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In this package, you will find:

The author biography

A preview chapter from the book, Chapter 7 Neo4j Deployment
A synopsis of the books content
More information on Neo4j Essentials

About the Author

Sumit Gupta is a seasoned professional, innovator, and technology evangelist with over
100 plus man months of experience in architecting, managing, and delivering enterprise
solutions revolving around a variety of business domains such as hospitality, healthcare,
risk management, insurance, and so on. He is passionate about technology with over 14
years of hands-on experience in the software industry and has been using big data and
cloud technologies over the past 5 years to solve complex business problems.
I want to acknowledge and express my gratitude to everyone who supported
me in authoring this book. I am thankful for their inspiring guidance as well
as valuable/constructive, and friendly advice.

Neo4j Essentials
Understanding the data is the key to all systems and depicting analytical models
on that data, which is built on the paradigm of real-world entities and relationships,
are the success stories of large-scale enterprise systems.
Architects/developers and data scientists have been struggling hard to derive the realworld models and relationships from discrete and disparate systems, which consist of
structured / un-structured data.
We would all agree that without any relationships, data is useless. If we cannot derive
relationships between entities, then it will be of little or no use. After all, it's all about
the connections in the data.
Coming from the relational background, our first choice would be to model
this into relational models and use RDBMS.
No doubt we can use RDBMS, but relational models such as RDBMS focus more
on entities and less on relationships between entities. There are certain disadvantages
in using RDBMS for modeling the above data structure:

Extensive Joins: While RDBMS can be made to replicate graphical ones,

the extensive use of joins would make the technique quite slow.
It is difficult to query and to handle complex queries and relationships
where entities are linked deeply and at multiple levels.

Relationships are dynamic and evolving, which makes it more difficult to create models.
Let's consider the example of social networks:

Social networks are highly complex to define. They are agile and evolving.
Considering the preceding example where John is linked to Kevin because of the fact
that they work in the same company will be changed as soon as either of them switch
companies. Moreover, their relationship IS_SUPREVISOR is dependent upon the
company dynamics and is not static. The same is the case with relationship IS_FRIEND,
which can also change at any time.

The following are some more use cases:

Model and store 7 billion people objects and 3 billion nonpeople

objects to provide an earth-view drill down from the planet to
the sidewalk
Network management
Genealogy
Public transport links and road maps

All the preceding examples state a need for a generic data structure,
which can elegantly represent any kind of data and at the same time
is it easy to query in a highly accessible manner.
Let's introduce a different form of database that focuses on relationships
between the entities rather than the entities itselfNeo4j.
Neo4j as NoSQL database that leverages the theory of graphs. Though
there is no single definition of graphs, here is the simplest one, which helps
to understand the theory of graphs
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_(abstract_data_type)):
"A graph data structure consists of a finite (and possibly mutable) set
of nodes or vertices, together with a set of ordered pairs of these nodes
(or, in some cases, a set of unordered pairs). These pairs are known as edges
or arcs. As in mathematics, an edge (x,y) is said to point or go from x to y.
The nodes may be part of the graph structure, or may be external entities
represented by integer indices or references."
Neo4j is an open source graph database implemented in Java.
Its first version (1.0) was released in February 2010, and since then it has never stopped.
It is amazing to see the pace at which Neo4j has evolved over the years. At the time of
writing this book, the current stable version is 2.1.5, released in September 2014.
Let's move forward and jump into the nitty-gritties of Neo4j. In the subsequent chapters,
we will cover the various aspects of Neo4j dealing with installation, data modeling and
designing, querying, performance tuning, security, extensions, and many more.

What This Book Covers

Chapter 1, Installation and the First Query, details the installation process of Neo4j.
It briefly explains the function of every tool installed together with Neo4j (shell, server,
and browser). More importantly, the chapter will introduce and help developers to get
familiar with the Neo4j browser and run the first basic Cypher query using different
methods exposed by Neo4j (shell, Java, browser, and REST).
Chapter 2, Ready for Take Off, details the possible options at hand for integrating Neo4j
with Business Intelligence (BI) tools and also inserting bulk data in Neo4j from various
data sources such as CSV and Excel. It also talks about the usage of Java and REST APIs
exposed by Neo4j for performing bulk data import and indexing operations and ends with
the various strategies/parameters available and recommended for optimizing Neo4j.
Chapter 3, Pattern Matching in Neo4j, talks briefly about the data modeling techniques
for graph databases such as Neo4j and then describes the usefulness of pattern and pattern
matching for querying the data from the Neo4j database along with its syntactical details.
This will then dive into the syntactic details of the read-only Cypher queries and
its new indexing capabilities.
Chapter 4, Querying and Structuring Data, starts with writing data in Neo4j
using patterns, then it talks about structuring the data by applying various
constraints, schema, and indexes on the underlying data in Neo4j, and ends
with the strategies and recommendations for optimizing the Cypher queries.
Chapter 5, Neo4j from Java, talks about the available strategies for integrating Neo4j
and Java and the applicability of these integration strategies in various real-world
scenarios. It briefly talks about the integration and usage with various other open
source unit testing APIs, and then discusses the Java packages / APIs / graph
algorithms exposed by Neo4j along with examples of graph traversals and searching.
Chapter 6, Spring Data and Neo4j, talks about the best of both worlds, that is, Spring
and Neo4j. It starts with the philosophy of Spring Data, key concepts, and then explores
the possibilities offered by Spring and Spring Data Neo4j with appropriate examples.
Chapter 7, Neo4j Deployment, dives into the principles/strategies for deploying Neo4j
in the distributed environment and recommended deployments for varied needs of scaling
reads, writes, or both. It also talks about the monitoring parameters and APIs available
in Neo4j.
Chapter8, Neo4j Security and Extension, explains various ways to extend and customize
Neo4j and provide new functionalities or secure our Neo4j deployments by implementing
custom plugins or extensions.

Neo4j Deployment
Designing a scalable and distributed software deployment architecture is another
challenge for developers/architects. Development teams are constantly striving to
deploy software in such a way that various enterprise concerns such as maintenance,
backups, restores, and disaster recovery are easier to perform and flexible enough to
scale and accommodate future needs.
However, application software does provide various deployment options, but which
one to use and how they are used, will largely depend upon the end users. For
example, you may have more reads being performed as compared to writes or vice
versa. So your deployment architecture would need to support and be optimized
either for a high volume of reads or high volume of writes, or both.
Scalability is another aspect that is closely linked to the deployments. In simple
terms, it defines a feature of a software where it can support x number of user
requests by adding more nodes in a cluster (horizontal scalability or scale out) or
by upgrading the existing hardware by adding more processing power CPUs or
memoryRAM (vertical scalability). Now, which one to use, without impacting
the SLAs, is again a challenging question that will require pushing the software to
its limits, so that you can understand its behavior in extreme / rare circumstances
and then define an appropriate strategy / plan for your production deployment.
We should also remember that the production deployments are evolving and will
change over time due to many reasons such as new versions of software, innovation
in hardware, changes in user behavior, and so on.
In this chapter, we will discuss the Neo4j deployment scenarios and also talk about
recommended setup and monitoring. This chapter will cover the following topics:

Neo4j architecture and advanced settings

Cluster mode principles and recommended setup

Monitoring

Neo4j Deployment

Neo4j architecture and advanced settings

Neo4j architecture, which is also known as Neo4j HA architecture, provides a robust
and scalable architecture that fits best towards the needs of enterprises. It mainly
provides the following features:

High Availability (HA) and linear scalability

Fault tolerance

Data replication and data locality

Backup and recovery

Let's discuss the preceding features provided by Neo4j HA architecture.

High Availability and linear scalability

Neo4j HA architecture provides clustering of Neo4j servers and implements a
master-slave architecture.

As shown in the preceding diagram, each Neo4j server instance has two parts: one is
the Neo4j HA database and the other is the cluster manager. Neo4j HA database is
responsible for storing and retrieving the data, and cluster manager is responsible
for ensuring a HA and fault-tolerant cluster.
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Neo4j HA database directly communicates with the other instances for data
replication with the help of cluster manager.
The following are the features provided by cluster manager:

Maintaining and tracking of live and dead nodes

Enabling data replication from the master node by polling at regular intervals

Electing the master node

Exposing system health / monitoring via JMX beans

Neo4j architecture is a self-driven and independent architecture and requires

minimum human intervention or management.
All the nodes in a cluster are self-sufficient and any node, either slave or master, can be
used to read data from the database. Writing is an exception where all writes have to
be persisted or relayed through the master node. Although you can still connect to the
slave nodes and relay your write requests, before returning success, the slave nodes
will direct all requests to the master node, and once the master node confirms the
success, only then will the client receive a success response. So, it is always advisable to
relay all writes to the master node, and reads can be performed from any node.
Neo4j also provides linear scalability where we can add nodes to the existing cluster
and data is asynchronously replicated to the new nodes.
To enable HA / cluster mode, modify the value of org.neo4j.
server.database.mode as HA in <$NEO4J_HOME>/conf/neo4jserver.properties.

Fault tolerance
Neo4j provides the custom implementation of multi-paxos paradigm at

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxos_%28computer_science%29#Multi-Paxos,

which provides the following features:

Cluster management keeps a track of the leaving or joining nodes. It checks

the heartbeat of the other participating nodes in a cluster and keeps a track of
the last sync and its availability.

Message broadcasting and replication.

Electing and choosing master nodes.

Assisting Neo4j HA database in transaction propagation and data replication.

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You can also read more about Paxos from http://research.

microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos
-simple.pdf.

Although reads can be served even with a single node, when it comes to writes, it is
essential to have a Quorum of nodes available in a cluster.
Whenever a Neo4j database instance becomes unavailable, due to any reason such as
hardware or network failure, the other database instances in the cluster will detect
that and mark it as temporarily failed.
Once the temporarily failed instance is available and ready to serve user requests, it
is automatically synced with the other nodes in the cluster.
If the master goes down, then another (best-suited) member will be elected and have
its role switched from slave to master after a quorum has been reached within the
cluster. Writes are blocked during the election process of the master node.
For all those cases where Quorum is not available and we still want to elect the
master, Neo4j provides arbiter nodes that can be deployed to achieve the Quorum.
Arbiter nodes do not contain the data and neither serve the read or write requests.
They are used only in the election of the master node with the single purpose of
breaking ties.
Arbiter instances are configured in the same way as Neo4j HA members are
configured in the neo4j.properties file under conf/ and the following command
is used to start an arbiter instance:
<$NEO4J_HOME>/bin/neo4j-arbiter start

In cases where the new master performs some changes to the data, before the old
master recovers, there will be two branches of the database after the point where the
old master became unavailable. The old master will move away from its database
(its branch), will download a full copy from the new master, would be marked as
available, and will also be added as a slave node in the cluster.

Data replication and data locality

Neo4j HA architecture asynchronously replicates the data to other nodes in a cluster.
All write operations are first performed by the master node and then the slave nodes
are synchronized or they poll the new data from the last checkpoint from the master
node. The behavior of data replication is driven by the following properties defined
at <$NEO4J_HOME>/conf/neo4j.properties:

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ha.pull_interval: This is the interval at which slaves will pull updates

from the master. The unit is in seconds.

ha.tx_push_factor: This is the amount of slaves node the master will try

ha.tx_push_strategy: It should be either fixed or round robin. This means

to push a transaction before returning success to the client. We can also set
this to 0, which will switch off the synchronous data writes to slave node and
would eventually increase the write performance, but would also increase
the risk of data loss, as the master would be the only node containing
the transaction.

the priority of nodes that will be selected to push the events. In case of fixed,
the priority is decided based on the value of ha.server_id, which is further
based on the principle of highest first.

All write transactions on a slave will be first synchronized with the master. When the
transaction commits, it will be first committed on the master, and if successful, then
it will be committed on the slave. To ensure consistency, the slave has to be updated
and synchronized with the master before performing a write operation. This is built
into the communication protocol between the slave and the master so that updates
are applied automatically to a slave node communicating with its master node.
Neo4j provides full data replication on each node so that each node is self-sufficient
to serve read/write requests. It also helps in achieving low latency. In order to serve
the global audience, additional Neo4j servers can be configured as read-only slave
servers and these servers can be placed near the customer (maybe geographically).
These slave read-only servers are synced up with the master in real time and all the
local read requests are directed and served by these read-only slave servers, which
provide data locality for our client applications.

Backup and recovery

Backup and recovery is another challenge for distributed systems and Neo4j HA
architecture provides various tools and utilities for performing online backup and
recovery, which is in sync with the enterprise's operational needs.
Neo4j provides <$NEO4J_HOME>/bin/neo4j-backup as a command-line utility for
performing the Full and Incremental / hot backups.
The following steps need to be performed to enable backups:
1. Enabling online backup: online_backup_enabled should be enabled in
<$NEO4J_HOME>/conf/neo4j.properties.

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2. Full backup: Create a blank directory on the machine where you want to take
the full backup and run the backup tool <$NEO4J_HOME>/bin/neo4j-backup
-host <IP-ADDRESS> -port <PORT#> -to <DIR location on
remote server>.

3. Incremental backup: Run the same command that we used to take full
backup and neo4j-backup will only copy the updates from the last backup.
Incremental backups can fail in case the provided directory does not have
valid backup or previous backup is from the older version of the
Neo4j database.
4. Recovering database from backup: Modify the org.neo4j.server.
database.location property in <$NEO4J_HOME>/conf/neo4j-server.
properties and provide the location of directory where backup is stored
and restart your Neo4j server.
Online backup can also be performed programmatically using Java by
using org.neo4j.backup.OnlineBackup.java.

Advanced settings
Let's discuss the advanced settings exposed by Neo4j, which should be considered
for any production deployment:
<$NEO4J_HOME>/conf/neo4j-server.properties Neo4j server configuration file
Parameter

Default
value

Description

org.neo4j.server.
webserver.address

0.0.0.0

Client accept pattern for the web

server. By default it accepts connection
only from local boxes. Define the IP
address of the box for accepting remote
connections.

org.neo4j.server.
webserver.maxthreads

200

This controls the concurrent request

handled by the web server.

org.neo4j.server.
transaction.timeout

60

Timeouts for orphaned transactions.

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<$NEO4J_HOME>/conf/neo4j.propoerties low-level configurations for Neo4j

database
Read_only
False
This is the Boolean value for enabling
READ mode or WRITE mode. By
default it is in WRITE mode.
Cache_type
soft
This defines the type of cache used to
store the nodes and relationships. The
following are the types of cache:
none: Do not use any cache.
soft: LRU cache using soft
references. Used when the
application load isn't very high.
weak: LRU cache using weak
references. Used when the
application is under heavy load
with lots of reads and traversals.
strong: Will hold on to all data
that gets loaded and never
release it. Use it when your
graph is small enough to fit
in memory.
hpc: High Performance Cache,
is only available with the
Enterprise version of Neo4j.
dump_configuration

False

This logs all configuration parameters

at the time of server start up.

query_cache_size

100

This is the number of Cypher query

execution plans to be cached.

keep_logical_logs

7 Days

This is the logical transaction logs to

back up the database. It is used
to specify the threshold to prune
logical logs.

logical_log_rotation_
threshold

25M

This is the size of the file that will be

used to autorotate the logical logfile
after a certain threshold. Value of 0
means there is no rotation based on the
size of the file.

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Apart from the properties mentioned in the preceding table, we can also configure
and tune the JVM by defining the configurations such as type of GC, GC Logs, Max
and Min memory, and so on in <$NEO4J_HOME>/conf/neo4j-wrapper.conf.
To summarize, Neo4j HA architecture meets the enterprise needs in a true sense
where it provides the highest degree of fault tolerance, can operate even with a
single machine, and can expose various configurations, which help in tuning our
database to produce maximum throughput.

Neo4j cluster principles and

recommended setup
Neo4j HA cluster can be setup/tuned and optimized for accommodating various
kinds of requirements such as fault tolerance, load (read versus write) availability,
and so on.
The bad news is that there is no single setup that can meet all these needs, but the
good news is that we do have a solution to meet the requirements individually.
Let's discuss different aspects/principles of the Neo4j cluster and its recommended
setup for various scenarios.

Scaling write throughputs

As we discussed earlier, Neo4j provides a master-slave architecture, where all writes
are served by the master and then eventually they are replicated to the slave nodes
in an asynchronous mode. Although we can perform writes on slave nodes too, slave
nodes eventually will contact the master node before returning the success response
to the master node.
It is always advisable that all writes are directly written to the master nodes for
better performance, though it also means that write throughput is limited to a single
machine. Despite this limitation of a single machine, write throughput can still be
very high by introducing the upcoming strategies.

Introducing queues for write operations

We need to realize that the master node plays a very important role in the cluster
setup, and at any point of time, we may not expose our master node directly to our
clients for any kind of operations, be it read or write.

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Especially in cases where we need high throughput from our write operations, it is
recommended to introduce a queuing solution so that the cluster can service a steady
and manageable stream of write operations. It will also rescue us from losing any
write transactions, which may occur in extreme situations where our master node
abruptly goes down.

Batch writes
We talked about batch writes and the optimization techniques in Chapter 2, Ready for
Take Off.
We should remember that Neo4j provides ACID properties and every request
to Neo4j is wrapped around a transaction, which also induces some overhead.
Planning your writes and submitting it to the server in batches using a low-level
API like BatchInserter would help in directly interacting or inserting data into
Neo4j and avoiding all overhead-like transactions. It would definitely help in
achieving higher throughput.

Vertical scaling
Vertical scaling or upgrading the hardware of the master node is another option
where we can scale our write operations. Neo4j cluster does support SSD drives
such as Fusion-io, which does provide exceptional high write performance.

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Tuning Neo4j caches

Neo4j provides two kinds of caches: File Buffer Cache and Object Cache.
File Buffer Cache is specifically introduced to improve write performance. It enables
and persists all write operations on cache, deferring durable writes until the logical
log is rotated. It is advised to tune and optimize both caches as per your available
hardware and memory.

Scaling read throughputs

Unlike the write operation where only the master node is eligible for writing,
reads can be performed locally and can be served by any node in the cluster. Read
operations in HA Neo4j cluster increase linearly where any node in a cluster can
serve the read request and new nodes can be added at any point of time.
Let's discuss strategies, which if implemented, can provide desirable throughputs for
read operations.

Load balancer
Neo4j HA cluster does not provide any load balancing that can distribute the load
over the nodes in a cluster, but we can introduce a software or hardware load
balancer for distributing the load equally over the various nodes in the cluster.
For example, we can introduce a software load balancer such as HA proxyhttp://
www.haproxy.org/ or Apache Proxyhttp://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/
mod_proxy.html, which would intercept REST calls, and based on routing rules, can
delegate the request to the appropriate node in a cluster.

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Apart from distributing the load across the cluster, the following are the other
benefits of introducing a load balancer to our Neo4j cluster:

The client does not have to be aware of the location and address of the
physical nodes of the cluster

The nodes can be removed or added at any point of time, while the customer
can still perform the reads

There is flexibility of re-routing the request based on the type of request,

customer, or URL

It can implement cache-based sharding where specific nodes can be

determined to serve specific needs of the customer

Cache-based sharding
Caching and sharding are two important strategies for any production system.
Neo4j provides a high-performance cache with the Enterprise Edition, which can be
leveraged for fast lookups. It enables the flexibility to provide specific memory sizes
for nodes.
Enable high-performance cache by modifying cache_type=hpc in
<$NEO4J_HOME>/conf/neo4j.properties.

In the Neo4j world, we consider large data, large enough that it cannot fit into the
provided memory (RAM), so the next option would be to introduce shards and
distribute these shards to individual nodes.
Sharding data and then caching it on individual nodes is a reasonable and scalable
solution, but it is difficult to shard the graphs with a traditional sharding approach
and it may not scale for real-time transactions too. That's the reason there is no
utility/API provided in Neo4j to shard the data.
So what's next???
The answer is cache-based sharding.
In cache-based sharding, all nodes in a cluster contain the full data, but we partition
the type of requests served by each database instance to increase the likelihood of
hitting a warm cache for a given request. Warm caches in Neo4j are ridiculously high
in performance, especially the HPChigh-performance cache.
In short, we would recommend a routing strategy that routes the user read requests
in such a manner that they are always served by a specific set of nodes in a cluster.
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Neo4j Deployment

The strategy could be based on the domain or may be based on the specific type of
query or characteristics of data. We could also use sticky sessions where the first and
subsequent request is served by the same node.
In any case, we need to ensure that majority of READ requests are served by warm
cache and not by the disk.

Monitoring
We discussed the Neo4j browser in Chapter1, Installation and the First Query.
Neo4j browser exposes the basic configuration of our server and database,
but that is not enough for the enterprise class systems, where we need detail
monitoring, statistics, and options to modify certain configurations at runtime
without restarting the server.
Neo4j exposes JMX beans for advanced level of monitoring and management,
which not only exposes the overall health of our Neo4j server and database, but also
provides certain operations that can be invoked over live Neo4j instances and that
too without restarting the server. Most of the monitoring options exposed through
JMX beans are only available with the Enterprise version of Neo4j.
For more information on JMX, refer to http://www.oracle.com/
technetwork/java/javase/tech/javamanagement-140525.html.

Java provides JConsolehttp://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/

guides/management/jconsole.htmlwhich is packaged with standard JDK 7
distribution for viewing/modifying/invoking the attributes or operations exposed
by JMX beans. JConsole is also leveraged for viewing the overall health of our system
where it exposes the various memory statistics such as heap/non-heap, threads JVM
configurations, classes loaded in VM, and active threads along with their current state.
Let's move forward and discuss the configurations required for enabling JMX beans
via JConsole for viewing the various monitoring attributes exposed by Neo4j in local
and remote mode.

JConsole in local mode

JMX provides the option of directly connecting to the process ID of Neo4j instance
running on the local machine and viewing the various JMX beans exposed by Neo4j.
Perform the following steps to view JMX beans and JConsole in local mode in Linux
OS. For Windows, change the forward slash / to a backward slash \, and the rest of
the steps remain the same:
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1. Start your Neo4j server by executing <$NEO4J_HOME>/bin/neo4j start.

2. Open your console and execute <$JAVA_HOME>/bin/jconsole on the same
machine that is hosting your Neo4j server.
3. Select the Local Process option and then select org.neo4j.server.Bootstrapper
and click on Connect.

And we are done!!! You will be able to see the JConsole UI that displays the
health of your system, such as memory utilization, details about JVM, and
so on.

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4. Click on the last tab MBeans and you will see two JMX Beans: org.neo4j and
org.neo4j.ServerManagement.

JConsole in remote mode

JMX also provides the option of connecting to the remote Java process or Neo4j
instance and viewing the various JMX beans. Perform the following steps to view
JMX beans and JConsole in remote mode in Linux OS. For windows, change the
forward slash / to a backward slash \, and rest of the steps remain the same:
1. Open <$NEO4J_HOME>/conf/neo4j-wrapper.conf and enable the
following properties:
wrapper.java.additional=|Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=3637
wrapper.java.additional=Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true
wrapper.java.additional=Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false
wrapper.java.additional=Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=conf/jmx.passwo
rd
wrapper.java.additional=[ 158 ]

Chapter 7
Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=conf/jmx.access

All the preceding properties define the configuration of JMX beans such as
communication port, username and password files, and so on.
2. Next we need to modify the username/password for connecting the JMX
server remotely. Open <$NEO4J_HOME>/conf/jmx.access and uncomment
the line control readwrite. Uncommenting this line will enable the admin
role for the JMX beans and you can modify and invoke the operations
exposed by Neo4j JMX beans.
3. Now we will add the username and password in jmx.password. Open
<$NEO4J_HOME>/conf/jmx.password and at the end of file enter control
<space><password> like control Sumit, where the first word is the
username and the second word is the password. The username should match
with the entry made in the jmx.access file.
4. We also need to make sure that the permissions for conf/jmx.password are
0600 in Linux. Open the console and execute sudo chmod 0600 conf/jmx.
password in Linux, and For windows, follow instructions given at http://
docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/management/
security-windows.html.

5. In your Linux console, execute <$JAVA_HOME>/bin/jconsole and select

Remote Process, and in the textbox enter localhost:3637, username as
control, and password as Sumit.

6. And we are done!!! Click on Connect and you will be able to see the UI of
JConsole exposing the health statistics of your system along with the MBeans
exposed by Neo4j.
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Summary
In this chapter, we discussed the Neo4j architecture and its various components
which converged and provided a scalable and HA architecture. We also talked about
various principles of the Neo4j cluster and also provided recommendations for
various production scenarios. Lastly, we also discussed about the monitoring options
available to the Neo4j users.
In the next chapter, we will discuss the Neo4j security and extensions.

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Get more information Neo4j Essentials

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