A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for Computing

Disjoint Lightpaths Pairs in MinimumIsolated-FailureImmune WDM Optical Networks

ABSTRACT
A fundamental problem in survivable routing inwavelength division multiplexing
(WDM) optical networks is thecomputation of a pair of link-disjoint (or node-disjoint)
lightpathsconnecting a source with a destination, subject to the wavelengthcontinuity constraint.
However, this problem is NP-hard whenthe underlying network topology is a general mesh
network. As a result, heuristic algorithms and integer linear programming (ILP)formulations for
solving this problem have been proposed. Inthis paper, we advocate the use of 2-edge connected
(or 2-nodeConnected) subgraphs of minimum isolated failure immune networksas the underlying
topology for WDM optical networks.We present a polynomial-time algorithm for computing a
pair ofLink-disjoint lightpaths with shortest total length in such networks.

INTRODUCTION:
Optical networks implemented using wavelengthdivision multiplexing (WDM)
techniques are consideredpromising candidates for backbone high-speed widearea networks.
Among other things, wavelengthrouting allows logical topologies to be built on top of
physicaltopologies to reflect the traffic intensities between the variousnodes as well as to provide
reliable services by allowing forreconfiguration in the event of failures.In a WDM optical
network, each fiber link can carry manywavelengths. A WDM network is modeled by an
undirectedgraph , where is the set of vertices, denotingnodes in the network; is the set of edges,
denoting links (oroptical fibers) in the network; is the set ofwavelengths, and is the set of
wavelengths availableon link . The terms vertices and nodes are used interchangeably,as well as
edges and links. In this model, each undirectededge in the network represents a bidirectional link
connection. Whenever a link is used by a connection, it isoccupied in both directions.In WDM
networks, data packets are transmitted along lightpaths. A lightpathsbetween nodes andon
wavelength is an path in thatuses wavelength on every link of path. We assumethat the nodes
do not have wavelength converters, and as a consequence, each lightpaths must maintain the
same wavelengththroughout the entire path. This is known as the wavelength continuity
constraint.Cuts in fibers are one of the most common failures in opticalnetworks, while failures
of routers are also possible. Sinceoptical links carry a very high volume of data, survivabilityis
important. Hence, survivable lightpaths routing has beenextensively studied. In the rest of this
section, we give a briefoverview of survivable lightpaths routing, introduce minimumisolated
failure immune networks, state the problem to bestudied and our contributions, and differentiate
our work fromclosely related work.Disjoint Lightpaths Routingto tolerate a single link (node,
respectively) failure inthe network, the path protection scheme of fault managementestablishes
an active lightpathsand a link-disjoint(node-disjoint, respectively) backup lightpaths, so that in
theevent of a link failure (node failure, respectively) on the activelightpaths, data can be quickly
rerouted through the backuplightpaths. In the dedicated path protection scheme, each
activelightpaths has a dedicated backup lightpaths no two backup lightpaths share a common link
on a common wavelength. Inthe shared path protection scheme, two backup lightpathsmay share
a common link on a common wavelength, as long as the corresponding active lightpaths do not
share a commonlink.Isolated Failure Immune NetworksIn order to provide network survivability,
a price to pay isredundancy. Complete graphs offer the most survivability, but have the highest
redundancy. Trees have no redundancy (amongconnected networks), but offer no survivability. A
ring networkcan survive a single node failure or a single link failure, but cannot survive two link
failures.Farleystudied an important class of networks, which can survive many simultaneous
node and link failures, as longas they are isolated. Here, two node failures are isolated if
thenodes are not adjacent; two link failures are isolated if the links do not meet at a node; a node
failure and a link failure are isolatedif the failed link is not incident to the failed node.Definition

1.2 (IFI Networks): A network is said to be isolated-failure-immune (IFI) if all pairs of functional
nodes canstill communicate, as long as the failures are pairwise isolated.
An IFI network is called a minimum IFI network if it has theminimum number of links among
all IFI networks on the samenumber of nodes.

PROBLEM DEFINITION
1

Optical Network is that effective in real time.

Wavelength Division Multiplexing(WDM) techniques based Authentication is not

achieved so far.

Networks implementation is spoken in the base paper.

EXISTING SYSTEM:

In the EXISTING SYSTEM, they are fault-tolerant to multiple failuresas long as

the faults are isolated. Minimum IFI networksare attractive because they are scalable and often
admit simplesolutions to many networking problems.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
In the PROPOSED System,besides providing guidelines for the design of future
survivable optical networks, our work can have an impact on improved decision making in
existing optical networks. While the backbone of existing optical networks may not be subgraphs
of minimum IFI networks, we can compute a subgraph of the given network that has the
structure assumed in this paper. Using offline computation, by hidinga few network links so
thatthe resulting network has no subgraph that is homeomorphic tothe four-vertex complete
graph. Our algorithm can beapplied to this resulting network, while the links that have been
hidden in the above process can be used to provide additionalprotection.

SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
Hardware Requirements
Processor

Pentium IV

RAM

512 MB

HDD

80 GB

Platform

Windows Xp

Front End

DOT NET

Back End

MS SQL server

Software Requirements

CONCLUSION
We have presented a polynomial-time algorithm for computinga pair of link-disjoint
lightpaths in a WDM optical networkwhose underlying topology is a subgraph of a minimumIFI
network. Our algorithm can be easily modified to computea pair of node-disjoint lightpaths in
such networks.IFI networks have received a lot of attention in the literaturebecause they are
fault-tolerant to multiple failuresas long as the faults are isolated. Minimum IFI networksare
attractive because they are scalable and often admit simplesolutions to many networking
problems. Besidesproviding guidelines for the design of future survivable opticalnetworks, our
work can have an impact on improved decisionmaking in existing optical networks.While the
backbone of existingoptical networks may not be subgraphs of minimum IFInetworks, we can
compute a subgraph of the given network thathas the structure assumed in this paper. This can be
achieved,using offline computation, by hiding a few network links so thatthe resulting network
has no subgraph that is homeomorphic tothe four-vertex complete graph. Our algorithms can
beapplied to this resulting network, while the links that have been hiddenin the above process
can be used to provide additionalprotection.

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