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Dynamics: m1 m2 m3 m4 Fig (Vi) F

1. A rope under tension has a force F at one end that decreases linearly with distance x from that end such that the tension is F(1 - L/x) where L is the rope length. 2. Newton's laws of motion have limitations including not applying at very small or large scales, in very strong gravitational fields, or when particles interact through force fields rather than contact. 3. Work is defined as the product of the force and displacement in the direction of the force. It is measured in joules and is the energy transferred by the force.

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24 views2 pages

Dynamics: m1 m2 m3 m4 Fig (Vi) F

1. A rope under tension has a force F at one end that decreases linearly with distance x from that end such that the tension is F(1 - L/x) where L is the rope length. 2. Newton's laws of motion have limitations including not applying at very small or large scales, in very strong gravitational fields, or when particles interact through force fields rather than contact. 3. Work is defined as the product of the force and displacement in the direction of the force. It is measured in joules and is the energy transferred by the force.

Uploaded by

WillSmith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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m1 m2 m3 m4
Fig (vi)
F

mP
M
T1 T2 T3
m1 m2 m3
Dynamics
62
58. A rope of length L is pulled by a constant force F. The tension in the rope at
a distance x from
the end where it is applied is F(1
L
x ).
59. Limitations

of Newtons law of motion:


a) It is applicable only for speeds
V << C (C = speed of light)
b) It is not applicable in the domain of atoms, molecules, sub atomic particles.
c) It is not applicable when there is a very strong gravitational field.
d) The concept of Newton III law is not applicable, when particles interact with
each other by
means of a force field.
e) Newtons laws are not applicable for very small accelerations. (a < 10 1 ms
2)
WORKPOWERENERGY :
1. Work is said to be done when the point of application of force has some
displacement in the
direction of the force.
2. The amount of work done is given by the dot product of force and
displacement.
F.s = Fscos

3. Work is independent of the time taken and is a scalar.


4. If the force and displacement are perpendicular to each other, then the work
done is zero.
5. A person rowing a boat upstream is at rest with respect to an observer on the
shore. According to
the observer the person does not perform any work. However, the person
performs work against the flow of water. If he stops rowing the boat, the
boat moves in the direction of flow of water and work is performed by the
force due to flow, as there is displacement in the direction of flow.
6. If the work is done by a uniformly varying force such as restoring force in a
spring, then the work
done is equal to the product of average force and displacement.
7. If the force is varying nonuniformly, then the work done = ds . F = cos . ds
.F.
8. The area of Fs graph gives the work done.

9. SI unit of work is joule. Joule is the work done when a force of one newton
displaces a body
through one metre in the direction of force.
10. CGS unit of work is erg; 1 J = 107 ergs.
11. The work done in lifting an object of mass m through a height h is equal to
mgh.
12. When a body of mass m is raised from a height h1 to height h2, then the
work done = mg(h2 h1).
13. Let a body be lifted through a height 'h' vertically upwards by a force 'F'
acting upwards. Then, the
work done by the resultant force is W = (F mg)h.
14. The work done on a spring in stretching or compressing it through a distance
x is given
W=
2
1 kx2 where

k is the force constant or spring constant.


15. Work done in changing the elongation of a spring from x1 to x2 is W =
2
1 k(x x2 )
1
22

16. a) The work done in pulling the bob of a simple pendulum of length L
through an
angle as shown in the figure is
W=mgL(1cos ) = 2mgLsin2(/2)
b) the velocity acquired by it when released from that position is v = 2gl(1 cos)
F
s

Dynamics
63

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