise 12F d 8i - 6j -10k J26JS
19 9 a 79.0°
3)
. (4)
2 2

1 4
(5 + 5 = 1 4 X=
-5.5
'y = 3
- 16
' b 90°
c ll8 .1°
2
J =1 z=
-6
10
10 a AB = JU; AC= J26
1
3 .!_(4i - 3j) 5 X= - 4.5, y = 10. 5 b cosBAC = !0!26
17 26
5
6 s=4.5,t=9,u=9 c 10.5
-1
4 -==I
J42
1
-5
4
Exercise 12H
4 a i b-a
11
12
54.7°
____..,.. .
a OA ·OB = 0 therefore
..
11 b-a perpendicular
5 I. (2i + 2j- k )
3 iii 2b - 2a
•
b J6i
1 IV b - 2a 13 A.= 2.5
6
J5 v 2b - 3a 14 A.= +9
7 _2_(2i -j) b AB is parallel to a nd half 15 p = ±3
J5 the length of FC
-1 c FD and AC are parallel
8 7
---= -3
__.,.. ... Exercise 12J
J14 5 d M X = 3MP -1 3
2 1 a r= +t
Investigation - cosine rule 2 2
cosB
9 a Exercise 121 -1 5
sinB b r= +t
1 a - 18 b 5 0 -2
cos a
b c 20 d -13 3 3
sm a
0

e - 13 c r= 1 +t -2
Exercise 12G 2 a -9 b 20 -2 8
1 a Si + j c 20 d -58
d r = 2j - k + t(3i - j + k)
b 2i + 3j e 13
c 2i + 4j
4 -1
3 a Perpendicular 2 a E .g. r = + t
5 -7
d 8i + 4j b Neither
e - i - 3j c Parallel 4
b E .g. r =
f 2i d Neither -2

Answers
Chapter 13 c e
Skills check
1l
1 a .fi b J3 3
2
fj .fi
c d - d f
2 2
fj
2 a b - 1
2
c -1 d -0.5
3 a - 1.48 b +2
e g
4 a -0.182, 2.40 b +1.14
- 21l
Investigation - Sine, cosine
and tangent on the unit circle
1 sin90° = 1 cos90° = 0 tan90°
' ' h
does not exist f
2 sin180° = 0 cos 180° = 1
' '
tan180° = 0
3 sin270° = -1 cos270° = 0 -270°
' '
tan270° does not exist
4 sin360° = 0 cos360° = 1 g
' '
tan360° = 0 For questions 3 to 8 , there are many
5 sin(-90°) = -1, cos(- 90°) = 0, other possible correct answers.
tan( -90°) does not exist
6 sin(-180°) = 0, cos( -180°) = -1 , 3 a 120°, - 240°, - 300°
tan(-180°) = 0 b 340°' - 20°' -160°
h
7 sinO = 0, cosO = I , tanO = 0 c 255°' 285°, - 105°
• 1C 1C 0 1C
d 65°, -245°, -295°
8 sm = 1, cos2 = , tan 2
2
does not exist 4 a - 35°, ±325°
9 sin1t' = 0, cos1t' = - 1, tan1t' = 0 b - 130°, +230°
. 3rc
10 sm- = -1, cos-= 0, tan -
3rc 3rc 2 a c -295°, +65°
2 2 2
d 240°, ±120°
does not exist
. 3rc 37r 5 a 230°, - 130°, - 310°
11 sm- - = 1 cos- - =0
2 ' 2 ' b 280°, - 80°, - 260°
31Z' d . c 40°, - 140°, - 320°
tan - 2 oes not exist b
5rc
...--r-... 3
d 155°, 335°, -205°
12 sin41t' = 0, cos41t' = I,
tan41t' = 0 2rc 4rc 57r
6 a ------
3 ' 3 ' 3
Exercise 13A
b 7rc _ rc _ 37r
1 a c 4 , 4' 4
1l
2 c 31t' - 4.1, 4 .I - 21t', 1t' - 4.1
d 1t' + 3, 21t' - 3, 3 - 1t'

- 1Z' + 111Z'
7 a 6'- 6
b
d
b -1, ±(1- 21t')
c -2.5, ±(2.5 - 21t')
d 31Z' + 7rc
5 ,- 5

Answers
 51l' 31l' 71l' .1C 3.rc .rc 5.rc c + 150°, +30°
8 a - - - - - C +-
- '.+
-- d +-, + -
4' 4 ' 4 4 4 6 6 d -90°, 30°, 150°
b 1.3 + 7r, 1.3 - 7r, 1.3 - 27r 3 a 0, 1r
Exercise 130
121l' 21l' 9rc b .1C 7.rc
c - - - - 1 a +15°,+165°
7 ' 7' 7 8' 8
b -165° -105° 15° 75° 2.rc
d 27r- 5' 7r- 5' -5 - 7r ' ' ' c 0 -
c 90° ' 3
Exercise 138 d + 180°
1 a 0.940 b 0.342 5.1C .1C 71Z' ll.rc
2 a - -12' - - -
c -0.342 d -0.940 12'12,.12
.1C 5.rc b
1 J3 11.rc 7 .rc .rc .rc 5.rc 3rc 4 a -- .1C

2 a b -- b - ------ 8' 8 2
2 2 12 ) 12' 4 ) 12' 12 ' 4
rc 3rc
c +-
.1C
d +-
3.rc c 0, 7r d 4' 4
c
1 d J3 2 4
2 2 6 k= 6
2.rc 4.rc b 7 .1C
3 a 0.8 b 0.6 c 0.6 3 a -- 3.rc 11.rc
7 b= 8
3 ' 3 6 ) 2 ' 6
4 4 Exercise 13G
d - 0.8 e - f 3.rc 7rc
d
3 3 c -- !!..
4 ' 4 2 1 - 346° - 194 14° 166°
h 4 ' ' '
g -0.8 2 +27°, 333°
3 Exercise 13E
4 a !!. b a c -b 3 244° 296°
1 a sJU 7 c - sJil '
b b -- 4 55°, 235°, 415°
18 18 7
d e -a f b
b 2 a 4-!5 b
1
c 4.J5
5 - 5.33, - 4.10, 0.955, 2.19
g -a h -b 9 9 6 + 1.71, 4.58
Exercise 13C 3 a Jl1 b sJU 7 -0.739
5 18
1 a -300°, -240°, 60°, 120° 8 -0.637, 1.41
b ±120°, ±240° c -7 d 5Ji.T. Investigation: graphing tan x
18 7
c -315°, -135°, 45°, 22SO j63 1
31
d - 360°, - 180°,0°,180°,360° 4 a b
32 32 Angle Tangent
e +45°, + 135°,+225°,+315° j63 measure (x) value
31163
c d (degrees) (tan x)
f +30°,+150°,±210°,±330° 31 512
3 4 0 0
2 a _11Jr _7rc
_ _rc _5rc 5 a - b
6' 6'6'6 5 5 1 1
- 30,+30
b 0, +n, +2n c
24
d
7 - J3'J3
25 25 - 45,+45 - 1,1
c +
_-1l' , + -11.rc 7 b -60, +60 - ../3 ).J3
6 6 6 a - -
25 7
d - .1C 31l' 336 527
120 -../3
2' 2 c - d - 135 -1
.rc 21l' 4rc 5.rc 625 625
e -+- ,_+ - ,-+ - , +_ - a b 1
3 3 3 3 7 a 150 -
71l' 31l' 1l' 51Z' J3
f - - - ---
4' 4'4' 4 2ab b2 - a 2 180 0
d
3 a 0°, 360°, 720° 1
210 -
b -135°, -45°,225°, 315°,
J3
Exercise 13F 225 1
585°, 675°
c -225° -45° 135° 315°
1 a 30° 90° 150°
' '
240 .J3
' ' , ' b 22.5°, 112.5°
495° 675° 300 - ../3
' c 135° 315 -1
d ±60°, ± 120°, 240°, 300°, d 45° 135°
420° 480° 600° 660° ' 330
1
' ' ' 5.rc .rc 2 a -150°,-120°,30°,60° - J3
4 a b - - --·
2 6 ) 6 b 90° 360 0

Answers
3 tan + 90° and tan + 270° 5 y 8 y
are undefined. The lim it 0

of the tangent as the angle

approaches ± 90° or ± 270° is X
I i J v
1- I I
infinite. Asymptotes are often
shown on graphs for values - 2. 'rr - 0 ') 'TT X

that do not exist. Exercise 131 l 4

1 y 2
Exercise 13H 9 y =cos( x - ; ) or
1 - 297° - 117° 63° 243°
' ' ' ' I'" TT 0 T _?_ rr x y =sin(
2 -107° 73° 253° I"
' ' i"-

3 124° 304° 4-
10 y = sinx +l
' v 7
4 38°, 142°, 398°, 502°
"" '"-, l/ "' ""- / 11 y = tan ( x- :)
5 - 5.88, - 2.74, 0.405, 3.55
2 y
6 -1.88, 1.26 12 y = cos( x - : ) - 1.5
7 4.55 ....A
8 - 4.66, 1.20, 2.28, 4.77 .... Exercise 13J
' '\
!'..
/
/
i'
r\.

' ./
v
/
.
1 y
Investigation: transformations I
•
of sin x and cos x -2n -n 0 1'\
"'
I !\. I \.
Y. 3 y
I \ I \
() -A frr X
'ftr-
< '
\ d \.
& " \ /

X
r-
2 y
A

J J J J j \ I i\
y
1 '1.17'
.."
0 ') 'TT X 1/
' 2
I

- 0 . 7- ') 'rr X
4 ''" TT

4 y "
1'-
X
J 1\ J '\
'\ 1\ I y
2 \ v \ I 3
A
11T [\. I 0 \ I 2-
v
TT
\ / I•
\
-I ..,., I
5 y
v / /
0 X - rr 15 I ') 'rr x
I
11 ! 2-
v '\ v '\
I I\ I r"\ A

3 "'n., I
. - .rr \ 0
[\,
v \ 2- 4
./ / \.. y

6 y 1/ 1\ I \ 1/ 1\ 1/ \
1 \n- -Jfrr ir 0 71,. ') frr X
0 X ' 11T - 0 \ 1 :r- '\ -;-. \ f r\ IJ:r
•
\. ,..; 1\ J
\ 7 \ v
A 5 y
4 Y. 7 y f1
\ ·"-!
" \ / 1\
11T - r;r 0 .T 2
\ / \
II /I \ '1T T 0 T
-2pr X
0 X v [..., I \ 1
-
1\.. / /
l"l J \ i/ \J \
"'

Answers
6 y 5 y d
,) /\--3-
' I I '
f'lot2 f'loU
1\
'-" 'Y1EI5.0289163842
- - - c- 1 716*sin(3.141592
- 1 .o
65359X+1.2679114
-21!
584196)+7
,., - 'Y2=
tt ,y)=
7
y
'Y't=
6
r-r
!".
I
v-
" '\0\
'

.i"X
X

" " I

21T "..;. - -....: "'"

- '?
-
,_ I"'
IJ lJ \,)
8 7
2-
1\

1 " (\

• 2 a, b
'I-
c X f'lot2 f'lot)
,y1a6.3cos<<2n/3
I

I
'""""
v
-2,_
v v v 0)(X-25))+15.6
9 y=7.5sinx 'Y2=
,y)=
10 y =cos(0.25x) 8 y 'Y't=
11 y=tan(0.2Sx)
7 'Ys:=
[\
6-
5- Vi __ 'Y6=
12 y =-3cos(0.5x) or 4-
. I c
y = sin(x J-1.5 - - -·
- -1- -- -

-
-: 7l 1!-lQ )r 2f 31rx
-
Exercise 13K
1 For questions 1 to 4, answers may vary.
Exercise 13L

1 y=3.Ssin(x- ; )-I.s ,
2 1 a,b
f'lot2 f'lot)
5
y = 3.5cos( x + : ) -1.5 ,y1a4.8cos<<2n/2 d
)X)+7 f'lot2 Plot)
'Y2=I '· y 1 El6. 3262545578
,y)= 913*sin(.2095582
2 ))-2, 'Y't= 2436245X+2.61668
'Ys:= 09677409)+15.657
'Y6= 396168126
'·Y2=I
3 y =2sin(2x) +1, c '.Y)=
y = 2cos( ))+1 1'\
I
4 ;)).

y x +: ))

Answers
3 a, b c 10.3 m 4 a P = 4, Q = 7
y
F"l.;.t2 F"l.;.n d 4.75 minutes b
,y1a0.8cos<<2n/1 -1 4
v '\I I/ \

6)(X-4))+1.3 4 a 10 l'l
' 1\. IJ
I 1\
\ 1/
J

'Y2=I / I\ /
. . Y:::= +21 6

'Y"t= b 21 gallons 2
0 X
4 8 12 16 20 24
c Early May and late
'Yti= August c t= 2, at 2: 00
d 8 hours
c Review exercise non - GDC
5 a A=2.825,B= l 2.175
1 a - 0.342
b 9 .91
b - 0.342
c 0.342
2 a 0. 643 Chapter 14
b -0.643 Skills check
c - 0.643 1 a J2
3 a +120°, +240 2
d b -1
b - 330°, -150°, 30°,21 0°
f"l.;.t2 f"l.;.t:::
'Y1S.79108923777 c - 270°, -1 50°, - 30°,90°, C
1
- -or - -
J3
501*sin(.3953953 210°, 330°
J3 3
5216474X+-.03234
-J3
211:
513225556)+1.270 4 0, -
3
,n d -
9102345355 •
2 a
2

'Y2= 5 a I a= -5, c = 0, d = 6 x = 0, n, 2 n
'Y:::= ..
II b- 2tr
- period , and the b
311:
x= - - - -
11: 11: 511:

6'2' 6' 2
peno . 8 . b = -2 11: =11:-
. d 1s 11: 311:
8 4 C X= - 1[ -

0
2' ' 2
b 4<x<8
I/ _,,{
-- 6 a
J2j
5
b
J2j
2
c
4J21
25
b 2 + ln(.x2)
- x 2 +10x + 4
7 y c
(x 2 + 4)2
I I"\ 1/ 1\ '
Exercise 13M
1 a Approximately 12 hours
-- 1...::
l'l
-- X
d
1- lnx

b 9.49 m
Exercise 14A
c 13.5 m
1 3cos x + 2sin x
d 05:30
Review exercise GDC 2
3
2 a - 3.06 °C cos 2 3x
1 a 48. 6, 131.4
b 30 °C, day 187 (about 6 2cosx
b +129, 231 3
July) sin 2 x
c -70. 3, 109.7, 289.7 4 - 2cos t sin t or - sin (2t)
c about 90 days: days 1- 49
inclusive and days 2 a - 3.36, 0.515, 2.85, 6.06 cosfx
5
325- 365 inclusive b 0.607 2Fx
3 a 46 m c ±1.89, 0 2tanx
6 ?
cos · x
b h(t) = 22.5sin( (x-5)) 3 a a = -4 b = 77: c = 3
' 2'
7 _ _!_sin x +4cos (4x)
+23 .5 b 0.667, 3.33, 4.67 2 2

Answers
8
2sin (2x) Exercise 140 5 a f'(x) =- 2sin 2x
cos 2 (2x) 1 Relative minimum:
3 '
-2)· '
+ 2cos x(- sin x)
=- 2sin 2x - 2sinx cos x
9
- 8.1Z"COS (.7rX)
(1r x)
relative maximum: ( f, 2) =- 2sin 2x - sin 2x
10 [cos(sin x)] cos x 2 relative minimums: =- 3sin 2x

11 a
3x 1 (f, I). e;, -3) ; relative b (f.-1)
b - 4cos3 x sin x
maximums: (!!:..).).
6 2
(5
"
6 '2
c f"(x) =- 6cos 2x

12 a 3cos (3x - 4) . d 1r I ) ( 3.7r I )

3 decreasmg: -" < x < JZ; ( 4 2 4'2
1
I

b - 9sin (3x - 4) 2
increasing 0 < x < !!:..; concave
Exercise 148 2 6 a i f'(x)=x cos x +sin x
down: 0 < x < n; relative
1 a =- 1 b = 2
••

y-1 = t(x-;-}y-1 -l(x-:) = maximum: ( f·1) b

11

j X '-"
'
2.03, 4.91
f(x} ii / "(2.03) :.=- 2. 71 < 0
2
y-2 = 4(x-;} y-2=- ;) 1
relative maximum
at x = 2.03
3 - 2 /"(4.91) :.= 5.2 1 > 0
4 a --
I
2
b - 2sin (2x) -1l4 -2
1l 37l
-4
IT X
relative minimum at
x= 4.91

C y+ i --13
=
4 decreasing:
7 a j'(x) = - r Sin X+ 2x COS X
5 !!:.. 51Z" 1Z" 1Z" J1Z". b minimum : - 11.6;
O<x< -,-< x< - ,
3' 3 4 2 4 maximum: 7.09
. .
mcreasmg
8 a
Exercise 14C 1Z"
-< x< - -< x <;r·
1Z" 3Jr
d (fJ) =-2 Sill
1 . 4sinBcosB
0 - r=====
4 2' 4 ' .J25 - 4sin 2 B
1 - 12sin (
concave up: . O 2sin2B
or- 2 sm -r=====
1Z" 3Jr 5Jr 71Z" .Jzs-4sin 2 ()
1 -< x< - -< x <-·
2 8 8'8 8'
(l+cosx)
concave down: b
3
4 e sin2l cos 2t 1r 3Jr 5Jr 7" f(x}
(5.05, 2.16}
0 <X < - -<X <- - < X < ;r·
8'8 8'8 '2
5 2ex sin x
1
t relative maximum: ( ;, 1}
6 --
2
-+ tant
cos t 0 1l 51T M !.!! 2n 6
relative minimums: -1 4 4 2 4
7 3e3... cos 4x - 4e3... sin 4x

8
I ( n4 I
o) I 4 ) o); -2
(1.23, -2.16}
d'(O)- -2sin 8 - -4sm6cos6
h5- 4Sif128
2
cos 2xJtan 2x -3
x points:
cosx . •
9 - - - lnxsmx 7T (37T 1) (57T I) (71Z" 1)
l) c 1 The blade is closest
X ( 8 2 8'2 8 2 8l2
1
I J
1
J the center of the
.
10 SLO X wheel when d(8) has
or - tanx f(X)
cosx a relative minimum or
2 I X
at an endpoint. There
11 a b - cos - is a relative minimum
X 2 2 1
when d'(e) changes from
I 2 X 2 . X
c - In 3x cos-+-sm- negative to positive at
2 2 X 2
- ------
IT IT 37l 1l 57l 37l 71l IT X =
8 n. Testing the
12 a= 1 b = 2 8 4 8 2 8 4 8 endpoints and critical
'

Answers
 •
numbers we find b I
4 J3-.fi; 0.159
d(O) = 7, d(2rr) = 7 2 v
and d(rr) = 3. So the 6- f',

closest distance is 3 5-
metres and it occurs Exercise 14G
4-
when the angle of 1 12.1
3-
rotation is rr.
2 6.31 2-
ii The distance is rc
3 1-
changing fastest 6
.1
when d'((J) has a • •
4 a 3.97 0 8 }Q_ ':z 14 t
relative minimum or
maximum. This occurs
b 38.3
ii 1.11 s, 2.03 s, 7.39 s,
e
when is 1.23 radians 5 a a = 2, b =.!. 8.31 s
or 5.05 radians. 2

Exercise 14E b f 2lr

2sin (l)
2x dx=8
iii No, the particle does
not return to the origin.
1 2sin x- 3cos x + C 0
Looking at the area
6 a i c =1 d =2 between the curve
3 '
2 x + 3sinC x ) + c and the t-axis, there is
ii ?rc more area above the axis
3 -cos (1tx) + C 2 6
than below, indicating
1 b i 2 that the particle moves
4 - -cos (2x + 3)+C to the right a greater
2 ii 4.25
distance than to the left,
5 sin (5x 4 ) + C
c 9.12 so it never returns to the
ongm.
6 .!.sin (4x 2 - 4x)+C
4 c 24.1 m
Exercise 14H
7 -1 e'•n3x +C 1 a v = e r cos t + e sin t l

3 Review exercise non-GDC

b a= 2e' cost
8 sin (ln x) + C 1 a 2sin(1 - 2x)
2 a -2ms- '
9 2.sin x + C 3 b 3sin2 X COS X
1C
3 b -s
2 c
10 - In(cos x) + C, cos x > 0 c -1m cos 2 t
11 a - e sin sin x+ e X Sinx cos 2 X xcosx 2
rc 3rc d
3 a i -- .Jsin x 2
b e sinx + c 2' 2
•• rc 3rc e - x2 sin x + 2xcos x
1 II - <t< -
12a f'(x)= (- sinx) 2 2 1 1
cosx f or .
b a(t) = - eint sin t + tan XC0$ 2 X s1nxcosx
sm x .
smx
cosx g (Inx)(cosx) +
= - tanx C s(t)=esin' +3
X

h - 2sin2 x + 2cos2 x or
b _ .!_[1n(cosx)J +C 4 a fo (4sint+3cost)dt
4
2cos 2x
2
2 a x 4 +cos x + C
b 4.34 m
Exercise 14F
5 a i - 2.52 ms-2 b .!.sin (3x)+C
1 J3; 1.73 ii speeding up
3
c 1
2 4· 4 --cos (4x+l)+C
b 2.51 sand 3.54 s 4
'
3 c 7.37 m
3 )3; 1.30 d .!. sin (2x 2 ) + C
4 6 a 5.82 ms-2 4

Answers
 e - - --
1
+C
Chapter 15 c n P(N =n) d p P(p)
2cos (2t+l) 1 1
Skills check 11
1 - -
36 36
f - cos (ln x) + C 1 a 5.5
9 2 2
+c
1 . 8516 2 - -
g - e""·' l
b = 14.6 (3sf)
36 36
2 39
3 2
2 a 15 7 -
6 3 - 36
h - +C 36
2+ sin x b 56
4 3
5 -
c 0.267 4 - 36
3 a 0 b 2+1t
36
3 a 1.71875 5 2
c 2 d 2 3 -
b 2.98 5 - 36
4 x=2 36
c 8.68 6 4
-
21r .Jj 1 36
5 -- Exercise 15A 6 -
3 ' 2 36 8 2
1 a Discrete -
36
1
6 y = - x 2 +cos x + 1 b Continuous
2 9 1
c Discrete -
36
7 a p = 2, q = 2 d Continuous 10 2
b 31t + 2 -
2 a b 36
12 4
s P(S = s) n P(N = n) -36
Review exercise GDC
1 25 15
1 a 4.53 2 - 0 - 2
36 36 -
36
b 1.36 2 10
3 - 1 - 16 1
-
2 a 4.93 36 36 36
b 45.0 3 1 18 2
4 - 2 - -
3 1.23 36 36 36
4 a i s'(t)= - 10sin(5t)e cos(SI) 4 20 2
5 - -
36 36
ii s" (t) = - 10 sin (5t)
24 2
5 -
x [eos (Stl ) (- sin (5t))(5)] 6 - 36
+ ecos(Stl [- lO(cos (5t)) (5)] 36
25 1
-
6 36
=50 sin2 (5t)[e cos(St) 7 -
36
-50 COS (5t)(e cos(St})] 30 2
-
5 36
= 50 e cos esc) (sin2 (5t) 8 -
36 36 1
- cos (St)) -
... 4 36
9 -
Ill 36
s' ( ;)=o and 3
10 - 3 a
36
Therefore by the second T 2 3 4 5 6
derivative test s has a 2
11 - P( T = t) 1 4 10 12 9
relative minimum at 36 - - - - -
36 36 36 36 36
1r
t = -. 1
5 12 - 21 7
36 b P(T>4)= - = -
b 14.2 rn 36 12

Answers
4 a 5 Same mean 10 a P(Z= 0) = 0.7489
s 1 2 3 6 10 6 35 b E(Z) = 70, The expected
18 amount to be won on
P(S = s) 1 1 1 1 1
- - - - -
6 3 6 6 Exercise 158 a ticket
6
91 c Lose $0. 30
1 1 = 15.2(3sf)
b - 6
2
1 3 1 Investigation: The binomial
5 a 1 b 2 X = 8,y = 8
- •
2 QUIZ
6
6 -1 3 s.!. 1 T 2 T 3 F 4 F S F
36 3
7 0.2
2 You would expect to get 2.5
4 5
3 1 questions right
27 5 a k=-
8 25 Probability that you get exactly 3
40
1 5 b E(X) = 5 right out of 5 = 0. 3125
9 a a =- b = -
8.' 24 6 a
25 X 1 2 3 Exercise 15C
b -96 1
1
a b
1
P(X = x) 0 .2 1-k k - 0.2 16
10 b 4
5 15
c 2 3 4 5 6 b 0.2 < k < 1, c d
16 16
P(C =c) 1 - 5 -6 5 1 c k + 1.6 2 a 0.329
- - -
18 18 18 18 18 7 0.2 b 0.351 P(X< 2)
Investigation - dice scores 8 a c 0.680
1 r P(R =r) d 0.649
d 0 1 2 3 4 5 1 18 3 a 0.0389
-
P(D =d) 90 b 0.952
6 10 8 - 6 4 2
- - - 36 - -36 2 16
36 36 36 36 - c 0.00870
90
2 d 0. 932
d 0 1 2 3 4 5 3 14
-
90 Exercise 150
Expected 6 10 8 6 4 2
frequency 4 12 1 1; 0.421
- 2 a 0.257
90
3 Mean = 35
18 5 10 b 0.260
4 -
90 3 a 0.851
d Expected
frequency 6 8 b 0.000491
-
0 150 90 c 0.0109
9 7 6 4 a 0.0584
-
1 250 90 b 0.9996
9 8 4 5 0.913
-
2 200 90 6 a 0.224
9 9 2 b 0.399
-
3 150 90 7 a i 0.0307
9 ••
II 0.463
b 32 ...
4 100 Ill 0.171
3
9 •
c 1 b I 0.215
5 mean= 35
50
-
9
18 9 b 16 c
125 ' ( r· u) d 1
..
II
...
Ill
0.0292
0.158

Answers
Exercise 15E 3 a 0.159 Exercise 15M
1 n=4 b 0.00820 1 8.33
2 68 4 a 0.159 2 15.4
3 JL = 49.9 and(}= 4.23
3 n=7 b 0.0401
4 JL = 71.4 and(}= 13.8.
4 9 attempts 5 a 0.742 5 7.66
5 7 times b 0.236 6 546.5 g
c 0.0359 7 a 0.389 b 34.9%
Exercise 15F 8 54.3
d 0.977
1 a 20 9 0.260
62 e 0.390 10 a 126; 33.7
b 3 6 a 0.306 b Yes (60.5%)
c 10
b 0.595 11 JL = 507.2 and(}= 7.41.
2 n = 25
c 0.285 Review exercise non-GDC
3 a 0.25)
7 a 0.311 1 a 6 b _}__
b 3.75 15
b 0.215
c 0.000795 2 a b 3
35
4 a 0.51 Exercise 151
3 13
b 38.2 1 a 0.655 b 0.841 3 x= - -
8' 64
Exercise 15G c 0.186 d 0.5 4 a 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16
1 Mean= 0 2 a 0.672 b 0.748
1 2 1 2 1 1
Variance= 0 c 0.345 b ------
8' 8' 8' 8' 8' 8
2 Mean= 7.2 3 a 0.994 b 0.977 c 7.5 d £62.50
Standard d eviation = 1. 70
c 0.494 40
(3 sf) 5
Exercise 15J 243
3 Mean= 20
1 a 0.933 b 0.691 6 0.2
Standard deviation = 3.16
c 0.736 7 a 85 b 0.023
(3 sf)
3 a E(X) = 2 477
Review exercise GDC
3 3 a 0.0668 b 15.9%
b Var(X) =
25 1 a 19
. 18 4 53.5%
27
c P(X < JL) = 0.485 (3 sf) 5 a 0.106 b 0.00118 b
22 X -5 1
5 a E(X) = Exercise 15K
5 P(X = x)
88 1 a 1.42 b 0.407 8 19
b Var(X) = - - -
25 c 2.58 27 27
c P(X < 4) = 0.332 (3 sf) 2 a 1.77 b -1.00 7
c i -$ -
c - 0.841 9
6 P(X;;::3)=0.873(3sf) ii -$7
3 a 0.385 b 1.60 2 a 0.254 b 0.448
7 a n = 26 4 a 1.64 b 0.842 3 0.0243
b Var(X) = 5.46 4 a i 0.0881
Exercise 15L
8 n = 12, p = 0.8, ii 0.00637
P (X= 6) = 0.0155 1 5.64 b 2 c 14
2 a 413.4
Exercise 15H b 432.8 5 1.44
3 a 0.106 b 0.864 6 a 8.68
1 a P(-1 < Z< 1) = 0.683
c 498.9 and 505.1 b 0. 755
b P(-2 < Z< 2) = 0.954
4 a 0.673 b 582g 7 38.9; 8.63
c P(-3 < Z< 3) = 0.997 8 a 33.3 b 0.328
5 a 79.7marks
2 a 0.272 b 0.483 b 35.8 marks c 0.263

Answers
Chapter 18 0.004 m or 0.4 em
c 2x3 3 6 72 USD = 5 + 3 = 8 parts,
Exercise 1A
3 a 4 so 1 part = 9 USD Hence 45
1 a 11 b 10 c 8 USD: 27 USD is donated
4 a 336
d 4 e 5 f 3 7 5:3:2 so 5 + 3 + 2 = 10 parts
g 16 f 3 Exercise1D 1 part= 15 items So 75:45:30
2 a 5 b 1_!_ 1 a 11 b 16 c 1 items, i.e. 75 brownies, 45
2 12 15 chocolate chip cookies, 30
c 5 d 24 211 49
flapjacks
4 d -8-1 or 2 81
3 a 12 b 540 7 Exercise 1H
2 a 4 b
c 16 d 5 - 20
9 1 5000:7000:4000 simplifies to
5
4 a 5 b 8 c 8 d 2 c 2 d - 5: 7:4 5 + 7 + 4 = 16 parts =
8
5 a 2 b 4 c 34 3 24000 so 1 part is 1500 USD
18 22
3 a b so they receive Josh = 1500 x
Exercise 18 5 7
5 = 7500 USD Jarrod = 1500
c 93 d 167
1 a fi b 2J3 c J5 4
x 7 = 10500 USD Se Jung =
2 72 1500 X 4 = 6000 USD
4 1
d 2J1Q e J10 4 a 4 b 33 3 2 12 + 18 + 20 =50 marks=
7
5 8 75 minutes so I mark= 1.5
2 a 2J3 b 5)3 c 6J2 c 4 _!_ d 1411
4 minute So 12 x 1.5 = 18
5 a 0.32 b 0.714
d 6J2 e 15)3 minutes 18 x 1.5 = 27 minutes
c 3.8 d 2.647 20 x 1.5 = 30 minutes
3 a 6 b 9 c 16J3
Exercise1E Exercise 11
d 6J6 e 75M
1 a 52% b 70% 1 a rational b rational
4 a 5$ b 2J2 c 4)3
c irrational
2 a 2.24 CHF b 0.54 GBP d rational
d - J2 e 0 c 187.57 EURd 10400 JPY e rational f irrational
5 a 11+6J2 b 5+2J6 g rational h irrational
Exercise1F
c I rational j irrational
1 576 GBP
d 4 + J3 - 4J2- J6 2 a a and g b a
2 14875 JPY
e 2 3 a 83 = 83 b 4
3 7% I 9
6 a (ffi+J7) 4 26.5% c - d -24
7 5 26542100 25
-5
b (1+2J3) 6 32 USD e -.
0 45 = - f
11
11
7 3.40 to 4.00 GBP so 0.60 GBP
c (5-JS) g -4 9 = - 36 h
><
4 8 No, 10% of 50.00 AUD is
1 1123 = 1 223
d 16+ 11 J2 5.00 AUD making a total of
900 900
55.00 AUD 10% of the new •
I1J3 b 13J3 price is 5.50 AUD so would J
7 a
3 6 be 49.50 A UD. Exercise 1J
c 12J5 1 a 2180 b 400 c 4000
5 Exercise1G
d 21 e 13
1 5:4
Exercise 1C 2 a 0.69 b 28.8 c 1.00
2 105:100
1 a 1,2,3,6,9, 18 d 77.985 e 0.06
3 21:160
b 1, 3, 9,27 3 a 2200 b 440 c 3500
4 15.6x72=1123.3 em or 11.232 m
c 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 , 10, 15, 30 d 21 e 13
5 3 km = 3000 m = 300 000 em
d 1,2,4,7, 14,28 4 a 0.69 b 28.8 c 1.00
so the scale is 1:300 000 . .:. . 1.5
e 1, 2, 3, 6, 13, 26, 39, 78 = 1 :200 000 800 -7- 200 000 = d 78.0 e 0.06
Answers
5 a 0.67 b 0.07 c 0.39 c {4, 5} 2 a
6 a 50-:- 10=5 b (3 x 4 ) = 6 d {1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6} ... I I I I
• I I I I
X
2 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
c (B - l) =0.07 2 a A= { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, b
102
18, 36} and -5 -4 -3 - 2 - 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 X
7 a 5.46 b 5.77 c 0.084
B = { 1, 3, 5, 15} c
Exercise lK I I I I ' I I I I I
b No, they have different -5 -4 -3 -2 - 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 X
1 a 1.475x 103 b 2.3 1x 10 5 elements d
Ejl I I I I I .EiJ I I I 1 )1>
c 2.8X 109 d 3.5X 10 4
c No, they have some -5 -4 -3 -2 - 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 X

e 7.35X 106 elements in common

2 a 62500 b 420 000 000 d {1, 3} Exercise 10

c 355 .4 e {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 1 a Input Outp ut

3 a 1.232x 104 18, 36} 1 2

3 a A= {17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 2 4
b 4. 515 XIQ·S 3 6
22 ... } and
C 6 .17X IQ· l 4 8
B = {20, 40, 60, 80 ... } 5 10
d 7.5x 1 o· 6

b Yes
e 3.49x 10·4 b X 1 2 3 4 5
c No, they have some
4 a 0. 00000035 y 2 4 6 8 10
elements in common
b 0. 000000089 c (I , 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8),
d {20, 40, 60, 80 ... } = B
c 0.0 1253 (5, 10)
e {17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
5 1 sec= 3x 105 m 22 .. . } = A
d y,
1o'
So 2. sec = 10 5 m 4 {xI xis all positive integers
3 8
So 1m= 0.33x1Q-5 =3.3x10·4 which are not multiples of 3}
6-
Exercisell 5 {40, 50, 60, 70, ... }
4
1 a A={1,2,3,4,6,8,12, 6 (different answers possible)
2
18,24, 36, 72} a A = { 1, 3, 5, 7, ... } and
B = {2, 4, 6, 8, ... } 0 2 4 6 8 10 X
b B = {2, 3}
c c= {2} b A={ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 2 a Input Output
9, 10} and
d D = {14, 28, 42, 56, 0
70, ... } B = {4, 7, 10, 13, 16, ... } -2
c A={1,2,3}and -1 1
e E = {-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3} 0
B = {4, 5}
f F = {20, 21, 22, 23, 24, ... } 1 2
d A={1,2,3,4,5} and 2
g G = {} 3 3
B = {2, 4, 6, 8}
2 a 11
e A={1,3,5,7}and
b 2 b X -3 - 2 -1 0 1 2 3
B = {2, 4, 6, 8}
c 1 f A={1,2,3,4}and
lr 3 2 1 0 1 2 3

d infinite B= {1,2,4,6, 7,8} c (-3, 3), (-2, 2), (-1' 1),

(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)
e 6 g A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and
B = {2, 4, 6} d
f infinite A

g 0 ..,
Exercise lN
Exercise 1M .....
1 a x< 2
•
1 a Yes, all the elements of b - 1 ;S; X< 5 I.
B are contained in A c x> 2 -3 -2 -'1 0 1 2 3 X
b No, they have elements in d - 4<x<3
common

Answers
Exercise 2A c Substituting Eqn (2) in
3 r =-
X 3 - XY +X 2 2TC Eqn (1) gives
1 a 3x2 - 2 b
y asinB
4 b= - - 4(2y + 5) - 3y = 10
c ab - 2ac + 2ab + b 2
sinA
8y + 20 - 3y = I 0
2 a 3pq(I - 2pq r) 2 (b2 + c2 - a2)
5 cos A= 2
bc 5y = - 10, hence y = - 2
b 3c(4ac+5b-1c)
32 + 9c Substituting back into
c abc(2a + 3b- 5c) 6 F=--
Eqn (1) gives
5
Exercise 28 7 Stock=Acid ratio test- 4x - 3(-2)= 10
1 x2 + 3x - 28 (Current liabi1ities)(Current 4x = 4, x = 1
assets)
2 x2- 5x + 6 Thus x = 1 and y = - 2
3 3x2 + 2x- 8 Exercise2F c 2x + 5y = 14 (1)
4 6x2 - 11x - 10 3x + 4y = 7 (2)
1 2.487
Multiplying Eqn (1) by 3
5 9x2 + 3x + 2 2 3.728
and Eqn (2) by 2 gives
Exercise 2C 3 40.073
6x + 15y = 42 (3)
1 x2 +10x+25 6x+8y=14 (4)
Exercise 2G
2 x2 - 8x- 16 Thus
1 x=4
3 x2- 4 42 - 15y= 14 - 8y
2 x=4
4 9x2 - 24x - I6 28 = 7y y = 4
3 x= -3
5 4x2 + 20x + 25 Substituting back into
4 x=3
6 4x2 - 49 Eqn ( 1) gives
5 x=5
2x + 20 = 14
Exercise 20 6 x=9
2x = - 6, x =- 3
1 a (x + 4)(x + 7) 7 X= -2.5
Thus x = - 3 andy = 4
b (x - l)(x - 13) 8 x= -2 2 a 2x - 3y = 15 ( 1)
c (x + 4)(x - 5) 9 x=3 2x+ 5y = 7 (2)
d (x + 4)(x- 2) 10 x= 1.5 Substituting Eqn (2) from
e (x + 4)(x + 9) 11 x=1 Eqn (1) gives
f (x + 2)(x - 9) 12 x= 2 - 8y = 8
2 a (2x - 3)(x - 3) y = -1
Exercise 2H
b (3x + 1)(x + 2) Substituting back into
1 a y = 3x - 2 (1) Eqn ( 1) gives
c (5x- 2)(x- 3)
3y = 5 - 2x (2)
d (4x + 3)(x - I) 2x- 3(-1) = 15
Multiply Eqn (1) by 3 to
e (3x + 2)(x - 3) . 2x = 12, x = 6
g1ve
f (7x- 5)(2x-1) x=6,y=-1
3y = 9x - 6 (3)
3 a (x - 3)(x + 3) b 3x + y = 5 (1)
Combining Eqns (2) and
b (x - I O)(x + I O) (3) gives
4x - y =9 (2)
Adding Eqn (2) to Eqn (I)
c (2x - 9)(2x + 9) 5- 2x = 9x - 6 .
g1ves
d (5x + 1)(5x-l) II = lix, hence x = 1
7x= 14
e (m + n)(m - n) Substituting back into x=2
f (4x - 7)(4x + 7) Eqn (I) gives
Substituting back into
y = 3 - 2=1 Eqn ( 1) gives
Exercise 2E
1 t =(u - v) Thus x = 1 andy= 1 3(2) + y = 5
g b 4x - 3y = 10 (1) y = -1
2y + 5 =X (2)
X= 2, y = - 1

Answers
C X+ 4y = 6 (1) 4x + 5 = 17 2x(2x - 1) + (x + l)(x + 5)
4
3x + 2y = -2 (2) x=3 (x + 5)(2x - 1)
2x 2
2x + x 2 + 6x + 5
-
Multiplying Eqn (1) by 3 x=3,y= - 1 -
.
giVes 2x 2 + 9x - 5
Exercise 21 3x 2 +4x + 5
3x + 12y = 18 (3) - 2
1 a 17 b 144 c 64 2x + 9x - 5
Subtracting Eqn (2) from 1 1
Eqn (3) gives
2 a 1 b - c - 5 4(x+2) + x(2x+l)
9 16
x(x + 2)
l Oy= 20 3 a 525.219 b 4.081
4x + 8+2x 2 +x
c 2.488 --
y=2 x 2 +2x
Substituting back into Exercise 2J 2x 2 + 5x + 8
-- ?
Eqn (1) gives 1 a 3x + 4 < 13 x - +2x
x+8=6 3x< 9 (2x - 1)(4x + 3) - 3x(x - 2)
6
x= - 2 (x - 2)(4x+3)
x< 3
2 2
X= - 2, y = 2 ... I I ' I I )>
X --
8x +2x - 3 - 3x +6x
- 4 -3 -2 - 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
4x 2 - 5x - 6
d 3x + 2y = 8 (1)
b S(x-5)>15 5x 2 +8x - 3
2x + 3y = 7 (2) - 4x2 - 5x - 6
x- 5> 3
Multiplying Eqn (1) by 2 (x + 1)(2x - 5) + 2x(5x + 1)
. x>8
giVes 7
9 X (5x + 1)(2x -5)
-2 - 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
6x+4y =1 6 (3) 2
2x +2x - 5x - 5+10x +2x
2

c 2x + 3 < x + 5 -
Multiplying Eqn (2) by 3 I Ox 2 + 2x- 25x - 5
.
gives x+3<5 12x 2 - x - 5
- -----
6x+ 9y= 21 (4) x< - 2 10x2 - 23x - 5
'
I I )' )>
Subtracting Eqn (3) from -5 - 4 -3 -2 - 1 0 1 2 3 4 X B (x+5)(x + 2) - (x - 4)(x - 2)
Eqn (4) gives (x - 4)(x+2)
2 a 2(x - 2) > 3(x - 3)
Sy = 5 x 2 +7x+10 - x 2 +6x - 8
2x- 4 2:: 3x- 9
y=1
-4 2:: x- 9
Substituting back into - ----
5 > x or x< 5 x 2 +2x - 8
Eqn (1) gives
b 4 < 2x+ 7
3x + 2 = 8 Exercise 2L
-3 < 2x
x=2 2 Please see copy attached for
x>- -
X= 2, y = 1 3 handwritten answers
c 7 - 4x< 11
e 4x - Sy = 17 (1)
-4x< 4 Exercise 3A
3x + 2y = 7 (2)
x> -1 1 27.6 em
Multiplying Eqn (1) by 3
. Exercise 2K 2 2.24 em
gives
12x - 15y = 51 ( 3) 1 a 3.25 b 6.18 c 0 3 5.032 em
Multiplying Eqn (2) by 4 2 whenx=3 15 - xl is2,when
x = 8 [5 - x I is 3 Exercise 38
g1ves
12x + 8y = 28 (4) 3 a 2 b 4 c 2 1 a Reflection in x = 0 (y-axis)

Subtracting Eqn (3) from

b Translation of [- 6, - 4]
Exercise 2L
Eqn (4) gives 3x+ I c Rotation in (0,0) by 90
1
23y = - 23 x +7 degrees clockwise
x+l d Reflection in y = x
y = -1 2
2x + 2
Substituting back into Eqn 6x + 8 2 TODO
3
(1) gives 3x + 4

Answers
Exercise 3C 4 Angle PAQ =Angle BAC d
1 Angle DFE =Angle ACB Angle ABC = APQ (parallel
Angle DEF = Angle ABC lines and corresponding
angles)
EF = BC
Angle ACB = AQP (parallel
Two angles and included side
lines and corresponding 2 a Reflex b Obtuse
so SAA and congruent
angles) c Acute
Hence x = 6 em andy = 4 em
Hence similar triangles 3 a Obtuse b Acute
2 QP= AB
Scale factor is 6 I 4 or 1. 5 c Reflex d Acute
PR=BC e Reflex f Reflex
So AB = 2 x 1.5 = 3 em and
QR=AC BP = AB - AP = 3 - 2 = 1 em Exercise 3F
Three sides are the same (SSS) So AC = 4 x 1.5 = 4.5 em 1
so congruent
5 a Angle AXB = Angle
y = s8· , z = 33· CXD (vertically opposite
3 Angle FDE =Angle angles)
ABC= 900 Angle BAX = XDC
DE=BC (parallel lines and
FE= AC =Hypotenuse alternate angles)

One side and the hypotenuse Angle ABX = XCD

a re the same in a right angled (parallel lines and
triangle (RHS) so congruent alternate angles)
x = so·, y = 40· Hence similar triangles
b XD
Exercise 3D c Query: Can't work this
1 Rectangles with sides 5, 11 out, need to know length
and 4, 8.8 of CD to give scale factor.
Rectangles with sides 5, 6.25
and 4, 5 Exercise 3E

Rectangles with sides 5, 8 and 1 a

8, 12.8
2 a Scale factor is 10.08 -:- 7.2
so 7/5
5
y=9.1 x - =6.5 em
7
7
x = 13 x = 18.2 em
5
b Scale factor is 4.5 -:- 3
so 1.5 b
y = 1 x 1. 5 = I. 5 em
x = 2 x 1. 5 = 3 em
3 a A and B
c
b A and C
c A and B
d None
e None

Answers
Diagonals Irregular Rectangle Parallelogram Rhombus Square Trapezium Kite
-
Perpendicular X X X v v X v
Equal X v X X v X X

Bisect X v v v v X
I
v
Bisect angles X X v v v X v
2 a Isosceles triangle,
parallelogram, right- (4.5 2 JrX 12) 8 Surface area= 2nr2 + 2nrh
C one:
angled triangle, scalene 3 :::: 27r4.5 2 + 27r4.5
triangle, rhombus, = 254.47 cm3 X 14
quadrilateral, kite =523.1cm2
3 Volume = nr2 h
b Equilateral triangle, 3 Volume= nrlh == 7r4.5 2 x 14
4n;h
square, parallelogram, 23=- = 890.6 cm3
3
right-angled triangle, 69 = 4nh 9 Volume= n5 .5 2h = 250
trapezium 250 :::: h
h = 5.49 em
Exercise 3G Jr5 .5 2
4 Volume= nr2h
h = 2.63 em
1 a 3. 2 + 3. 2 + 4. 3 = 10. 9 em 2120 6
H = ' = 27.000 em 10 Surface area = 2nrh = 950
b 5.5 + 2.7 + 5.5 + 2.7 2577:
New volume= n2.5 2 x 27 950
= 16.4 em -- = r
2Jrx60
= 530.144 cm3
c 7.2 + 4.2 + 4.8 + 4.2 r = 2.6 em
= 20.4 em
5 a surface area = 4nr
= 4n3.5 2 Exercise 3J
d 20tr = 62.8 em = 153 .938cm2 1
e 3.2 + 3.2 + 3.2 + 1.6n Jrr
3
Jr3. 53
Volume= 4 4-- = n:
= 14.6 em 3 3
f 3(5.2tr)/ 4 + 2.6 + 2.6 = 179.594 cm 3 ' '
'' ''
.• '
= 17.5 em b surface area = 4nr = 4n15 2
Exercise 3H = 2827.433cm2
3
1 4.5 2 tr = 63.6 cm2 . _ Jrr 3 1r 15
Voume
1 - 4 = 4
3 3 J : , X
(6.2 + 4.5) - 2 ' "
2 - 23.005 em = 14137.167 cm 3
2 x4. 3 I I

3 6.5x5.8=37.7 cm 2 6 surface area:::: 2trr + nr + 2nrh

4 5. 7x3.6=20.52 cm2 = 2n62 + n6 2 +
2n6 X 5 A(4, 9), B(-4, 2), C(- 8, - 6),
5 = 527.788 cm 2
6 2.9(2.7 +4.1) D(8, - 8)
Jrr 3
2 + (6.3 X 4.1) + (2.05 2 7r) Volume= 2 + nrh
3 Exercise 3K
2
= 42.3 cm2 :::: 2 Jr63 + n62 X 5 1 (5 , 5)
3
3 2 (-1, 1)
Exercise 31 =1017.876 cm
.d (7x7)+4(7x8) 3 (1.5, 2 .5)
1 P yram1 : -----'------'- 7 Volume of container
2 402 7
= 161 cm2 = ( x 0) = 37333.33 cm 3 Exercise 3L
3 1
2
Cylinder: 2(2.2 tr) + (4.4tr Volume of one ball 5
x 5.6) = 107.8 cm 2 = 4Jrr3 = 4n103 =4188.79 cm3 2 9.43
Cone: (n x 4 x 10) + (4 2 tr) 3 3 3 14.8
Volume of eight balls
= 175.9 cm2
(32 x8) = 33510.32 cm3 Exercise 3M
2 Pyramid: = 24 cm3 -4
3 Space left in the container is 1 - = -0.8
2 5
Cylinder: 2.2 tr x 5.6 3 7333 .33-33510.32 -1
=85 .1 5cm3 = 3823.012 cm3
2 -:::: - 0.2
4

Answers
 2 d Perpendicular (gradients Exercise 4A
3 - = 0.4
5 of 1 and - 1) 1 Bar graph to sh ow colors of
-6
4 4 = -1.5 e Parallel (gradients of 1.5) cars
-5 16
5 - =-5 Exercise 3P 14 r-
I
6 undefined -
"' 12
1 y- 5 = 3(x- 1)
-
"'
0
0
10 r-

-
8
7 =3 y- 5 = 3x- 3 .D
E 6
1 :::>
z 4
2 I y = 3x + 2
2
8 4-
2 2 y - 11 = 4(x - 5) 0
' Blue ' Silver ' White
Black Red Green
9 0
y-11 = 4x- 20 Color

Exercise 3N Pie Chart to show colours of

y = 4x + 9
1 (- 15 --16) - l =- 0.039 cars
3 y- 12 = 2.5(x- 4)
(- 7 - 19) (- 26) • Black
2y - 24 = 5(x - 4)
2 (- 7 - -19) = =- 4 g • Red
(- 2 - 1) -3 2y- 24 = 5x - 20 • Blue

3 (-4-7) = - 11 = 4.5 2y = 5x + 4 • Green

(-6--4) -2 4 y-20 = 0.5(x- 12) Silver
(16 - 8) 8 y- 20 = 0.5x- 6 White
4 (9 - 20) = - 11 = - 0 ·73 y = 0.5x + 14 Pictogram to show colours of
5 y-- 13 = 5(x- - 2) cars
5 <7 -- 13) = 20 =undefined
Numbers of cars
(17 - 17) 0 y + 13 = 5(x + 2) Black 6 6 6 6 6 6
6 (3-3) = 0 =0 y + 13 = 5x + 10 Red 6 6 6
(1 - 14) - 13
y = 5x- 3 Blue 6 6 6 6
7 (- 15 - 0) = - 15 =1.071 6 y- 1 = - 3(x- 1) Green 6 6 6 6
(-11- 3) - 14 Silver £:::, 6 £:::, 6 6 6 £:::,
y- 1 =- 3x + 3
(10 - -2) 12 White 6 6 6 £:::, £:::, £:::,
8 .....:....__ ___:_ = = - 0.4 y =- 3x + 4
(- 11 - 19) - 30 Key b. is 2 students
7 y - - 1 =- 2(x - 3)
9
(15 - -1 0) - .....:.....__.:.._
(25) = - 1. 19 2 Bar graph to show number
y + 1 =- 2x+ 6
(- 15 - 6) (- 21) of times Ida's classmates had
y = 2x- 5 visited the cinema per month
(- I8 --18) 0 - -1
10 = - - 0 8 y--3= - - -
(18 - 12) 6 2(x--4) 8-
7- r-
- 1 6
y+ 3 = - - ().>

Exercise 30 2x - 2 "g 5
0 4
1 a 6 9
3 and-, 4.5 and - y= - -
-1 - 3-
F"'

r-
2 2 E
2x-5 :E 2 -
1
b -3 and -, 4.5 and - ,-
3
-2 2
9 3 9 Gradient is
19 - 7
=6
1-

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 '
n ..
7 8 9 10 11 12
' '
n
5- 3
and - 1.5
y- 7 = 6(x - 2)
2 a Parallel (both have Pic to gram to show number of
y-7 = 6x-12 visits to the cinema by Ida's
gradient of 2)
y = 6x- 5 classmates
b Neither (one has a
- 11 --3 - 8
gradient of 2. and the 10 Gradient is =- =2
4 - 5 -- l -4
other) y - - 3 = 2(x - 1)
c Neither (one has a y + 3 = 2(x + 1)
gradient of and the y + 3 = 2x + 2
4
other - 1 of 0) y = 2x - 1
4

Answers
Times visited Numbers of 5 2 a 1
2 2 3 5 5 9
per month st udents b 1
1 !::, !::, 3 1 2 2 3
4 2 3 3 678 c 1.67
2 !::, !::, !::, Ll
5 2 2 2 4
3 !::, !::,
6 0 3 4 3 a 8
4 !::, Ll 7 3 4 b 8
8 Ll
12 Ll
Key 6 13 means 6 .3 c 9
Key t, is 2 students Exercise4C 4 a 4.82
Exercise 48 1 Discrete b 5.06
1 2 Discrete c 5.02
2 1 3 5 6 8 3 C ontinuous 5 a 497
3 00036799
4 0 12 22 2 69 4 C ontinuous b 497
5 0 4 5 Continuous c 400
Key 2 11 means 21 6 Discrete Exercise 4E
2 7 Discrete 1 a 38-26= 12
12 1 3 8 C ontinuous b 34-28=6
9 Continuous 2 a 8-0=8
14 5 8 9
15 1 2 7 Exercise 4D b 4-1=3
16 3 4
1 a mode= 1 3 a 8--7= 15
17 6 6 7
18 5 median=4 b 4--4=8
Key 1 6 14 means 164 mean=4 4 a 20-12=8
b mode = 5 b 18-14=4
3
1 9 median=S 5 a 23.5-2.45=21.05
2 2 5 6 7 8 9 mean=4 b 12.4-3.5 = 8.9
3 0 4 6 7
4 2 3 4 6 8 8 9 c mode = 2 and 8
5 2 3 5 7 8 median=S
6 2
mean=S
Key 4 12 means 42
d mode=25
4 median=25
114 4 6 89 mean=25
2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9
3 0 4 5 6 8 e mode =1 0.2
4 median=10.2
5 1 6
mean=9.42
Key 2 14 means 24

Answers
Mark scheme
Practice Paper 1
SECTION A
1 ap = - 1, q = 3 (or vice versa) A1 Al N2
b i x = 1 (must be an equation) AI Nl
ii correctly substituting the values for x, p and q
/(1) = 2(1 + 1)(1 - 3) Ml
vertex ( 1, - 8) Al A1 N2
2 a f'(x) = -2e-2x Al
f'(x) = 4e-2x AI
f"(x) = - se-Zx AI
j<4 )(x) = 16e-2x AI N4
b generalization of alternating signs (Al)
J<">(x) = (-1 )"2ne-2-' or j(")(x) = (- 2)ne- 2"' Al Al N3
3 a 6 Al Nl
b evidence of using binomial expansion (Ml)

evidence of calculating the factors 5 (x4 )2 (-2x)3 Al Al Al

2
-80x11 Al N2
. 3 2
4 a I sin 9 = .J13, cos 9 = J13 (Al) (Al)
correct substitution AI
3 2
e.g. sin 28 =2
J13 .J13
12
sin28 = - Al N3
13
..
11 correct substitution Al
2 · 2 2
2 2 3
e.g. cos 29 = 2 -1. I
.J13 .J13 .J13
5
cos2() =- - AI Nl
13
12
b tan28 = - - Al Nl
5
5 a i p=6 AI Nl
••
II q=S Al N1
iii r= 9 Al Nl
.
IV s = 20 Al Nl
9

b P(V I D') = (Ml)

29
40

9
P(V I D') = - Al N2
29
c valid reason Rl
e.g. P(A n B) -:/:. 0 or P(A u B) -:/:. P(A) + P(B) or
correct numerical equivalent thus, V and D are
not mutually exclusive AG NO

Answers
6 a correct expression Al Nl
4
2

sin (
dx,
xy,;'
0 0
b uses a correct substitution
4 2

sin(
e.g. n 11 dx = 2n sin u du (Ml)
xlz
0 0
correct antiderivative

2n
2

0
sin u du = -2 rr [cos u or - 2rr [cos ( 1
4
Al

correct evaluation
2n(cos2- cosO)= -2n(cos2- 1) Al
p = -2, q = 2 A l Al NO
7 a 0 Al Nl
b interchanging x andy (may be seen at any time) (Ml)
e. g. x = 4-y
evidence of correct manipulation Al
e. g. -y = log 4x, y = log4x- 1
I 1
f - (x) = log 4 - AG NO
X
c finding g(4) (seen anywhere) AI
attempt to substitute Ml

(t-l o g)(4) = log 4

2
1
(J - I o g) (4) = log 4 -

v-l g) c
16 (AI)
0 4) = _ 2
Al Nl

SECTIONS
•
8 a I finds the derivative o ff A l A l Al
f'(x) = 6x2 - 3x- 3 (Ml)
sets the derivative equal to 0
e. g. 6x2- 3x- 3 = 0,/'(x) = 0 Al
solves the equation
e. g. 3(2x 2 - x -1) = 0 => 2(2x + l)(x -1) = 0 => x = - I ,1
2
chooses the negative value
I
X =--
2
Al NO
••
II find the second derivative off Al Al
f'(x) = 12x - 3 (Ml)
sets the second derivative equal to 0
e. g. 12x - 3 = 0,/"(x) = 0
solves the equation Al NO
1
x =-
4

Answers
 b i reflection gives ( 1, -2) (Al)
translation gives (1, - 5) Al N2
ii reflection gives y = - 2.x3 + 1.5x2 + 3x- 4.5 (Al)
translation gives g(x) = - 2.x3 + 1. 5 x 2 + 3x - 7. 5 AI N2
9 a Shows evidence of using product rule MI
f'(x) = (x)(-e-x) +(e-x) (1) AlAI
= e-x (-x + 1) Al
= e-x (1 - x) AG NO
b /"(x) = (e-x)(-1) + (1- x) AI Al
=-2e- x +xe- x(=e -" (x-2)) AI N3
c i /'(1) =0 AI
f'(l) = _2_ A1 N2
e
••
11 applies the second derivative test AI
There is a relative maximum at x = 1 R2 NO
since f'(l) = 0 and f'(l) = _2_ < o
e
10 a recognizing scalar product must be zero (seen anywhere) RI
e.g. a · b = 0
8 2
evidence of choosing direction vectors - 2 , 2 (AI) (A1)
12 l (AI)
correct calculation of scalar product
e.g. 8(2) + (- 2)(2)+ 121
simplification that clearly leads to a solution AI
e.g. 12+ 121 = 0 AG NO
1= - 1
b i evidence of equating vectors Ml
0 8 8 2
e.g. 4 +p - 2 = - 2 +s 2
1 12 15 -1
any two correct equation Al Al
e.g. 8p = 4 + 2s, 4- 2p = -2 +2s, 1 + l2p = 15- s
attempting to solve equations (M1)
finding one correct parameter (p = 1, s = 2) Al

,.. 8
OA = 2 A1 N3
13
c i evidence of approach AI
8 9
e.g. BA = OA - OB, BA = 2 6
13 10
-1
BA = -4 Al N2
3
.. ,..
choosing correct vectors, BA and BC
....
11 (Al)
,.. ....
calculating BA • BC A1
-1 1
- 4 • - 5 = 25
3 2

Answers
 .... ....
Al Al
calculating I BA I and I BC I
I BA I =[26and I I= [30
evidence of using the formula to find cosine
25
cos()= c c =26.5° A1N4
....; 26 "\/ 30

Mark scheme
Practice Paper 2
SECTION A
1 a 0.966 (Al)
b Strong, positive correlation. (Al)(Al)
c y = 4.96x + 4.84 (AI)
d y = 4.96(20) + 4.84 = 104 gms (Ml)(Al)

2 a 4 Al
b Evidence of appropriate approach e.g. un = 329 (M1)
Correct working e.g 329 = 5 + (n- 1)4 AI
n = 82
Al
c Evidence of correct substitution
82
e.g. S = (2(5) + (82 -1)4)
82 2
(M1)
S82 = 13694.
3 a Evidence of choosing the product rule (Al)
e.g. (xcos x) + (lsinx)
f'(x) = sinx + x cosx (Ml)
b y
6
(A1) (AI)
4
2

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 X
-2
-4
-6
A 1 for correct domain, with endpoints in the correct place.
AI for approximately correct shape.
AI for local minimum in the correct place.
Al for local maximum in the correct place.

"'Zfx
4 a Evidence of substituting into the mean= (Ml)
I.!
70+ Sx
Correct substitution e.g. - - - = 4 (Al)
19 + X
b 1.33 (Al)
c 4.6 (Al)
d No change. (Al)
8
5 a Using the Sine rule e.g. . BDOO - (Ml)
sm 1 o sin30o
BD = 15.8 (Al)
82 + 102 - BD 2
b Using the Cosine rule e.g. CosBCD = 2 x x 10 (Ml)
8
Angle BCD = 122°. (Al)

Answers
9 a y (Al) (Al)
I 6
I
I
I 4
I

R
g(x)

2 3 4 5 X
-2
-4
f(x)
-6

(AI) for showing the basic shape of f(x).

(Al) for showing both the vertical asymptote
(Al) the basic shape of g(x) .
(A I) for the correct x-intercepts.
(AI) for the correcty-intercepts
b i x = -3 is the vertical asymptote.
(AI) (AI)
ii x-intercept: x = 4.39 ( = e 2
- 3)
(GI)
iii y-intercept: y = -0.901 (=In 3- 2)
(GI)
c f(x) = g(x)
x = -1 .34 or x = 3.05
d i See graph 3 .05
(Gl) (G1)

ii Area of R = (4 - (I - xf) - (ln (x + 3) - 2) dx (Ml) (AI) (AI)

0
iii Area of R = 10.6 (GI) (GI)
10 a P( G > 170) = 1 - P( G < 170) (AI)
P(G > I70) = p z < 170-155 (AI)
10
P(G > 170) = 1 - <t> (1.5) = I - 0.9332 AIN3
= 0.0668
b z= - 1.2816
Correct calculation (A1)
(e.g. X= I55 + - 1.282 X 10) (AI)
x= I42 A1 N3
c Calculating one variable (AI)
e.g. P(B < r) = 0.95, z = 1.6449
r = 160 + 1.645(I2) = 179.74
= 180 AI N2
Any valid calculation for the second variable, including (AI)
use of symmetry
e.g. P(B < q) = 0.05, z = -1.6449
q = 160- 1.645(12) = 140.26
The following symbols
= 140 AI N2
are used in this mark
d P(M ( I (B > 170)) = 0.4 X 0.2020, P(F ( I (G > 170))
= 0.6 X 0.0668 scheme: (AI)(AI)
P(H > I70) = 0.0808 + 0.04008 Girls' height
AI
= O.I2088 = O.I2I (3 sf) G N(155, 102), AI N2
boys' height
8 N(160, 122).
Height H, Female F,
Male M.

Answers