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Basics Computer

The document defines basic computer terminology including: - ALU, which performs arithmetic and logic operations within a CPU. - Artificial intelligence, which allows computers to act like humans through applications like software simulations and robotics. - Backup, which is a copy of a file or disk made for archiving purposes. - Bandwidth, which describes the maximum data transfer rate of a network connection. - Bridge, which connects two or more local area networks. - Byte, which is a piece of computer information made up of eight bits. - CPU, which is the central processing unit or "brains" of the computer. - Database, which is an electronic list of information that can be sorted

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Prakash Thala
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72 views

Basics Computer

The document defines basic computer terminology including: - ALU, which performs arithmetic and logic operations within a CPU. - Artificial intelligence, which allows computers to act like humans through applications like software simulations and robotics. - Backup, which is a copy of a file or disk made for archiving purposes. - Bandwidth, which describes the maximum data transfer rate of a network connection. - Bridge, which connects two or more local area networks. - Byte, which is a piece of computer information made up of eight bits. - CPU, which is the central processing unit or "brains" of the computer. - Database, which is an electronic list of information that can be sorted

Uploaded by

Prakash Thala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Coimbatore-21

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Basic Computer Terminologies


ALU- An ALU is an integrated circuit within a CPU that performs arithmetic and logic
operations.
Artificial Intelligence - It is the ability of a computer to act like a human being. It has several
applications, including software simulations and robotics.
Authenticity-Authenticity is the principle of certifying the identity of a party.
Backup - a copy of a file or disk you make for archiving purposes.
Bandwidth- Bandwidth describes the maximum data transfer rate of
a network or Internet connection. It measures how much data can be sent over a specific
connection in a given amount of time
Bridge- In computer networking, a bridge connects two or more local area networks (LANs)
together.
BUS-Each bus inside a computer consists of set of wires that allow data to be passed back and
forth.
Byte - a piece of computer information made up of eight bits.
Bug - a programming error that causes a program to behave in an unexpected way.
Cartridge drive - a storage device, like a hard drive, in which the medium is a cartridge that can
be removed.
Compression - a technique that reduces the size of a saved file by elimination or encoding
redundancies
Confidentiality-Confidentiality is the principle of protecting information from disclosure to
unauthorized entities.
Cold backup-During a cold backup, the database is closed or locked and not available to users.

CPU - the Central Processing Unit. The processing chip that is the "brains" of a computer.

Database - an electronic list of information that can be sorted and/or searched.


Data - information processed by a computer. The smallest unit of data in a computer is a bit,
which may in one of two states (represented by the numbers 0 and 1).
Desktop computer-A desktop computer is a computer that is designed to stay in a single
location and not a portable
Disk - a spinning platter made of magnetic or optically etched material on which data can be
stored.
Disk drive - the machinery that writes the data from a disk and/or writes data to a disk.
Disk window - the window that displays the contents or directory of a disk.
Document collection of information stored in a file.
Download - to transfer data from one computer to another. (If you are on the receiving end, you
are downloading. If you are on the sending end, you are uploading ).
Driver - a file on a computer which tells it how to communicate with an add-on piece of
equipment (like a printer).
File - the generic word for an application, document, control panel or other computer data.
Fragmentation - The breaking up of a file into many separate locations in memory or on a disk.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)- is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from
one host to another host over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet.
Hard drive - a large capacity storage device made of multiple disks housed in a rigid case.
Head crash - a hard disk crash caused by the heads coming in contact with the spinning disk(s).
Hardware-Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer and related devices.
Hub-This is a hardware device that is used to network multiple computers together. It is a central
connection for all the computers in a network,
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)- is an application protocol for distributed,
collaborative, hypermedia information systems
Hardware interface It is used to connect two or more electronic devices together. For
example, a printer typically connects to a computer via a USB interface

Hot backup- to generate a backup image of the database while it is online and usable
Input Devices-An input device is any device that provides input to a computer. There are dozens
of possible input devices, but the two most common ones are a keyboard and mouse.
iPad-The iPad is a tablet computer developed by Apple significantly larger than the
average Smart phone.
Integrity-Integrity is the principle of protecting information against improper modification
Information are Knowledge derived from study, experience, or instruction.
Latency The time delay for a read/write operation to execute.
MAC address-A MAC address is a hardware identification number that uniquely identifies each
device on a network.
Main frame -A mainframe is an ultra high-performance computer made for high-volume,
processor-intensive computing
Memory - Memory can refer to any medium of data storage, it usually refers to random access
memory.
Modem-It is a communications device that allows one computer to connect another computer
and transfer data over telephone lines.
Motherboard-The motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer and is also known as
the main board or logic board
Multi-core-Multi-core technology refers to CPUs that contain two or more processing cores.
Multi tasking - running more than one application in memory at the same time.
Network-attached storage (NAS)- It is file-level computer data storage connected to a
computer network providing data access to a heterogeneous group of clients.
Network File System (NFS)- is a distributed file system protocol allowing a user on a
client computer to access files over a network
Optical Drive-It have lasers that read the bumps and dips as ones and zeros, which the computer
can understand. Eg CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-RW, and Blu-ray drives
Output Device-Any device that outputs information from a computer is called an output device.
the most common output devices are the monitor and speakers.
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Operating system - the system software that controls the computer.


Optical disk - a high-capacity storage medium that is read by a laser light.
Quad-core -A quad-core CPU has four processing cores in a single chip
RAM (random-access memory), a type of volatile storage within which any byte may be
accessed directly, by its address, in any order rather than in a particular sequence
RAID-(Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks)- is the organization of multiple disks into a large,
high performance logical disk.
ROM (read-only memory), non-volatile storage programmed to contain static data repeatedly of
use by the computer.Memory that can only be read from and not written to.
Routers-This is a hardware device that routes data from a local area network to another network
Replication is the process of copying the data from one computer or server to another
Storage Area Network (SAN)- it is a dedicated network that provides access to consolidated,
block level data storage.
Save - to write a file onto a disk.
Storage virtualization- It is the process of abstracting logical storage from physical storage
Supercomputer-It is a high performance computing machine designed to have extremely
fast processing speeds.
Save as - (a File menu item) to save a previously saved file in a new location and/or with a new
name.
Scroll - to shift the contents of a window to bring hidden items into view.
Scroll bar - a bar at the bottom or right side of a window that contains the scroll box and allows
scrolling.
SCSI - Small Computer System Interface used to connect Computer in a network
Server - a central computer dedicated to sending and receiving data from other computers
Software- It is a collection of programs used to perform specific operation in a computer
Start up disk - the disk containing system software and is designated to be used to start the
computer.
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Switch-A switch is used to network multiple computers together. Switches are more advanced
than hubs and less capable than routers
Uninterruptible Power Source (UPS)- a constantly charging battery pack which powers the
computer in the case of power shutdown

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