ECET,Patel Guda,Beeram Guda,Hyderabad

LABORATORY MANUAL
FOR

ADVANCED ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND

COMMUNICATION SKILLS
(For III B.Tech Regulation R08)
SRI ARAVIND CHILUKURI
Coach, ACBM

Dear Students,
Note: Pls. dont follow every lessons and every word
from this book. I will send my own material later.
Scan this material and write something which is useful
to you.

Regards,
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
Academic Year : 2013 - 14
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
ADVANCED ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB
The word communication, which has its origin in the Latin word communis, brings out
many images in ones mind. It could be a process, network, a technique, or a form of
entertainment. Communication over the years has seen numerous dimensions. It is seen as
an interchangeable, an expression, a transmission, a dynamic process, a connecting link, a
means to power and a force that maintains and animates life. Communication is both an art
and a science. It is a discipline amenable to systematic study and mastery. It has an element
of creativity, as well as an element of precision. It therefore calls for mastering of skills as
well as techniques. Communication is thus a way of life. English Language &
Communication Skills Lab monitors and guides the students towards enhancing the

common skills through the material fed in the systems. It helps in developing the various
skills involved in the process of communication through methodical usage of techniques
and activity to enhance communication both for day-to-day use as well as in the business
communication.
The English Language Lab has facilities that help the teachers to listen
to individual student, in turn, and to speak with them. Guidance is provided where
necessary. The teachers role is therefore vital whether or not the recorded material is used.
Here the student is in an ideal position to judge his own performance , that
is, to compare his speech with that of the model . If the student is not satisfied he/she can
return to the same exercise retry or again listen to the examples.
Students are provided with opportunities in development of
language by repetition and responding in ELCS Lab B. Here students are provided with
various activities in improving their spoken language and the correct accentuation. The
student is equipped with various skills like Reading, Writing ,Listening, Speaking, Word
Power , Vocabulary and Grammar.
The Communication and Soft skill sessions help students to identify the
professional areas and the use of relevant language in these situations. The soft skill
sessions are therefore a preparatory platform for daily life.
Most activities have preparatory material stored in the systems which teaches and guides
the students towards better understanding, providing them with tips and techniques in the
betterment of the language and communication skill. Personality development etiquettes
and corporate knowledge is provided to students to help students in facing interviews in a
formal organizational set up .They are exposed to Oral Presentations, Prepared and
Extempore speech sessions, Technical presentations, Quiz, Techniques in getting rid of
stage fear, Mock interview sessions, Group Discussions etc., The feedback sessions are eye
openers which pave way for further enhancement.

SYLLABUS :

UNIT-1 - Functional English - starting a conversation -responding appropriately

and relevantly-using the right body language-role play in different

situations.

UNIT-2 - Vocabulary building - synonyms and antonyms, word roots ,one-word

Substitutes, prefixes and suffixes study of word origin, analogy ,idioms and
Phrases.
UNIT-3 - GroupDiscussion - dynamics of group discussion,intervention ,summarizing,
modulation of voice, body language, relevance, fluency and coherence.
UNIT-4 - Interview Skills - concept and process, pre-interview
planning, opening, strategies, answering strategies, interview through tele and
video-conferencing.

UNIT-5 - Resume writing-structure and presentation, planning, defining the career

objective. projecting ones strengths and skills-sets, summary, formats and
styles, letter-writing.

UNIT-6 - Reading comprehension - reading for facts,guessing meanings from context,

scanning,skimming,inferring meaning,critical reading.
UNIT-7 - Technical Report writing - Types of formats and styles,subject matter
organization, clarity, coherence and style, planning, data collection, tools,
analysis.

UNIT 1: Functional English - starting a conversation -respondig appropriately

and relevantly-using the right body language-role play in different situations.
SAMPLE

Conversation-1
STARTING AND ENDING CONVERSATIONS

Brad: Excuse me: May I sit here?

Linda: Yes, you may.
Brad: Already got your tickets? May I ask which tour you are taking?
Linda: I am taking the Museums tour. And you?
Brad: Well. I am also on the same tour.
Linda: Where do you come from?
Brad: I am from Tennessee, a Southern State in the United States of America. Where do
you come from?
Linda: I come from Munich, Germany. My English is not so good.
Brad: Well. it sounds good to me .Yet, if you need any help, please let me know.
Linda: Thats very kind of you. Glad to have met you.

Conversation-2
Greetings,Praises,and Compliments.
Mona: Hey ,look whos coming. You look lovely today in this dress.

Linda: Its a pretty dress, I must say.

Linda: Thanks. Im glad you like it. My mom made it for me.
Mona: Its a nicely matched colour mix.The pink and the light gray combination looks
wonderful.
Linda: really? Its nice of you to say that. I will tell my mom how you appreciated my
dress.
Venkat: Hi girls? Good morning! Whats going on?
Linda: She likes my dress.
Venkat: Well, yes! It is quire smart.
Linda: Thank you Venkat. Your shoes are new it seems. They are great. New style I
suppose.
Venkat: Look now! There comes my friend Ajay.
Ajay: Hello friends! How are you?
Mona: We are good! Ajay have you got your grades?
Ajay: Yes, I have an overall A grade
Venkat: Thats great! Congratulations!
Mona: Ajay is very good at studies, Isnt he ? He is always busy in the library.
Linda: Oh yes, he studies regularly. And he is a very intelligent guy.

Ajay: Thanks all of you. I really appreciate your compliments. But I must go now. Bye!
Linda: Christmas vacations are just round the corner. I wish you all Merry Christmas and
a wonderful vacation!
Venkat: Thanks Linda. We wish you a Merry Christmas and a wonderful vacation back
home: When will you be back from HongKong?
Linda: I will be back by 10 January. See you all then.
ROLEPLAY:
You are given a few situations. Make your own sentences expressing possibility,
probability, and ability using suitable expressions.
Activity :
Role play in different situations.
1) Two friends about pollution
Observation:
Feedback:
2) Interaction between two spectators viewing a cricket match.
Observation:
Feedback:
3) Between customer & Dealer when you are buying a bike
Observation:
Feedback:

UNIT-2
Vocabulary building - synonyms and antonyms,word roots,one-word substitutes,

Prefixes and suffixes, study of word origin, analogy, idioms, phrases.

EXERCISES FROM THE ABOVE

Study of word origin

The word Language comes from the Latin word Lingua which means tongue.A broader
meaning of the term language is the form of expression.therefore,as a form of
expression language comprises, sign, music, painting, drawing, writing, etc.
There are various theories which are propounded by linguistics and philologistics. But all
of them are hypothesis, lacking of the nature of language. Language is the expression of
human personality in words, whether written or spoken. It is the universal medium alike
for converging the common facts and feelings of everyday life and the philosophers,
searching after truth and all that lies between (CL.Wein)
Parent Language

------------------------------------------------

Daughter Language A

Daughter Language B

Proto Indo European

------------------------------------------------

Western Branch

Eastern Branch

Eastern Branch

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Balto Slavic

Albanian

Armenian

Hihites

Aryan

----------------

-----------------

Baltic

Eg.

Slavonic

Iranian

Latin

Greek

Sanskrit

Gothic

Old English

English

Edo

Elo

Aidmi

Itan

Etan

Eat

Decem

Deka

Daca

Taihum

Tien

Ten

Indian

Affix , Prefix , Suffix

Affixes are attached at the beginning of the stem.Such affixes are called prefixes.The
others are attached at the end of the stem and they are called suffixes.
Eg 1:

Unintentionally

--------------------------------------------------

Affix

Stem

Un

Intentionally

--------------------------------------

Stem

Affix

Intentional

-Ly

-------------------

Stem

Affix

Intentional

-al

----------------

Eg 2:

Stress

Affix

(Root)

intend

-ion

Unkindly

--------------------

Affix

Stem Kindly.

-------------------

Stem

Affix

(Root)

-Ly

kind

Word Root
- Root is a part of word which is taken from some other language and has its own
meaning

- Every word in the English language has its own roots whether the root is from any
other language

- The root mainly specifies the meaning of the word.

- Some of root words and words framed using .Those roots are given below.
(1) Cide To kill
- Suicide
- Pesticide
- Insecticide
- Chromocide
- Particide
(2) Spect To see
- Spectator
- Inspect
- Spectacles
- Spectacular
(3) Port To carry
- Portable
- Transport
- Import
- Export
- Airport
(4) Circ/Circum Round
- Semicircle

- Circular
- Circumference
- Circulation
- Circumstances.

UNIT-3
Group Discussion- dynamics of group discussion, intervention, summarizing,
modulation of voice, body language, relevance, fluency and coherence.
A GD is a methodology used by an organization to gauge whether the candidate has
certain personality traits and/or skills that it desires in its members. In this methodology,
the group of candidates is given a topic or a situation, given a few minutes to think about
the same, and then asked to discuss it among themselves for 15-20 minutes.
Freshersworld.com brings you an elaborate section for GD as you had ever seen anywhere
else. Some of the personality traits the GD is trying to gauge may include :

Ability to work in a team

Communication skills

Reasoning ability

Leadership skills

Initiative

Assertiveness

Flexibility

Creativity

Ability to think on ones feet

GDs can be topic-based or case-based.

Topic based GDs can be classified into three types:1. Factual Topics
2. Controversial Topics
3. Abstract Topics

Reasons for having a GD

It helps you to understand a subject more deeply.

It improves your ability to think critically.

It helps in solving a particular problem.

It helps the group to make a particular decision.

It gives you the chance to hear other students' ideas.

It improves your listening skills.

It increases your confidence in speaking.

It can change your attitudes.

Discussion Etiquette (or minding your manners):

Do

Speak pleasantly and politely to the group.

Respect the contribution of every speaker.

Remember that a discussion is not an argument. Learn to disagree politely.

Think about your contribution before you speak. How best can you answer the
question/ contribute to the topic?

Try to stick to the discussion topic. Don't introduce irrelevant information.

Be aware of your body language when you are speaking.

Agree with and acknowledge what you find interesting.

Don't

Lose your temper. A discussion is not an argument.

Shout. Use a moderate tone and medium pitch.

Use too many gestures when you speak. Gestures like finger pointing and table
thumping can appear aggressive.

Dominate the discussion. Confident speakers should allow quieter students a chance
to contribute.

Draw too much on personal experience or anecdote. Although some tutors

encourage students to reflect on their own experience, remember not to generalize
too much.

Interrupt. Wait for a speaker to finish what they are saying before you speak.

A group discussion consists of:

Communication Skills

Knowledge and ideas regarding a given subject

Capability to co-ordinate and lead

Exchange of thoughts

Addressing the group as a whole

Thorough preparations

Activity :
Mock GDs conducted
Topics : 1) How to deal with International Terrorism
2) Pollution
3) Position of women in India Compare with other Nations.
4) Role of Media in bringing awareness in the society.
5) Sudden Death of the C.M. of Andhra Pradesh
6) Environment Management
7) Water Resources should be Nationalized.
8) Is there logic to in giving voting rights to illiterate people.

UNIT-4
Interview Skills - concept and process, pre-interview
planning, opening, strategies, answering strategies, interview through tele and
video-conferencing.

The Interview

Interview is an interaction between two or more persons usually with a question and
answer pattern. The interviewing process a complex means of gathering relevant data about
a candidate for a particular job position, promotion or making a selection panel. It is a
structured mechanism for professional evaluations for employment as well as methods such
as group discussion and oral presentation.
According to recruitment experts a job interview provides the best opportunity to examine
the relevance of an applicants knowledge and experience and is an effective technique
used for evaluating the suitability of a candidate for a particular position through a
question-answer oral session.
Interview is the best way to judge ones ability as issues can be discussed to face rather
than letter or phone calls. Call for an interview also gives you an opportunity to present
yourself at your best.

Interview Preparation
Research is a critical part of preparing for an interview. If you haven't done your
homework, it is going to be obvious. Spend time researching and thinking about yourself,
the occupation, the organization, and questions you might ask at the end of the interview.

Step 1: Know Yourself

The first step in preparing for an interview is to do a thorough self-assessment so that you
will know what you have to offer an employer. It is very important to develop a complete
inventory of skills, experience, and personal attributes that you can use to market yourself
to employers at any time during the interview process.

Analytical/Problem Solving

Flexibility/Versatility

Interpersonal

Oral/Written Communication

Organization/Planning

Time Management

Motivation

Leadership

Self-Starter/Initiative

Team Player

Consider the answers to other questions such as:

How have I demonstrated the skills required in this position?

What are my strong points and weak points?

What are my short term and long term goals?

What can I offer this particular employer?

What kind of environment do I like? (i.e. How do I like to be supervised? Do I like

a fast pace?)

What do I like doing?

Apart from my skills and experience, what can I bring to this job?

Step 2: Know the Occupation

The second step in preparing for an interview is to research the occupation. This is
necessary because in order to present a convincing argument that you have the experience
and skills required for that occupation, you must first know what those requirements and
duties are. It is also in your best interest to identify the approximate starting salary for that
position, or those similar. There are several ways to find out about an occupation:

Acquire a copy of the job description from the employer (Human

Resources/Personnel) or check with Student Employment Services. If you are responding
to an advertisement, this may also supply some details.

Step 3: Know the Organization

The more you know about an organization, the better prepared you will be to discuss how
you can meet its needs. Some of the characteristics that you should know about an
organization are:
Where is it located?
How big is it?
What are its products and who does it serve?
How is the organization structured?
What is its history?
Have there been any recent changes, new developments?
There are a number of ways in which you can access this information. Most medium- to
large-sized organizations publish information about themselves.

Step 4: Prepare Questions

Having completed your background research, you are now ready to prepare questions to
ask the interviewer(s). Try to think of questions for which the answer was not readily
available in company literature. Intelligent well thought-out questions will demonstrate
your genuine interest in the position. Candidate should ask the same questions of each
employer.

Some sample questions are:

1. How have changes in technology most affected your business today?
2. What future direction do you see the company taking?
3. Where is the greatest demand for your services or product?
4. How do you differ from your competitors?
5. What do you like about working with this organization?
6. Have any new product lines been introduced recently?
7. What criteria will be used to evaluate my performance?
8. Will I work independently or as part of a team?
9. What are the career paths available in this organization?
10. When can I expect to hear from you regarding this position?
11. It is very important to ask the last question because employers want to hire
individuals who are interested in the position - and asking this question definitely
helps to demonstrate interest on your part

Preparations
Let's say you are going for an interview tomorrow. You have prepared yourself well for the
occasion - anticipating the questions and getting ready the answers - but have you given a
thought to what you will wear?

If you have not peeked into your wardrobe yet, it's time to take a real hard look now. Your
application's fate depends not just on how well you answer the interview questions, but also
on how well you project yourself physically. The first impression your interviewer makes
about you is based on the way you look, and you know what they say about first
impressions. According to Joe Hodowanes, J.M. Wanes and Associates career strategy
advisor, "The way a person dresses is the single biggest non-verbal communication you
make about yourself." The right dressing is a measure of the seriousness that you place on
the position, as a person normally spends time on his looks if he considers an event
important enough.

Men
Long-sleeved shirt and dark slacks. White is still the safest and the best color for
shirts. The colour is also appropriate for our tropical weather. Also acceptable: pale
shades such as beige, blue, and other pastels.
Tuck in the shirt and do not roll up the sleeves. Never wear a short-sleeved shirt to
an interview or any business purpose. Wearing a short-sleeved shirt will destroy
your executive image.
Ties Optional. But if you do wear one, choose a conservative pattern. Solids, small
polka dots, diagonal stripes, small repeating shapes, subtle plaids and paisleys are
all acceptable.
Belts Belts should match your shoes. Those with smaller buckles with squared lines
look more professional.
Socks Black socks are the best, followed by blue or gray, depending on your attire.
Never wear white socks! Check your sock length, too--no skin should show when
you sit down or cross your legs. Shoes. Black or burgundy leather shoes with laces
on them, because tassel loafers are very casual. Other suitable colors are brown,
cordovan and navy.
Hair. Keep neat, short and preferably parted on the side. And shave off all those
facial hair.

 Jewellery. Wear no or little jewellery. The watch and wedding ring are the only
acceptable pieces of jewellery to go with the male attire. Thin gold or leatherstrapped watches look professional but not digital watches. Also, avoid political or
religious insignias, necklaces or bracelets. Definitely Accessories. As much as
possible, use leather briefcases or folders to hold copies of your resume. Use narrow
briefcases and avoid plastic folders and plastic ball pens as they are out of place.

Women
Three-piece business suits, blouse and skirt or slacks, and cardigan twin-sets.
Sleeveless shirts should be rejected. Short-sleeved blouses are okay when they are
tailor-cut or have features such as a sports collar or double breast design to create a
business-like look. Skirts can either be long provided it does not create a Cinderella
or barn-dance look or short where it falls no shorter than two inches from the knee.
Nothing too revealing, please!
Panty-hose or stockings. A must for professional grooming, but nothing with overly
fussy patterns. Bring an extra pair, just in case the ones you are wearing run.
Shoes. Closed shoes or pumps with at least 1-inch heels suggest a more
professional look. Dark colors are best.
Hair. Hair longer than shoulder length should be worn up or pulled back. Don't let it
fall in front of your face and don't keep trying to fix it during the interview. Avoid
large hair ornaments and trendy hairstyles.
Make-up. Be subtle; natural is the key word. Light shades of lip coloring and nail
polish are recommended.
Jewellery. Be conservative. Studs of gold, silver or pearls are best. Do away with
gaudy fashion jewelers, and those that clank and make noise when one moves.
Accessories. Folders and bags should blend well with the total professional look.
Women should match their purse with their shoe colour.

ENTRANCE AND INTRODUCTION

Even though most of us are primed for the basic grilling that we would face during the
interview, we seldom pay attention to the way we enter an interview room or how we
introduce ourselves. Says Subhashish Mitra, deputy manager, Essar Cellphones: "A lot of
people do not think it important to knock properly while entering the interview room. They
assume that as an interview is taking place, the panel will be expecting them. To my mind
this is a very major faux pas which really jars."
In fact, the best way to enter an interview is to knock, ask for permission to enter and then
wait for a while before you actually sit down. Few interviewees know this but the interview
panel needs a little quiet time to discuss the previous candidate before they get around to
the next one. So your silence till you actually get seated would be very valuable. Try and
keep a bag with you for all your papers and certificates; make sure this bag is an
unobtrusive as possible.

ATTITUDE AND RESPONSE

This is a grey area for most interview candidates. While dressing up and resume writing are
skills you can Go for a mock exercise before the real talk at the job table handle with a little
practice, cultivating the right attitude as an interviewee requires a lot of patience and
reading between the lines.

TEN THINGS THAT AN INTERVIEWER LOOKS IN YOU!

1. Family Background

2. Education
3. Experience
4. Stability
5. Initiative
6. General Ability
7. Interpersonal Skills
8. Confidence
9. Aptitude
10. Pleasant Looks

Establishing Rapport

This is a very important part of the interview because while establishing rapport, first
impressions are made, and the tone of the interview is set. Some people suggest that the
decision to hire is greatly influenced by the first five minutes of the interview. A good
interviewer will introduce him/herself, and take the lead. Follow his or her lead - if they are
chatty, be chatty; if they are formal, be formal. Some employers use what seems to be
casual conversation to get to know you on a more personal level this may be crucial to a
hiring decision!

Tips:
Smile and maintain eye contact. This is one way of communicating confidence,
even if you don't feel it.

 If the interviewer offers his or her hand, shake it firmly. If they don't, it is
appropriate to offer yours.
Wait until the interviewer sits or offers you a seat before sitting down.
If the interviewer is making small talk, participate. Keep your answers short and
positive.

Exchange of Information

This is the bulk of the interview. It is your opportunity to let the interviewer know what you
have to offer, and your chance to learn more about the organization.

Tips:
When you answer a question, look the interviewer in the eye.
Be aware of the interviewer's reactions. If he or she looks confused, ask if you can
clarify anything.
Be aware of what your body is saying. Avoid closed postures. Sit upright, but not
stiffly.
Try to find a comfortable position as that will make you feel more relaxed.
Control your nervous habits. Don't swing your foot, talk with your hands (to an
extreme), or fiddle with jewelers, buttons, pens, etc.
Show that you are interested in the job by asking questions.
Try not to appear bored or anxious. Don't look at your watch.

Closing the Interview

When the interviewer is done gathering the information that is needed, he or she will ask if
you have anything to add, or if you have any questions. This is your opportunity to
mentally review your inventory of skills and make sure that you have communicated
everything that you wanted to. If any of your questions have not been addressed during the
course of the interview, now is the time to ask them.

Tips:
Thank the interviewer for his/her time and consideration.
Ask when you can expect to hear from him/her.
If it is not known when a decision will be reached, ask if you can phone in a week's
time to inquire about the progress.
If the interviewer offers his/her hand, shake it firmly. Otherwise, it is fine to offer
yours first.
If not already discussed, you can offer to leave a sample of your work, or portfolio
if you have one.

INTERVIEW THROUGH TELECONFERENCING :

TELECONFERENCING is becoming a widespread practice for job interviews.
It has become so common that, in many instances, a job seeker may not come face-to-face
with his or her new employer until their first official day at work.
Face-to-face interviews are still a clear preference for employers, they are becoming more
reliant on telephone interviews.
Job interviews via phone short circuit travel time and speed up the recruitment process,
particularly where regional, interstate or overseas job seekers are involved.
Teleconferencing not only saves time but can also be more economical for employers
seeking to fill positions quickly. Teleconference interviews, if conducted correctly, also
have several advantages for job seekers.

There's often less pressure on a job seeker when being interviewed over the phone.
One can cut to the chase with your answers and participate in the interview from a safe
environment that isn't outside ones comfort zone.
While it may seem common sense, there are a variety of techniques to ensure the best
results from a teleconference interview.
The following are tips for job seekers:

Make sure you are being interviewed over a clear phone line, with minimum echo
and background noise;

Be in a comfortable environment where you are at ease and are not likely to be
distracted;

Pace yourself and don't speak too quickly. Keep in mind that the interviewer will
often be taking notes to record your responses;

Use a relaxed and even tone;

Wait for the interviewer to finish the question before speaking;

Standing up when answering a question ``empowers you'' and provides an air of

confidence;

Keep answers clear and concise. If unsure about how much detail to provide, ask
the interviewer "did that answer your question'' before proceeding with further
detail;

Ask the interviewer to repeat the question if you do not understand or need to gather
your thoughts;

Be confident in your answers and if an uncomfortable silence occurs, don't let it

unsettle you; and

Ensure your written references are solid and authentic. Employers will be even
more reliant on third party insight if there is no face-to-face interaction during the
recruitment process.

INTERVIEW THROUGH VIDEOCONFERENCING:

Videoconference Interviews:
For both the job seeker and the company, it can be challenge to express and evaluate things
like motivation, enthusiasm, focus and commitment without meeting in person.

Videoconferencing can help overcome most of these issues. Next to a face-to-face meeting,
the videoconference interview is considered the next best way of getting together. The
technology saves money, time, and allows several sites to connect at one time.
Many candidates and interviewers prefer this method to using the telephone for
an interview because it allows everyone to see who theyre talking with and respond more
directly. Large time zone differences between distant locations can sometimes be a
challenge, but compared with traveling, this can be easily managed.
This type of interview is quickly gaining in popularity as it becomes better known
and established.
Videoconference Interview Tips
As with any interview, preparation and practice remain the most important steps for
success. With a videoconference, its no different. Dressing appropriately, showing up on
time, doing your home work on the organization and the job, are all still as important as if
you were going to a face- to-face interview.
In just about every way, a job interview using videoconferencing is weighted the
same as an in-person meeting. However, there are some subtle differences and
disadvantages to be aware of when on camera. Here are a few pointers:

Be prepared if the far site has some synchronization problems. With a slow
connection speed, facial expressions and the speakers voice can occasionally be off
by as much as a second.
Dont read questions or answers off of cue cards. Notes are fine to look at briefly
every once
in a while, but natural conversation and eye contact with the camera are important.
Dont talk for too long at any one time. Its not a good idea live, and can be worse
later if on
videotape when the remote control fast-forward is available.
Speak up if youre having any problem with the audio or video picture. A technical
glitch
wont be held against you.
Keep your hand or body movements down to a minimum. Rapid or repetitious
movements
can look quite jerky on a video monitor.
Look at the camera full-on, head up. Talk to the camera as if someone were sitting
right in
front of you. Speak normally as you would in a conversation, maintain eye contact
and dont
forget to smile.

Wear what you would usually wear in a face-to-face meeting, only using solid
colors. Avoid
wearing plaid and striped patterns, or a white shirt or jacket on camera. Some
cameras can
have focusing problems with very light clothing, and TV monitors tend to create
fluctuating
patterns when trying to broadcast checkered or striped patterns.
Dont get wrapped up in all the technology and how everything works. Remember
to focus
on your presentation and goals during the interview.
Know how long the interview will last. Be aware of the time and make sure you can
cover
your agenda in the allotted interview time.

Activity :
Mock Interview

UNIT-5
Resume writing-structure and presentation, planning, defining the career
objective. projecting ones strengths and skills-sets, summary, formats and

styles letter-writing.

Resume Writing:
A Resume is a selective record of an individuals background. It is basically a professional
employment-seeking document that presents a summary of an individuals education,
professional training, experience, skills, abilities, achievements, and references. It
introduces the individual to a potential employer. A resume is sent to prospective employers
when an applicant is seeking job interviews. So, the main objective of a resume is winning
a job interview by highlighting the applicants fitness for a particular position.
Writing an effective resume that represents ones current skills, abilities,
and background is a challenge faced by all candidates. As a well-written persuasive resume
tailored to a specific job position immediately grabs the attention of an employer, it should
therefore, be made as persuasive as possible.

Structure and Planning:

There is no one right design for a resume. The design of a resume largely depends on a
persons background, employment needs, career goals, and professional conventions in the
area of specialization. For best results, a resume must be designed to reflect the candidates
personality, employment goals, and his/her career aspirations. A resume should be original.
Although resume - writing software may be used to design a resume or it may written by a
professional resume writer/resume-writing services, it should be designed according to
individual needs.

However, whatever the resume design, the resume must answer the following questions.
(a) How can the employer contact the candidate?
(b) What are his/her career objectives?

(c) Which institution has been attended?

(d) What courses (academic or professional) has been completed?
(e) What is his/her work experience?
(f) What are his/her career achievements?
(g) What are his/her special skills or capabilities?
(h) What are the his/her awards or honors that he/she has received?
(i) What are his/her activities/special interests/hobbies?
(j) Who are his/her references?

Parts of Resume:
The standard parts of a resume include the heading, position, ought, career objective,
education, work experience, specific skills, achievements, activities, interests, and
references.
Heading: The heading of a resume includes contact information, which contains the
applicants name, full postal address with pin code, telephone number with area code, fax
number and e-mail address.
Position Sought: If applying for a solicited job position, the position sought should be
mentioned so that the employer is able to distinguish the application from those who might
have applied for other positions available in the company/organization.
Career Objective : Career objective is a special part in a resume. It occurs just above the
main experience and education parts. If responding to an advertised job position, The
resume should include the applicants career objective, which should be tailored to the
position he/she is seeking. Thus, it should be a specific one-sentence focused statement
expressing his career goals in relation to the targeted position. It should convey his/her
motivation and interest in the job he/she is seeking. The following are some examples.
1) To obtain a challenging position in a large software consulting organization
providing business consulting, application development, and product engineering
services, where understanding and experience of business process modeling and

organizational change management to suit customer needs can be used to achieve

set targets.
2) To contribute to the growth of a high technology materials engineering enterprise
by working in a position where I will have opportunities to utilize my exposure and
experience in modeling and designing steel structures, and my hands-on experience
In using FEM/FEA software.
Professional Summary: Some resumes may include a professional summary in place of
career objective. It is a one-sentence statement listing the applicants most important
qualification, his/her essential skills, and his/her key work experience. This part should be
included in the resume if the applicant wishes to highlight the relevance of his/her
qualifications, special skills, and key work experience to the position he/she is applying for.
Education: In this part of the resume, specific details regarding the applicants education
and professional training must be included. The name and location of the school /college
/university /institute attended, dates of attendance, major areas of study, degrees/certificates
received should be mentioned. The applicants grade point average /class/division if it is on
the higher side may also be mentioned. Relevant training programmes, special courses,
seminars and workshops that the applicant might have completed, attended, or conducted
should also be included .Reverse chronological order is used to list educational
information, that is, starting from the most recent educational information.
Work Experience: This part of the resume should provide a brief an specific overview of
the applicants work and professional experience.
Special Skills, Abilities, and aptitudes: In this part of the resume, the applicants special
skills, abilities and aptitudes that are of significance and of direct relevance to the job
applied for are listed. Examples of learned skills include computer programming, computer
processing, etc. Be selective and specific, highlighting only those skills and talents that are
relevant to the targeted job.

Activities and Interests: Extra-curricular, professional activities, and hobbies and interests
must be mentioned.
Achievements/Accomplishments/Honours: The applicants achievements,
accomplishments, and awards distinguish him from the rest. They convince the employer
that he/she is an achiever and therefore worth hiring.
References: Some employers need references from persons who know the applicants work
or professional competence through formal and professional interaction with him/her.
When applying for a solicited position where the employer wants references, the names of
three persons who can give letters of recommendations or references should be mentioned.

Resume Styles: Choosing an appropriate resume style largely depends on the applicants
qualifications, career goals, and personal preferences.
Chronological Resume: This is the most common resume style. It focuses on education
and experience. It organizes past employment record or education in reverse chronological
order. It lists work experience items or educational/professional qualifications starting with
the current or most recent and works backwards in time.

RAHUL ROY
A-25/31,Banjara hills-2,Hyderabad-500340
[email protected]
POSITION SOUGHT

Manager-Project

OBJECTIVE

To contribute to the growth of a leading project management

company by working in a challenging position where I will have
opportunities to utilize my exposure to project management
methodologies and experience as project leader in construction
activities of large scale heavy engineering projects.

EXPERIENCE

Project Leader: Dharampal Premchand Ltd., Banjarahills-2,

Hyderabad-500 340.
December 2001 to present
Complete civil projects within or ahead of the schedule through
Strict planning, monitoring, and control while maintaining the
Best construction standards.
Supervise erection of auxiliary facilities like water treatment,
ETP, cabling, piping and other utilities.
Maintain customer relations through effective presentation of
Technical expertise.
Assistant Project Manager (CIVIL),Subhash Projects and
Marketing Ltd.Park street,Kolkata.
December 1998 to November 2001
Assist in the project management of various civil works being
Executed at site.
Coordinate with Head Office, sites, various departments and
Contractors.
Maintain close liaison with clients

EDUCATION

Pondicherry Engineering College,Pondicherry B.Tech in Civil

Engineering, july 1998.
Institute of Information Technology, Mumbai Certificate in
Computer programming,December,1998.

SPECIAL SKILLS

Professional in MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, Excel, and.

Word98 and 2000
Good problem-solving skills
Excellent communication and Interpersonal skills.
Competent in speaking French.

ACTIVITIES
Member, Institution of Engineers, New Delhi
Member, National cadet Corps,1994-96
INTERESTS
Badminton, Football, Cycling
Classsical Music , Movies.

Functional Resume: Unlike chronological resumes that focus on education and work
experience, functional resumes highlight accomplishments and emphasise skills. Some
employers are more interested in the applicants ability to handle the position they are
applying for, and they would prefer a functional resume rather than a chronological one. A

functional resume provides examples of experiences that demonstrate the skills needed for
the targeted position. The example of functional resume shown below.
RAHUL ROY
A-25/31,Banjara hills-2,Hyderabad-500340
[email protected]
POSITION SOUGHT
Manager-Project
OBJECTIVE
To contribute to the growth of a leading project management company by working in a challenging
Position where I will have opportunities to utilize my exposure to project management methodologies and experience as project leader in
construction activities of large scale heavy
Engineering projects.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Assisted in the project management of various civil works being executed at site at
Subhash Projects and Marketing Ltd.
Completed civil projects within or ahead of the schedule at Dharampal Premchand Ltd.
Maintained strict planning , monitoring and control while maintaining the best construction
standards.
Supervised erection of auxiliary facilities like water treatment, ETP, cabling, piping, and other
utilities.
COORDINATION AND CUSTOMER RELATION
Coordinated with Head Office, sites, various departments, and sub-contractors.
Maintained customer relations through effective presentation of technical expertise.
Maintained close liason with clients
SPECIAL SKILLS
Proficient in MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows Excel and Word 98 and 2000
Good problem-solving skills.
Excellent communication and interpersonal skill
Competent in speaking French
EDUCATION
Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry.
B.Tech in civil Engineering, July 1998
Institute of Information Technology, Mumbai
Certificate in Computer Programming, December,1998
EMPLOYMENT RECORD
2001/present Project Leader, Dharampal Premchand Ltd., Banjara hills-2,Hyderabad-500340
1998/2001
Assistant Project Manager (Civil), Subhash Projects and Marketing Ltd,Park Street
ACTIVITIES
Member ,Institution of Engineers, New Delhi
Member, National Cadet Corps,1994-1996
Secretary,Society for Promotion of Science, New Delhi
INTERESTS
Badminton, Football, Cycling
Classical Music, Movies, Fiction

Combination Resume :As the name suggests, a combination resume follows a mixed
style, drawing on the best characteristics of the chronological and functional resumes.It
highlight skills but includes detailed information about the candidates education and

work experience. Study the example below.

RAHUL ROY

A-25/31, Banjara hills-2,Hyderabad-500340

[email protected]
SKILLS
Conversant in structural steel design and fabrication
Have sufficient exposure to project management methodologies
Competent in managing construction activities of large scale
Heavy Engineering Projects
Good problem-solving skills
Excellent communication and interpersonal skills.
Competent in speaking French
EXPERIENCE

Project Leader, Dharampal Premchand Ltd, Banjara hills-2,

Hyderabad-500340.
December 2001 to present
Complete civil projects within or ahead of the schedule through
Strict planning, monitoring and control while maintaining the best
Construction standards.
Supervise erection of auxiliary facilities like water treatment, ETP,
cabling, piping and other utilities.
Maintain customer relations through effective presentation of
technical expertise.
Assistant Project Manager (Civil), Subhash Projects and Marketing
Ltd, Park Street, Kolkata
December 1998 to November 2001
Assist in the project management of various civil works being
Executed at site.
Coordinate with Head Office, sites, various departments, and subcontractors.
Maintain close liason with clients

EDUCATION

Pondicherry Eng College, Pondicherry

B.Tech in civil Engineering, july 1998.
Institute of Information Technology, Mumbai
Certificate in Computer Programming, December, 1998

ACTIVITIES
Member , Institution of Engineers, New Delhi
Member, National Cadet Corps, 1994-1996.
Secretary,Social for Promotion of Science,New Delhi
INTERESTS
Badminton, Football, Cycling
Classical Music, Movies, Fiction.

Final Tips

Give the Resume a Professional Look

Be Fatual, Comlete and Objective

Use Appropriate Writing Style

Use Specific Details

Organise the Resume properly

Take care of Grammar, Usage, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation.

UNIT-6 - Reading comprehension - reading for facts, guessing meanings from

context, scanning, skimming, inferring meaning, critical reading.

READING A COMMUNICATIVE PROCESS:

What Bacon said years ago is still very relevant. Reading is an important
communicative process and reading skills are probably the most important language skills
required for academic and professional purposes. Quick, efficient, and imaginative reading
techniques are essential in order to achieve academic success, because academic performance
depends on the quantity and quality of reading.
Reading is a complex communicative process of receiving and interpreting the
written word. It involves recognizing what is written and comprehending the matter that,
understands the main and subsidiary points as well as links between different parts of the
written material. While receiving and interpreting the written word, the reader is concerned
with four factors, they are, and Decoding, Comprehending, Text analysis, and Response
which comes under the Reading process as given in the Diagram below:

The reader
reads letters
and focuses
on them in
order to
change the
coded
message in to
information

Decoding

The reader
interprets
the
message
and
understands
its literal
meaning

Comprehending

The reader
critically
examines
and
evaluates
the
message

The
reader
responds
to the
message

Text Analysis Response

The Reading Process

Decoding or interpreting in reading refers to the process of changing the coded
message into information. As it involves understanding the written language, it requires the

ability to recognize words accurately, understand the definitions of the words being used,
and the manners in which words are used in varying contexts. A written message can be
decoded only if we know the language in which the message is encoded. As in the case of
Decoding in listening the Decoding and Interpretation of a written message may be
influenced by our social, cultural, educational, professional and intellectual frames of
reference.
Comprehension in reading refers to the identification of the central theme,
main ideas, supporting details, and writing patterns. In order to comprehend a technical
message, we need to think critically and analytically about what we are reading so that we
able to respond to the lexical meaning of words and the relationship between word to word
and sen
tence to sentence.
After Decoding and Comprehending the literal meaning of a written message, its
significance is evaluated and appropriate conclusions are drawn from it. Text analysis is
essential for critical and evaluative understanding of a text. Text analysis refers to the
process of identifying relationship among different units within the text in order to
distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information i.e; explicit and implicit
information, facts and opinions, and examples and ideas and draw inferences and
conclusions.
Response is our action or reaction to the written message. It completes the
reading process as it is the last step of reading. Our response to a text depends largely on
our correct understanding and evaluation of the text.
READING FOR DIFFERENT KINDS OF TEXTS/ ASPECTS/PURPOSES:
1. Reading with a purpose
Ex:
To get an introductory idea of text;
To get a broad understanding of the subject matter;
To understand scientific ideas, theories, and principles;
To obtain specific information;
To understand new changes and development in a particular field
To broaden ones outlook and understanding
To discover the authors viewpoints; or
To seek evidence for ones own point of view and so on..!
2. Reading for Entertaining Messages/Texts
Ex:
To read a novel
To read an entertaining write-up
To read a joke for pleasure or Enjoyment.
3. Reading for General Messages/Texts

Ex:

To read News papers

To read Journals
To read magazines and their Articles

4. Reading for References Materials

Ex:
To read/refer for Trains arriving and departing schedule in the list
To read/refer for getting adequate meaning of any particular word
from any dictionary.
5. Reading for Business Documents
Ex:
Reading the administrative instructions
Reading the business proposals
Reading the company profiles and so on
6. Reading for Scientific and Technical Texts
Ex:
To read the binocular theory
To read the Engineering drawing theory
7. Reading for facts
Ex:
To read the Discovery articles
To read the Research theories on any specific factual aspect
8. Reading for guessing meaning from word structure and the context
Ex:
To read the un known and difficult words or phrases once or twice to
get competence according to the context of the content
KINDS OF READING STRATEGIES:
1.
2.
3.
4.

SCANNING
SKIMMING
INTENSIVE READING
EXTENSIVE READING

1. SCANNING:
Scanning refers to the ability to locate specific information or facts as
quickly as possible. While trying to look for the meaning of a word in a dictionary or
looking for a telephone number in the telephone directory, just we scan and try to look
for specific information with in that. A few examples are given below in terms of
Scanning.

Ex:

A specific point or in a text

Relevant graphic details
A formulae in a text
A word in a dictionary
Train or television schedules
Any references or bibliographical listings
Examination results
Any notes/questions/remarks at the end of the text

The following suggestions are given below will help to increase proficiency at scanning.
They are;
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Know what you want to find

Do not read Every thing
Use guides and AIDS
Know the Organization of the Material to be Read
Concentrate while scanning

`
2. SKIMMING:
Skimming is a more sophisticated skill than scanning. It refers to the
process of reading in order to get a rough idea of what the text or passage is all about. It
is a rapid reading teaching technique that prepares the reader for the detailed reading.
The main objective of skimming is to understand the central idea using the reading
strategy which involves quick reading and analysis.
Skimming is essential for better understanding of a text. Skimming should answer the
following questions which will help to any particular text that is to be read.
1. What is the overall purpose of the text..?
2. What is the central idea or theme?
3. What is the logical organization..? (General to specific, specific to general,
chronological, more important to less important, less important to more important,
and so on.)
4. What does the author intend to do..? (Describe, instruct report, narrate, explain,
argue, persuade, illustrate, and so on.)
5. What are the main points of the text..?

PREDICTION :

Prediction is, a technique in addition a rapid reading skill in other words

we can simply say that, a kind of Scanning. It refers to the process of reading quickly in
order to guess the information that a passage or text contains. An efficient reader is able
to think ahead, hypothesise, and predict. Predictions about the content of a passage are
generally based on headings, sub-headings, ones background knowledge of the subject,
graphic or non-verbal context such as graphs, diagrams, charts, and so on as well as
linguistic clues.
Prediction includes various micro-skills including the ability to:
Guess the information that the text contains;
Use the index or chapter headings to roughly predict the central theme of the
text;
Scan graphic or non-verbal context such as graphs, diagrams, charts and so
forth to predict the nature and scope of content; and
Use discourse and linguistic clues.
Prediction involves a pre-reading survey of a text. The techniques of prediction involve:
(a) glancing rapidly through the text, before reading any part of it, in order to
familiarize oneself with the subject:
(b) guessing the information that the text contains:
(c) recalling related information: and
(d) analysing the aids in the text that might make reading faster and easier.
Thus, in order to predict and respond to the content of a text, the reader should run his/her
eyes through the text, as fast he/she can in order to predict the information that the text
contains.

3. INTENSIVE READING: In comparison to rapid reading skills, intensive reading is

detailed reading that demands better concentration and motivation. The three rapid
reading techniques of prediction, scanning, and skimming prepare the reader for
intensive reading. If these techniques are used correctly and effectively, it will prepare
the reader for the contents and provide better comprehension and retention of the
information. Using prediction/scan/skim method gives the reader a correct beginning.
It helps in concentrating and focusing on the reading assignment, which is essential
for academic and professional reading.
Moreover, intensive reading requires text analysis for critical
and evaluate understanding of a text. Text analysis is the process of identifying
relationships among different units within the text in order to distinguish between
Relevant and irrelevant information,
Facts and opinions,
Explicit and implicit information,
Examples and ideas, and
Draw inferences and conclusions.

In nutshell, we need the following micro-skills of reading for intensive reading of a

technical text:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)

understanding major and minor details

distinguishing between factual and non-factual information.
Understanding the characteristics of a writers use of language.
Understanding and interpreting graphic information
Identifying and evaluating a writers attitude.
Understanding the authors intention
Responding to more than the plain sense of the words
Distinguishing between explicit and implicit information
Drawing inferences and conclusions

Thus, in order to develop intensive reading skills, thorough reading practice is required.
5. EXTENSIVE READING: Extensive reading is nothing but critical reading which
helps the reader to understand the depth of the content or context in other words authors
notion or intention which is given in the content. The reader here is in a position to
predict as well as analyse the meanings given in the content. The reader here must be in a
position to elicit information as well as think critically in order to analyse content in
addition context and so on.

UNIT-7 - Technical Report writing - Types of formats and styles, subject matter
organization, clarity, coherence and style, planning ,data
collection, tools, analysis

REPORT WRITING
In the modern times engineering, technology and commerce have expanded to a
great extent. They have occasioned the need for written reports. These reports are the
channels of valuable information. Report writing is, in a sense, the ultimate in business
communication. It calls for a considerably higher level of writing skills. Reports are of
various kinds, varying in terms of complexity and size. Reports are such a comman feature
that people in organizations, businesses and institutions, at various levels are called upon to
not only read related reports, but also write or associate with the preparation of the reports.
The person preparing the report must have a clear idea of the following.
(i)

The subject of the report

(ii)

The person who needs the report, and

(iii)

The purpose for which the report will be used.

Engineers and scientists must be able to present information on their findings in

the form of a report.

A good report must also have clarity, brevity, accuracy, and completeness They
must also be objective. There are three sources of information for the report:
(i) Recorded information from previous reports, documents, files, books,
magazines, and journals.
(ii) Investgated information from questionnaires, interviews, and discussions.
(iii)First hand information from personal observations, tests and experiments.

Types of Reports :
Routine reports such as Monthly Report, Performance Report, Review Report and Press
Report.
Research Reports, Survey Reports and Special Reports.
Enquiry Reports and Investigation Reports
Confidential Reports.

 Information Reports and Analytical Reports

Technical Reports
Directors Reports
Annual reports
Committee Reports

The structure of a short report is as follows :

(i)

Terms of reference

(ii)

Investigation procedure adopted

(iii)

Findings from investigation

(iv)

Conclusions drawn

(v)

Recommendations.

The Structure of the detailed report is as follows :

(i)

Title page

(ii)

A table of contents

(iii)

A synopsis

(iv)

The body of the report

(a) Introduction
(b) Investigation methods adopted
(c) Findings from investigation
(d) Conclusions drawn
(e) Recommendations

(v)

Acknowledgements

(vi)

Appendixes

ESSENTIALS OF GOOD REPORT WRITING:

Issue in perspective

Authoritative facts and figures

Maintain a judicial approach

In-depth analysis

Alternative viewpoints

Appropriate annexures

There are three kinds of reports, namely:

(i)

Feasibility Report, relating to the future.

(ii)

Progress Report, relating to the present.

(iii)

Evaluation Report, relating to the past, present and the future.

Nature of Feasibility Report : The term feasibility has two different meanings. In its
limited sense it means technically capable of being done, executed or effected. This is
technically feasibility. In its wider sense the term feasibility means suitable or
reasonable.
Feasibility covers five criteria, namely,
1. Effectiveness
2. Technical Feasibility
3. Desirability
4. Affordability
5. Preferability.
The last criterion should decide whether or not this project is preferable to any other
project, and why.The wider sense of feasibility may cover any other criteria depending
upon a given situation.Similarity, other types of reports have to follow this format. A
progress report should contain documentary evidence of progress. Progress reports are
written before the entire project is completed.

Model Feasibility Report

A REPORT UPON SUITABILITY OF A PLOT OF LAND FOR SETTLING UP A BRICK AND TILE
INDUSTRY MADE TO THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIES GOVT. OF ANDHRA PRADESH

By
N.SWARNA KUMAR
HYDERABAD
OCTOBER 16, 2009

INTRODUCTION
The present report has been prepared for submission to the department of Industries,
Government of Andhra Pradesh, and tile manufacturing unit near Ramachandrapuram
town on the Hyderabad Mumbai Highway. This report has been necessitated by the
fact that Hyderabad and its surroundings are buzzing with unprecedented large scale
building activity which requires great loads of bricks and tiles.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SELECTED SITE:
After surveying a number of plots in and around Hyderabad and other adjoining areas ,
a plain vacant land measuring 10 acres near Ramachandrapuram town on the
Hyderabad-Mumbai National Highway, has been selected for the purpose of locating
the proposed brick and tile industry as a public sector unit. The site is surrounded by
tall palm trees which serve as a protection for the adjustment residential areas from any
pollution emitting from the giant kiln that way be construction on the plot.
FACILITIES AVAILABLE:
The selected site has a good number of advantages and facilities which are listed
below:
1.There is a water tank very close to the plot. The water available in the tank may be
used for wetting the buff-coloured clay which is also available all over the site.
2. The bricks and tiles manufactured on the site can be dried on the banks of the tank
and burnt with the firewood and coal available locally.
3. The local artisans provide cheap labour for making, burning and drying the bricks
and tiles.

4. The site is well-connected to other parts of the state of Andhra Pradesh by road and
rail, so the bricks and tiles produced at this kiln can be readily and easily transported to
other towns and cities.
PRESENT DEMAND AND FUTURE PROSPECTS:
Hyderabad is a very rapidly growing city with an ever increasing building activity.
Newer and newer townships are coming up with a number of multistoried office
complexes, residential flats and housing colonies in addition to innumerable institutions
of school and college education. All these require loads of bricks and tiles besides
cement and sand. All aided public institutions can obtain their required stocks from this
kiln. When production exceeds the local demand, the stocks can be supplied to other
towns and cities which require the material.
RECOMMENDATIONS: In view of the availability of a suitable plot of land very
close to Hyderabad city, immediate availability of facilities like raw materials, water,
transport and work hands, the present demand and future prospects, and grant of funds,
the tile and brick industry will be a physically, technically, monetarily, tactically and
strategically feasible and profitable. There are no better alternative sites and facilities.
The timing is appropriate and the proposal is flawless.
MODEL PROGRESS REPORT
INTRODUCTION:

This report has been prepared on the basis of the feasibility report that
recommended establishment of a brick and tile industry as a public sector unit 10 kms
north of Ramachandrapuram town on the Hyderabad-Mumbai Highway.
PREPARATION OF THE SITE:

The site was surveyed and a fence was put up. Rocks and brushwood were
cleared, and pits were filled. A temporary structure was built for the office and a shed
was put up for a godown. A borewell was sunk for the provision of water. To start with,
a dozen skilled and unskilled labourhands were recruited to work on monthly basis.

With the help of these workhands a giant kiln was constructed on the site with a
capacity to forge 25,000 bricks or tiles at a time.
PREPARATIONS MADE FOR ACQUIRING RAW MATERIAL :

The workhands transported to the kiln, loads of buff clay and sand, coal and
firewood. The first consignment of bricks and tiles were forged, burnt and dried. They
were stockpiled in the godown.
ORDER FOR SUPPLY :

A good number of contractors and builders of offices, schools, housing

complexes, bridges, and flyovers placed orders for supply huge stocks of bricks and
tiles. Work is in full swing to meet the growing demand for supply of the material.
EXPENDITURE AND PROFIT :

Excluding the cost of the site, the infrastructure and other incidents, the unit
made considerable profits within a short period of six months. The quality of the bricks
and tiles produced at this kiln were of a high quality being very strong and durable. So
far the net profits crossed an average of Rs. 5/- lakhs per month.
CONCLUSIONS:

On the basis of the popularity and profits of the unit, it is obvious that the unit
has a very bright future. It also has the potential of further expansion.
MODEL EVALUATION REPORT
INTRODUTION:

The report is based on the progress report that gave a promising picture of the
brick and tile industry as a public sector unit located 10 kms north of
Ramachandarpuram town on the Hyderabad-Mumbai Highway.
ASSETS OF THE UNIT :

Within a short time after its establishment, the brick and tile industry earned a
name for itself as,
(i) A reliable and consistent supplier
(ii) An uncompromising producer of quality goods
(iii)

A timely supplier of sufficient stocks of goods

(iv) A service-oriented unit.

STRENGTHS OF THE UNIT:

The strengths of the unit are

(i)

Sincere and honest workhands

(ii)

Convenient locations within the easy reach of all concerned

(iii) Durable goods

(iv) Frequent quality testing and professional supervision
PROFIT LEVEL:

The unit has registered considerable profits within a year of starting the production. The
unit has no financial problem. It is a healthy unit and has the potential to grow and has
the potential to grow and diversify its activities. It has earned enough capital to invest
in further growth.
RECOMMENDATIONS:

The following recommendations are made for the further growth of the unit
I.

One more giant kiln be built to meet the growing demands.

II.

Production of solid and hollow concrete blocks be commissioned.

III.

House building for low and middle income group people be considered.

IV.

Office administration and record maintenance be computerized for greater

efficiency.

V.

Employees be paid production and profit oriented emoluments and bonus.

SHORT REPORTS

Sometimes short reports are also written in the letter form as follows:
Aug 10, 2002
To,
The commissioner of school education
Government of Andhra Pradesh
Hyderabad.
Dear Sir,
Sub: Introducing Computer Education in School Curriculum
Ref: Your letter dated May 1, 2002
On 1st May this year you asked us to study the feasibility and desirable of introducing
Computer Education in all the government, aided unaided schools in Andhra Pradesh
keeping in view the changing trends of time. Accordingly, we have made an in depth
study of the issue. The report is submitted as fallows:
ENQUIRIES MADE:
We met different levels of people to elicit their views on the feasibility or
desirability of introducing Computer Education in Schools. The schedule of our
meetings was as fallows :
May 3, 2002

: Met senior officials of the Department of School Education.

May 4-6, 2002

: Spoke to District Educational Officers in Person and

Telephone.

May 7-20, 2002

: Met representatives of private school managements,

Headmasters and staff of certain selected schools and discussed
the matter with them.

May 21-31, 2002

: Informally met the students of certain selected schools and

recorded their views.

June 2-15, 2002

: Held informal discussions with the parents of school children.

June 17-20, 2002 : Met eminent educationalists and elicited their views.
PRESENT SITUATION:

At present the school curriculum does not provide for computer Education. The
maximum focus is on conventional type of education. Science and occupy most of the
space in the school curriculum. The office uses a computer system but the students are not
exposed to the computer in any form. Most of the schools do not have even regular science
laboratory facilities.
In fact, the school authorities do not bother to update the curriculum, but keep
the students in the dark. They do not realize the importance and necessity of computer
Education.
FUTURE POLICY:

Computer science together with information Technology is the only way out
for most of the ills of the society. I t provides a new look and opens an unlimited scope for
knowledge on an unprecedented scale and a high employment potential. In fact the
Computer is known for its speed, accuracy and efficiency. The computer has become the
base for study, understanding and evaluation of all other sciences. The foundations of
Computer Education must be laid at school level itself so that the students can learn to
appreciate the amazing potentialities of the computer at an early age. The whole world is
moving forward and our children should not lag behind. So the future policy of the
authorities should be a computer-aided and computer-oriented school education for all its
obvious advantages and benefits. All the officials, teacher, students and their parents have
called for immediate introduction of computer Education in all the schools in A Andhra
Pradesh.
RECOMMENDATIONS:

We therefore make the following recommendations:

I.
II.
III.

A functional Computer Education curriculum be drafted and prescribed in all

schools with effect from the academic year 2002-03.
All schools be provided with Computers along with necessary laboratory
facilities.
Required number of trained teachers be appointed immediately.
We are unanimous in our opinion that these recommendations provide a sound
basis for introducing Computer Education in all the schools in the state of
Andhra Pradesh wit effect from AD 2002-2003.
Yours faithfully
SIGNATURE WITH DESIGNATIONS

XXXXXXXXXXX
1.

Dr. C.V. VIDYANIDHI

Vice-Chancellor
Royal University
NAGPUR.

2. Dr. S. SAMANTAKAMANI
Vice-Chancellor
Mahila University
HYDERABAD.
A MODEL REPORT ON AN ACCIDENT
A Model Report submitted to the Chairman, Babu Industrial Gases (Pvt) Limited,
Ramachandrapuram, on the gas accident that occurred in the Production Unit of Factory on
Aug 1, 2000. A detailed enquiry has been made to identify the persons responsible for the
accident, to estimate the extent of damage and loss, to determine how the accident started
and to identify the causes of the accident.
LOCATION OF THE ACCIDENT :

The detailed inspection of the factory soon after the accident has confirmed
the first information report that the accident started in the godown where empty gas
cylinders were kept. This godown is adjacent to the actual gas chamber where the cylinders
are filled, seated and made ready for transport.
TIME OF THE ACCIDENT :

The accident occurred at 5pm On Aug 1, just as the staff were about to stop
work for the day. Some employees as usual went round the factory switching off electrical
connections and carrying out general check up.
PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACCIDENT:

The firsthand account of the accident and the limited extent of damage
confirm that no employee of the factory is responsible for the accident. No foul play or
sabotage is suspected. It is a routine accident.
EXTENT OF DAMAGE OR LOSS:

The damage or loss caused by the gas accident inside the godown of the
factory is not very serious; only three employees, who removed the gas masks after the
days work, inhaled the leaking chlorine and felt suffocated. They were immediately shifted
to Hospital. They are said to be out of danger.

HOW THE ACCIDENT OCCURRED:

The accident was caused by the leakage of chloride gas from loose pipe
fittings. Obviously the leakage occurred just then and immediately the staff were alerted.
CAUSE OF THE ACCIDENT:

The causes of the gas accident that has occurred in the factory are just
routine or normal. The old pipe work and loose joints caused leakage of gas.
MEASURES TO PREVENT ACCIDENT IN FUTURE:

The following measures may be adopted to prevent gas accidents in future:

1. All the employees must wear the gas masks till they come out of the factory.
2. Old pipelines and fittings must be repaired and replaced from time to time.
3. All the main pipelines must be switched off immediately after the days work.
CHIEF ENGINEER