OVERVIEW OF API 2000

Greg Berdine, Sales Manager

Agenda
Background
Scope & boundary conditions of standards
Required outbreathing venting capacity
Required inbreathing venting capacity

Sizing and selection example

Emergency case sizing
Production testing
Final notes
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Background
Similar standards in existence
API2000
Has been an industry standard worldwide since being
published in 1952
EN14015
The European Union developed and released this standard
based on industry studies in 2004
ISO28300
Released in 2008 with the intention that it would be adopted
by countries, local regulators, manufacturers, and end users
worldwide, replacing the current API 2000 and EN 14015
documents

The purpose of these standards is to provide guidance to sizing and

selecting venting devices for atmospheric and low pressure storage
tanks
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Background
The API PRS committee has voted to co-brand API2000
6th edition and ISO28300 using the published ISO
document, meaningAPI2000 6th edition is the same as
ISO28300.
The previous Determination of Normal Venting
Requirements section of API 2000 (5th edition) is
included in Appendix A of the 6th edition. Thus the 6th
edition of API 2000 has two methods for determining
normal venting requirements.
The 6th edition of API 2000 was published by Nov.2009

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Co-Branded Standard

Venting of Atmospheric and LowPressure Storage Tanks

API STANDARD 2000
6TH EDITION, NOVEMBER 2009

ISO28300 (IDENTICAL) Petroleum, petrochemical

and natural gas industries Venting of
Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks

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Scope
Normal and emergency vapor venting requirements for
aboveground liquid petroleum storage tanks
Covers the causes of overpressure and vacuum, determination
of venting requirements, means of venting, selection and
installation of venting devices, and testing and marking of relief
devices
Can also be applied to tanks containing other liquids; however,
sound engineering analysis and judgment must be used when
applied to tanks containing other liquids
Does NOT apply to external floating roof tanks

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Boundary Conditions Comparison

API 2000 6th edition [main body]

Full vacuum through 15 psig (1.034 barg)

Aboveground tanks for liquid petroleum or petroleum products and
aboveground and underground refrigerated storage tanks
Fixed roof tanks
No limit on tank volume
Insulation considered for regular and emergency venting

API 2000 6th edition [Appendix A]

Full vacuum through 15 psig (1.034 barg)

Aboveground tanks for liquid petroleum or petroleum products and
aboveground and underground refrigerated storage tanks
Fixed roof tanks
Tank volumes up to 180,000 barrels (28,618m3)
No insulation factor considered for regular venting

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NORMAL VENTING:
OUTBREATHING SIZING

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API 2000 6th edition [main body]

Required Outbreathing Flow Capacity
Fluid Movement
Based on storage temperature and vapor
pressure of liquid and input flow rate
Required flow capacity (NCMH) = Pump In
(m3/h)
Thermal Effects
Based on installation latitude, tank volume,
and insulation
Required flow capacity (NCMH) = Y*VTK0.9*Ri
Y = Latitude factor (from table at right)
VTK = Tank volume (m3)
Ri = Insulation factor (separate formula) if
no insulation use 1
Total Required Outbreathing Flow Capacity
Sum of the liquid movement and thermal
effects

Latitude

Below 42

0.32

Between 42 and 58

0.25

Above 58

0.2

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API 2000 6th edition [Appendix A]

Required Outbreathing Flow Capacity

Fluid Movement
Based on boiling point / flash point of liquid, and input
flow rate
Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = Pump In (m3/h) * X
X = Liquid Factor from table at right
Thermal Effects
Based on Tank Volume, Boiling Point, and Flash Point of
liquid
Use table as shown below
Total Required Outbreathing Flow Capacity
Sum of the Liquid Movement and Thermal Effects

Flash / Boiling Point

Flash Point >= 37.8 C

1.01

Boiling Point >= 148.9 C

1.01

Flash Point < 37.8 C

2.02

Boiling Point < 148.9 C

2.02

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Outbreathing Comparison
Required Normal Pressure (Outbreathing) Venting Capacity Comparison
(Total Required
Flow
vs. Tank Volume)
Current API
2000 versusCapacity
Future API 2000 (ISO 28300)
3500
API 2000 6th Ed. [main body]
API 2000 6th Ed. [Appendix A]

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

79
15
9
31
8
47
7
63
6
79
5
15
90
23
85
31
80
39
75
47
70
55
65
63
59
71
54
79
49
95
39
11
12
9
12
71
9
14
30
9
15
89
9
19
07
8
22
25
8
25
43
8
28
61
8

16

0
10

Required Venting Capacity (NCMH)

3000

Tank Volume (Cubic Meters)

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Normal Venting: Inbreathing Sizing

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API 2000 6th Edition [main body]

Required Inbreathing Flow Capacity

Fluid Movement
Based on output flow rate
Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = Pump Out (m3/h)
Thermal Effects
Based on installation latitude, vapor pressure, average storage temperature, tank
volume, and insulation
Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = C*VTK0.7*Ri
C = Latitude / Vapor Pressure / Average Storage Temperature Factor (from
table at right)
VTK = Tank Volume (m3)
Ri = Insulation Factor (separate formula)
Total Required Inbreathing Flow Capacity
Sum of the Liquid Movement and Thermal Effects
Latitude

C-Factor for Given Conditions

Vapor Pressure
Hexane or Similar

Vapor Pressure
Higher than
Hexane or
Unknown

Average Storage Temperature ( C)

<25

>25

<25

>25

Below 42

6.5

6.5

6.5

Between 42 and 58

2.5

Above 58

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API 2000 6th Edition [Appendix A]

Required Inbreathing Flow Capacity

Fluid Movement
Based on boiling point, flash point of liquid, and output
flow rate
Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = Pump Out (BPH) * X
X = Liquid Factor from table at right
Thermal Effects
Based on Tank Volume, Boiling Point, and Flash Point of
liquid
Use table as shown below
Total Required Inbreathing Flow Capacity
Sum of the Liquid Movement and Thermal Effects

Flash / Boiling Point

Flash Point >= 37.8 F

0.94

Boiling Point >= 148.9 F

0.94

Flash Point < 37.8 F

0.94

Boiling Point < 148.9 F

0.94

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INBREATHING COMPARISON
Required Normal Vacuum (Inbreathing) Venting Capacity Comparison
(Total Required
Flow
Capacity
vs.28300)
Tank Volume)
Current API
2000 versus
Future API 2000 (ISO
7000
API 2000 6th Ed. [main body]
API 2000 6th Ed. [Appendix A]

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

28
61

25
43

22
25

19
07

15
89

14
30

12
71

11
12

95
39

79
49

71
54

63
59

55
65

47
70

39
75

31
80

23
85

15
90

79
5

63
6

47
7

31
8

15
9

79

16

0
10

Required Venting Capacity (NCMH)

6000

Tank Volume (Cubic Meters)

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Why is it Necessary to Have so Much Vacuum

Protection?
Typical tank failures happen under vacuum conditions (implosion)
Tank rupture under positive pressure is less frequent due to the
tank being designed properly for this condition

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SELECTION EXAMPLE

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Example Process Conditions

API 650 Vertical Tank (not insulated)
Volume = 12,734 m3
MAWP/MAWV = 20 mbar / -10 mbar
Pump In = 795 m3/h
Pump Out = 1272 m3/h
Texas Installation, Storing Hexane at 15 C
Utilize Model 1220A (Vent to Header)
Set Pressure = 10 mbar
Set Vacuum = 5 mbar
*This example was used in a presentation during an ISO
Working Group meeting in Braunschweig, Germany

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VALVE SELECTION
Groth Model 1220A Rated Flow Capacities
Set Pressure = 10 mbar, flow at 100%
Overpressure
6 = 3,100 NCMH
8 = 4,880 NCMH
10 = 7,960 NCMH
12 = 10,300 NCMH
Set Vacuum = 5 mbar, flow at 100%
Overpressure
6 = 1,450 NCMH
8 = 2,350 NCMH
10 = 3,810 NCMH
12 = 5,390 NCMH

Required Outbreathing Flow Capacity

Appendix A = 3,089 NCMH
Main Body = 2,407 NCMH

Required Inbreathing Flow Capacity

Appendix A = 2,671 NCMH
Main Body = 6,246 NCMH

Thus, a tank sized per API2000 Appendix A

would require one (1) 10 Model 1220A while a
tank sized per API 2000 Main Body would
require two (2) 10 Model 1220A

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Emergency Case Sizing

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Required Emergency Flow Capacity

The sizing for emergency relief valves has NOT CHANGED
Sizing is based on tank volume, flash point / boiling point of
liquid, insulation, latent heat of vaporization, wetted surface
area, design pressure, and temperature of relieving vapor.
One of two methods can be used to calculate required
emergency flow capacity; one which requires little knowledge
of the process (typically conservative), and one which requires
very detailed knowledge of the process and typically requires
much less flow capacity

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Emergency Venting Guidelines

API 2000 specifies two methods of calculating required
emergency flow capacity, one method requires detailed
knowledge of process while other is used when a lesser
degree of accuracy is tolerable
When determining required emergency flow capacity,
full credit may be taken for the flow capacity provided
for normal venting, can also assume no liquid movement
in tank

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Production Testing

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Production Testing Requirements

All products must be tested for set
pressure and seat leakage at the
factory, prior to shipment
Set pressure definition is now included

Seat leakage testing parameters

defined

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Final Notes

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Final Notes
Existing installations WILL NOT be required to
change installed vent valves due to changes in
the standard, however, the API and ISO
committees highly recommend an evaluation

of all installations to determine if they are at

risk.

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Final Notes
Production testing section was included to identify the tests
that MUST be executed at the factory
Leakage testing is now a required test, Groth has
conducted this test on ALL valves for several years.
Definition of set pressure is now published

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Where do I look?

Where in API 2000 Rev.6 can I find

out what these significant changes
were based on?

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Annex D

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Annex E

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Annex E

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Annex E

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Reminder

Groth Corporation nor our competitors

developed the requirements of API2000 Rev.6.,
however as one of the top GLOBAL suppliers of

this type of equipment, it is up to us to us to be

the regulation experts to our customers.

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