Drug Name

Dosage

Paracetam
ol

Per Orem: 325650mg q4h up to a

maximum of 1 gram
q6h.

BRAND
NAME(S):
Panadol, T
ylenol

Therapeutic
Action
1.

Decre
ases
fever by a
hypothala
mic effect
leading to
sweating
and
vasodilati
on
2.
Inhibit
s pyrogen
effect on
the
hypothala
mic-heatregulating
centers
3.
Inhibit
s CNS
prostagla
ndin
synthesis
with
minimal
effects on
peripheral
prostagla
ndin
synthesis
4.
Does

Indication
1.

Control of pain
due to headache,
earache,
dysmenorrhea,
arthralgia, myalgia,
musculoskeletal
pain, arthritis,
immunizations,
teething,
tonsillectomy
2.
O reduce fever
in viral and
bacterial infections
3.
As a substitute
for aspirin in upper
GI disease,
bleeding disorders
clients in anti

Contraindication
1.

Renal
Insufficiency
2.
Anemia

Adverse Effect
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Minimal GI upset.
Methemoglobinemia
Hemolytic Anemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Pancytopenia
Leukopenia
Urticaria
CNS stimulation
Hypoglycemic coma
Jaundice
Glissitis
Drowsiness
Liver Damage

Nursing Consideration
1.

2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.
10.

11.

12.

Do not exceed 4gm/24hr. in

adults and 75mg/kg/day in
children.
Do not take for >5days for
pain in children, 10 days for pain
in adults, or more than 3 days for
fever in adults.
Extended-Release tablets are
not to be chewed.
Monitor CBC, liver and renal
functions.
Assess for fecal occult blood
and nephritis.
Avoid using OTC drugs with
Acetaminophen.
Take with food or milk to
minimize GI upset.
Report N&V. cyanosis,
shortness of breath and
abdominal pain as these are
signs of toxicity.
Report paleness, weakness
and heart beat skips
Report abdominal pain,
jaundice, dark urine, itchiness or
clay-colored stools.
Phenmacetin may cause urine
to become dark brown or winecolored.
Report pain that persists for
more than 3-5 days

not cause
ulceration
of the GI
tract and
causes
no
anticoagu
lant
action.

13.
14.

Avoid alcohol.
This drug is not for regular
use with any form of liver
disease.

Drug Name

Dosage

Therapeutic
Action

325 mg q8 PRN

Binds to muopiod receptors

and inhibits the
reuptake of
nonepinephrine
and serotonin;
causes many
effects similar
to opiods.

Tramadol
analgesic

Indication

Relief of moderate to
moderately severe pain.
Relief of moderate to
severe chronic pain in
adults.

Contraindication

Contraindicated with
allergy to tramadol or
opioids or
psychoactive drugs.

Adverse Effect

Nursing Consideration

Sedation
Dizziness
Vertigo
Headache
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Sweating
Nausea and vomiting

Control environment (temperature, lighting)

Drug Name

Dosage

Levofloxaci
n

500mg per tablet

OD

Therapeutic
Action
Levofloxacin is
an antibiotic
that is used for
treating
bacterial
infections.
Many common
infections in
humans are
caused by
bacteria.
Bacteria can
grow and
multiply,
infecting
different parts
of the body.
Drugs that
control and
eradicate these
bacteria are
called
antibiotics.
Levofloxacin is
an antibiotic
that stops
multiplication of
bacteria by
preventing the
reproduction

Indication

Contraindication

Adverse Effect

To reduce the
development of drugresistant bacteria and
maintain the
effectiveness of
Levofloxacin and other
antibacterial drugs,
Levofloxacin should be
used only to treat or
prevent infections that
are proven or strongly
suspected to be caused
by susceptible bacteria.
When culture and
susceptibility information
are available, they
should be considered in
selecting or modifying
antibacterial therapy. In
the absence of such
data, local epidemiology
and susceptibility
patterns may contribute
to the empiric selection
of therapy.

is contraindicated in
persons with known
hypersensitivity to
levofloxacin, or other
quinolone
antibacterials

The most frequently

reported side events
of levofloxacin
are nausea or vomitin
g,
diarrhea, headache,
and constipation.
Less common side
effects include
difficulty
sleeping, dizziness, a
bdominal
pain,rash, abdominal
gas, and itching.

Nursing Consideration

Learn important indications for discontinuing

drug and immediately notifying physician.

Consume fluids liberally while taking

levofloxacin.

Allow a minimum of 2 h between drug dosage

and taking any of the following: Aluminum or
magnesium antacids, iron supplements,
multivitamins with zinc, or sucralfate.

Avoid exposure to excess sunlight or artificial

UV light.

Avoid NSAIDs while taking levofloxacin, if

possible.

Do not breast feed while taking this drug.

and repair of
their genetic
material, DNA.
It is in a class of
antibiotics
called
fluoroquinolone
s, a class that
includesciproflo
xacin (Cipro),
norfloxacin
(Noroxin), oflox
acin (Floxin),
trovafloxacin
(Trovan), and
lomefloxacin
(Maxaquin).

Drug Name

Dosage

Omeprazol
e

600 mg per tablet

glass of H2O

Therapeutic
Action
Omeprazole is
in a class of
drugs called
proton pump
inhibitors (PPI)
that block the
production of
acid by the
stomach. Other
drugs in the
class
include lansopr
azole (Prevacid
),rabeprazole (
Aciphex), panto
prazole (Protoni
x),
and esomepraz
ole (Nexium).
Proton pump
inhibitors are
used for the
treatment of
conditions such

Indication

Short-term
treatment of
active duodenal
ulcer
First-line
therapy in
treatment of
heartburn or
symptoms of
GERD

Short-term
treatment of
active benign
gastric ulcer

GERD, severe
erosive
esophagitis,
poorly
responsive

Contraindication

Contraindic
ated
with hyperse
nsitivity
to omeprazo
le or its
components.
Use
cautiously
with
pregnancy,
lactation.

Adverse Effect
Omeprazole like
other PPIs is welltolerated. The most
common side effects
are diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, headaches,
rash anddizziness.
Nervousness,
abnormal
heartbeat, muscle
pain, weakness, leg
cramps, and water
retention occur
infrequently.

Nursing Consideration

History: Hypersensitivity to omeprazole or

any of its components; pregnancy, lactation

Physical: Skin lesions; T; reflexes, affect;

urinary output, abdominal examination;
respiratory auscultation

Interventions

Administer before meals. Caution patient to

swallow capsules wholenot to open, chew,
or crush them. If using oral suspension, empty
packet into a small cup containing 2 tbsp of
water. Stir and have patient drink immediately;
fill cup with water and have patient drink this
water. Do not use any other diluent.

WARNING: Arrange for further evaluation of

patient after 8 wk of therapy
for gastroreflux disorders; not intended for

as ulcers,
gastroesophag
eal reflux
disease
(GERD) and
the ZollingerEllison
syndrome,
which are all
caused by
stomach acid.
Omeprazole,
like
otherprotonpump inhibitors,
blocks the
enzyme in the
wall of the
stomach that
produces acid.
By blocking the
enzyme, the
production of
acid is
decreased, and
this allows the
stomach and
esophagus to
heal. Zegerid
contains
omeprazole
and an antacid
(sodium
bicarbonate).

symptomatic
GERD

Long-term
therapy:
Treatment of
pathologic
hypersecretory
conditions
(ZollingerEllison
syndrome,
multiple
adenomas,
systemic masto
cytosis)
Eradication
of H. pylori with
amoxicillin
or metronidazol
e and clarithrom
ycin

Prilosec
OTC: Treatment
of frequent
heartburn (2 or
more days per
week)

Unlabeled use:
Posterior

maintenance therapy. Symptomatic

improvement does not rule out gastric cancer,
which did occur in preclinical studies.

Administer antacids with omeprazole, if

needed.

Teaching points

Take the drug before meals. Swallow the

capsules whole; do not chew, open, or crush
them. If using the oral suspension, empty
packet into a small cup containing 2 tbsp of
water. Stir and drink immediately; fill cup with
water and drink this water. Do not use any
other liquid or food to dissolve the packet.
This drug will need to be taken for up to 8 wk
(short-term therapy) or for a prolonged period
(> 5 yr in some cases).
Have regular medical follow-up visits.
You may experience these side effects:
Dizziness (avoid driving or performing
hazardous tasks); headache (request
medications); nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
(maintain proper nutrition); symptoms of URI,
cough (do not self-medicate; consult with your
health care provider if uncomfortable).
Report severe headache, worsening of

laryngitis;
enhance
efficacy
of pancreatin for
the treatment
of steatorrhea in
cystic fibrosis

symptoms, fever, chills.

Drug Name
Silver
Sulfadiazin
e

Drug Name

Dosage

The burn wounds

are then cleansed
and debrided, and
SILVADENE Cream
1% (silver
sulfadiazine) is
applied under sterile
conditions. The burn
areas
should be covered
with SILVADENE
Cream 1% at all
times. The cream
should be applied
once
to twice daily to a
thickness of
approximately 1/16
inch.

Dosage

Therapeutic
Action

Bactericidal for
many grampositive and
gram-negative
organisms.
Mechanism of
action differs
from that of
silver nitrate or
sodium
sulfadiazine.
Acts only on the
cell membrane
and cell wall.

Therapeutic
Action

Indication

Contraindication

This medication is used

with other treatments to
help prevent and treat
wound infections in
patients with serious
burns. Silver
sulfadiazine works by
stopping the growth of
bacteria that may infect
an open wound. This
helps to decrease the
risk of the bacteria
spreading to surrounding
skin, or to the blood
where it can cause a
serious blood infection
(sepsis).
Silver sulfadiazine belon
gs to a class of drugs
known as sulfa
antibiotics.

SILVADENE Cream
1% (silver
sulfadiazine) is
contraindicated in
patients who are
hypersensitive to
silver sulfadiazine or
any of the other
ingredients in the
preparation

Indication

Contraindication

Adverse Effect
Pain, burning,
or itching of the
treated skin may
occur. Skin and
mucous membranes
(such as the gums)
may become
blue/gray in color. If
any of these effects
persist or worsen, tell
your doctor or
pharmacist promptly.

Nursing Consideration

Adverse Effect

Complete blood counts (CBCs) (may be

required prior to and weekly during treatment
to detect blood dyscrasias in patients with
extensive burns;
therapy should be discontinued if a significant
decrease in the count of any formed blood
elements occurs
Serum sulfadiazine concentrations (may be
required periodically during treatment in
patients with extensive burns since serum
sulfadiazine concentrations may approach
adult therapeutic concentrations)
Urinalyses (may be required prior to and
periodically during treatment to detect
crystalluria and/or urinary calculi formation in
patients on long-term or high-dose therapy
and in patients with impaired renal function

Nursing Consideration

Hydrocortis
one

100mg TIV Q8

Hydrocortisone
sodium
succinate has
the same
metabolic and
antiinflammatory
actions as
hydrocortisone.
When given
parenterally
and in
equimolar
quantities, the
two compounds
are equivalent
in biologic
activity.
Following the
intravenous
injection of
hydrocortisone
sodium
succinate,
demonstrable
effects are
evident within
one hour and
persist for a
variable period.
Excretion of the
administered
dose is nearly
complete within
12 hours. Thus,
if constantly

This medication is a
corticosteroid, prescribed
for severe allergies,
arthritis, asthma, multiple
sclerosis and skin
conditions. It is also
used to treat certain
types of cancer.

Contraindicated in
patients with systemic
fungal infection, who
are taking
mifepristone and
hypersensitivity.

Fluid and Electrolyte

Disturbances Sodium retention,
fluid retention, heart
failure, high blood
pressure and
potassium loss.

History: Infections; kidney disease; liver

disease, hypothyroidism; ulcerative colitis with
impending perforation; diverticulitis; recent GI
surgery; active or latent peptic ulcer;
inflammatory bowel disease; hypertension,
CHF; thromboembolitic tendencies, thrombop
hlebitis, osteoporosis, seizure disorders,
metastatic carcinoma, diabetes mellitus;
lactation. Retention
enemas, intrarectal foam: Systemic fungal
infections; recent intestinal surgery, extensive
fistulas. Topical dermatologic
administration: Fungal, tubercular, herpes
simplex skin infections; vaccinia, varicella; ear
application when eardrum is perforated

Physical: Systemic administration: Weight, T;

reflexes, affect, bilateral grip strength,
ophthalmologic examination; BP, P,
auscultation, peripheral perfusion,
discoloration, pain or prominence of
superficial vessels; R, adventitious sounds,
chest x-ray; upper GI x-ray (history or
symptoms of peptic ulcer), liver palpation;
CBC, serum electrolytes, 2-hr postprandial
blood glucose, urinalysis, thyroid function
tests, serum cholesterol. Topical,
dermatologic preparations: Affected area,
integrity of skin

Musculoskeletal Muscle weakness,

loss of muscle mass,
joint inflammation,
vertebral
compression
fractures and cell
death in thighbone.
Gastrointestinal Peptic ulcer, stomach
bleeding, abdominal
distention and
ulcerative
esophagus.
Skin - Impaired
wound healing, facial
redness and
increased sweating.
Central Nervous
System Convulsions, stroke,
vertigo and
headache.
Genitourinary -

high blood
levels are
required,
injections
should be made
every 4 to 6
hours. This
preparation is
also rapidly
absorbed when
administered
intramuscularly
and is excreted
in a pattern
similar to that
observed after
intravenous
injection.

Menstrual
irregularities,
development of
Cushingoid state and
suppression of
growth in pediatric
patients.
Eye - Increased eye
pressure and
protruding eyeball.