Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources:
Andrew Jackson. N.d. Papers of Andrew Jackson. Papers of Andrew Jackson. University of
Tennessee. Web. 4 Feb. 2015.
This painting showed an image of Andrew Jackson. It acts as a visual aid, and is used in a
gallery under the tab Indian Removal Act.
Benton, Jesse. "Murder Will Out!" We The People [Nashville] 13 Oct. 1828: n. pag. Print.
This newspaper article consists of a common man expressing his thoughts on Andrew
Jackson. The article also provides some information on cruel acts that Jackson has done.
In addition, it reveals a negative view on Andrew Jackson through the eyes of a common
man.
Brady, Mathew. John C. Calhoun. N.d. N.p.
This photograph was put under the tab Different Views. The purpose of the photograph
was to provide the viewer with a visual image of what Calhoun looked like.
Chief John Ross. N.d. Smithsonian Institution. Legends of America. Web. 4 Feb. 2015.
This photograph was a picture of Chief John Ross, a leader of the Cherokee Tribe. It was
used under the Different Views tab. This photograph was used in the website to show
the viewer what John Ross looked like.
Cherokee Delegation. Digital image. Ridge Watie Photographs. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Feb. 2015.
This image was used in the slideshow under the The Indians Fight Back tab. It showed
an image of an example of a Cherokee delegation.
Compromise Tariff of 1833 (1833). Print.
This tariff was used in the slideshow under the tab Nullification Crisis. It provided
information on how the Nullification Crisis was solved, and what made both Jackson and
South Carolina happy.
"Davy Crockett on the Removal of the Cherokees." Letter to Charles Schlutz. 25
Nov. 1834. MS. Washington City
This letter was written by Davy Crockett to Charles Schultz. It provided Crocketts
opinion on the Indian Removal Act. It also showed a different point of view on the Indian
Removal Act, as well as a different opinion on Andrew Jackson.
Former President Martin Van Buren. between 1840 and 1862. Library of Congress. Library of
Congress. Web. 4 Feb. 2015.

This photograph was of President Martin Van Buren. The purpose of this photograph is
to provide a visual image of Van Buren. This image is used under the tab Second Bank
of the United States.
General Andrew Jackson Reviewing His Troops. 18--. Florida Memory. Florida Memory. Web.
7 Feb. 2015.
This engraving was used in the slideshow under the tab Nullification Crisis. It provided
a visual of Andrew Jackson as a General and his troops.
Hall, Henry B. Battle of New Orleans. N.d. Army.Mil. Web. 3 Feb. 2015.
This painting provided a visual of what the Battle of New Orleans looked like. It showed
the battle through the eyes of somebody that was around at that time period to see the
battle.
Hillhouse, James. "Speech, in the Senate, on the Bill Making Further Provision for Enforcing the
Embargo." Baltimore. 21 Dec. 1808. Indiana University's Online Library Catalog. Web.
8 Feb. 2015.
This speech provided information on why some people thought that the Embargo Act was
a bad idea. It provided information on why the Embargo Act could be harmful to the
trade of the United States.
Huddle, William H. David Crockett. 1889. TSLAC. Texas State. Web. 4 Feb. 2015.
This painting acted as a visual aid. It showed what Davy Crockett looked like. This
painting was put under the tab Opposers.
In Your Pocket. N.d. A campaign poster for the Republican Party.
This campaign poster helped to express the views and ideas of the Republican Party. It
better explained why people opposed the tariffs, such as the Tariff of 1828 and 1832.
Jackson, Andrew. First Inaugural Address. Washington D.C. 4 Mar. 1829. Address.
This inaugural address consisted of Andrew Jackson making a speech about his plans and
ideas for America. It provided Jacksons goals for the future and the ways in which he
planned to accomplish them.
Jackson, Andrew. Letter to John C. Calhoun. 30 May 1830. MS. N.p.
This letter was written to Senator John C. Calhoun and it discussed the relationship
between Calhoun and Andrew Jackson, specifically during the time of the Nullification
Crisis. It also provided information on Andrew Jacksons thoughts on Judge William H.
Crawford.

Jackson, Andrew. Letter to Martin Van Buren. 13 Jan. 1833. MS. Washington.
This letter was private, so it revealed Andrew Jacksons true thoughts about the
Nullification Crisis. It revealed his feelings, and some actions that he planned to take. It
also discussed what his thoughts about secession.
Jackson, Andrew. Letter to Samuel Swartwout. 16 May 1825. MS. Hermitage, Tennessee.
This letter discussed Jacksons views on Henry Clay. It gives insight into the opposition
between Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson. It also gives insight into the reasons for such
opposition.
Jackson, Andrew. "To The Cherokee Tribe of Indians East of the Mississippi River." Letter to
Cherokee Indians. 16 Mar. 1835. MS. N.p.
This letter provided Jacksons view and on the Indian Removal Act, and his reasons for
why the Indian Removal Act was needed. This letter also revealed information on
Andrew Jacksons personality.
Jackson, Andrew. "To The Second Division." Letter to Second Division. 7 Mar. 1812. MS. N.p.
This letter gave information on Jackson as a general in the War of 1812 rather than as a
president. It consisted of Andrew Jackson trying to convince other men to join the war
effort. It also provided Jacksons views on war, and why he believed they needed to fight.
Jackson, Andrew. "Veto Message." Letter to Senate. 10 July 1832. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print.
This message to the Senate gave Jacksons opinions on why he thought the renewal of the
charter of the Bank of United States was a bad idea. It explained why he thought that it
was unconstitutional.
Jackson Forever Campaign Poster. Digital image. Logos Kai Apokalupsis. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Feb.
2015.
This image displayed a campaign poster that supported Jackson. It was used under the tab
Supporters It showed how people who supported Jackson thought of him.
Jackson's Poster of 1828. Digital image. A History of Graphic Design. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Feb.
2015.
This image showed a campaign poster for Jackson during the time of the election of
1828. The image was used under the tab Supporters. It showed some strengths and
beliefs of Andrew Jackson. It helped to show what Andrew Jackson really stood for.
"King Andrew the First." Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Dec. 2014.
This political cartoon was an image of Andrew Jackson portrayed as a king. It showed

a different perspective of him. It shows that some people think of Jackson not as a
champion of the common man, but as a king like King George III. Also, this political
cartoon is an example of propaganda used against Andrew Jackson.
Ross, John. Cherokee Protest of the New Echota Treaty. Digital image. National Archives. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 3 Feb. 2015.
This image was in the slideshow under the The Indians Fight Back tab. It provided an
example of how the Cherokees chose to protest in what they believed was wrong.
Ross, John. "Our Hearts Are Sickened." Letter to Andrew Jackson. N.d. MS. N.p.
This letter helps to see how the Cherokees viewed the Indian Removal Act. It was very
insightful as it provided information on how it affected the Cherokee tribe and why this
act is so unfair to them. It provides information in the point of view of Chief John Ross.
Smith, W. M., and Robert Y. Hayne. "Protest." Letter to Federal Government. N.d. MS. South
Carolina.
This letter of protest was helpful as it showed the views of the people, specifically in
South Carolina, on the tariffs. This letter also explained why the people in South Carolina
thought nullification was appropriate.
Unknown Eyewitness. "Battle of New Orleans." EyeWitness to History. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
This description was helpful as it showed the battle through the eyes of somebody that
was actually there. It helped to visualize what the battle looked like, what happened, and
how it ended.
Vannerson, Julian. Henry Clay, Salt Print. 1848. Be-Hold. Web. 4 Feb. 2015
This daguerreotype of Henry Clay helps to show what Henry Clay looked like. It
provides a visual. This image was placed under the tab Opposers.
Whitcombe, T. Capture of the Chesapeake. 1813. Naval Academy Museum. The War of 1812.
PBS. Web. 7 Feb. 2015.
This painting was used in the slideshow under the tab Battle of New Orleans. It showed
a picture of one of the British ships. It helped to illustrate the Royal Navy.
Secondary Sources:
"American President: Andrew Jackson: A Life in Brief." Miller Center. Miller Center, n.d. Web.
20 Oct. 2014.
This website offered information about Andrew Jacksons campaigns and elections, his
life before and after the presidency, domestic and foreign affairs, family life, and his
impact and legacy. It was a wonderful overview of Andrew Jacksons life.

"Andrew Jackson." Presidents of the United States (POTUS). N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2014.
This website provided multiple quick facts. It also discussed the jobs that Andrew
Jackson had before he served as president, as well as the presidential election results.
Billings, Hammatt. Battle of New Orleans January 8th 1815. 1882. Library of Congress. Library
of Congress. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
This engraving was used in a gallery under the tab Important Events. It represented the
Battle of New Orleans.
Britain. Digital image. Visit Britain. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2015.
This image was used in the slideshow under the tab Battle of New Orleans. It provided
a visual for Britain, and helped the viewer to better understand who America was fighting
in the War of 1812.
"Digital Collections." Digital Collections and Servies (Library of Congress). N.p., n.d. Web. 08
Feb. 2015.
This website provided many primary sources. Specifically, it provided multiple primary
and secondary photos and artworks of Andrew Jackson and other events.
Feller, Daniel. "Andrew Jackson." Telephone interview. 24 Oct. 2014.
The interview provided specific information and details on many important events such
as the Nullification Crisis, the Indian Removal Act, and the Battle of New Orleans. The
interviewee also discussed many different opposing views and perspectives on Andrew
Jackson.
Indian Removal Act: The Trail of Tears. Indian Removal Act. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Feb. 2015
This video provided information on the Indian Removal Act. It explained how it was
caused, how the Cherokees and other Indians responded, and the effects of the Indian
Removal Act. It also explained Jacksons role in the Indian Removal Act and the Trail of
Tears.
Jordan, Ansley. Democrats vs. Republicans. Digital image. The Shofar. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb.
2015
This image was used under the tab Leadership and Legacy. The purpose of this image
is to show how the two political parties created by Andrew Jackson can still be seen
today.
Judge mallet. Digital image. District Courts of Haryana. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Feb. 2015.
This image served as a background on the slideshow on the page named The Indians

Fight Back. It purpose in the website was to represent the court system.
Kurz, and Allison. Battle of New Orleans. 1890. Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Web.
8 Feb. 2015.
This artwork provided a visual of Jackson and his troops during the Battle of New
Orleans. It was used under the tab Battle of New Orleans.
Lindneux, Robert. The Trail of Tears. 1942. Granger Collection, New York. Africans in
America. Pbs. Web. 4 Feb. 2014.
This painting commemorates the suffering of the Cherokee people under forced removal.
It helped to provide a visual of what the Trail of Tears looked like. It also shows how
much the Cherokees were suffering and the conditions they had to survive through.
Moran, Percy E. Battle of New Orleans. 1910. Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Web. 8
Feb.
2015.
This painting showed an image of Jackson and his troops fighting the British at the Battle
of New Orleans. It also provided a visual of the wall that Jacksons troops built to hold
off the British. This picture was put under the tab Battle of New Orleans.
Nikater. Trail of Tears Map. Digital image. Handbook of North American Indians. N.p., n.d.
Web. 4 Feb. 20155
This image showed a map of the trails that all five Indian Tribes were forced go on. It
acted as a visual aid and emphasized the struggles of the Indians. It did this by showing
the distance that the tribes had to travel.
Orders in Council. Digital image. Orders in Council. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
This image was used in the slideshow under the tab Battle of New Orleans. It served as
a visual for the 1807 Orders in Council.
Parsons, Lynn H. The Birth of Modern Politics: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and the
Election of 1828. N.p.: Oxford UP, 2009. Print.
This book provided useful information on the elections of 1824, 1828, and the Corrupt
Bargain. It also provided charts of the exact results of the two elections, which helped to
see which presidential was more popular within the people.
Phillibrown, Thomas. Battle of New Orleans. 1858. Library of Congress, New York. Library of
Congress. Johnson & Fry. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
This engraving provided a visual image of the Battle of New Orleans. It was used under
the tab Battle of New Orleans.

Sherrow, Victoria. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia: Native American Rights. Springfield, NJ:
Enslow, 1997. Print.
This book provided useful information on the case Cherokee Nation v. Georgia. Also, the
front cover of the page was used as a picture in the gallery under the tab Indian Removal
Act.
South Carolina. Digital image. GreenwichMeanTime. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2015.
This image showed a map of South Carolina. It was used in the slideshow to provide a
visual of what South Carolina looked like, and which state wanted to secede from the
Union.
Standley, Max D. Forced Move. N.d. Max D. Standley. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
This oil painting was used in a gallery under the tab Important Events. It represented
the Indian Removal Act. It showed how the Indians were forced to move by the
Americans.
Stuckey, Sterling, Linda Kerrigan. Salvucci, and Judith L. Irvin. Call to Freedom. Austin, TX:
Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2003. Print.
This textbook provided information on the Indian Removal Act, and specifically the Trail
of Tears. It gave information on the reactions of Andrew Jackson as well as the Indians. It
told the different perspectives on the matter.
The Corrupt Bargain of 1824. By Ben Kinker and Katey Pierini. Youtube. N.p., 29 Dec. 2012.
Web. 4 Feb. 2015
This video provided information on the Corrupt Bargain of 1824. It explained about the
election of 1824, and how Jackson responded. It also explained the bargain between
Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams.
Twenty Dollar Bill. Digital image. Coin Talk. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
This image was placed under the tab Leadership and Legacy. It helped to show and
example of how Andrew Jackson can still be seen today.
Two Minute Supreme Court Cases: Cherokee Nation v. Georgia. Youtube. N.p., 14 May 2013.
Web. 4 Feb. 2015.
This video provided information on the Supreme Court case Cherokee Nation v. Georgia.
It explained what provoked the case, what each side thought, and what the Judges final
decisions were.
Viola, Herman J. Andrew Jackson. New Haven: Chelsea House, 1986. Print.
This book gave extensive and thorough information about Andrew Jackson from his birth

to his death. Along with the information were pictures on almost every page that
illustrated the text. Added to the text and pictures, the book contained a detailed essay on
leadership.
Watson, Harry. "Andrew Jackson." Email Interview. 15 Jan. 2015.
This interview answered many questions about Andrew Jacksons relationship with other
political leaders at the time. It also gave information on how people viewed Andrew
Jackson, and why people viewed him that way. The interviewee also explained some of
Andrew Jacksons accomplishments.
Whitelaw, Nancy. Andrew Jackson: Frontier President. Greensboro, NC: Morgan Reynolds,
2001. Print.
This biography provided a very beneficial section at the end covering the legacy of
Andrew Jackson. The section discussed the different views of legacy that Andrew
Jackson left. It also discussed the reasons for why some people view Jackson in a positive
way and why some people view Jackson in a negative way.
Winterman, Denise. Outline of Britain and France. Digital image. BBC News UK Magazine.
BBC, n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
This image provided a visual of the countries that America was banned to trade with
under the Non-Intercourse Act. I was used in a slideshow under the tab Battle of New
Orleans.