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Child Development

This document outlines developmental indicators for social emotional development from birth to age 3 1/2. It describes skills in three areas - attachment/trust, self-awareness/identity, and exploration/autonomy - for three age ranges: infant (birth to 15 months), toddler (12 months to 2 1/2 years), and preschool (2 1/2 to 3 1/2 years). In infants, indicators include recognizing caregivers' voices and faces and checking back when crawling away. Toddlers prefer familiar adults, experience separation anxiety, and express strong feelings. In preschoolers, indicators involve dramatic play, planning ahead, self-evaluation, taking turns in conversation, and expressing ideas through a larger vocabulary.

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Dunja Kojić
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148 views1 page

Child Development

This document outlines developmental indicators for social emotional development from birth to age 3 1/2. It describes skills in three areas - attachment/trust, self-awareness/identity, and exploration/autonomy - for three age ranges: infant (birth to 15 months), toddler (12 months to 2 1/2 years), and preschool (2 1/2 to 3 1/2 years). In infants, indicators include recognizing caregivers' voices and faces and checking back when crawling away. Toddlers prefer familiar adults, experience separation anxiety, and express strong feelings. In preschoolers, indicators involve dramatic play, planning ahead, self-evaluation, taking turns in conversation, and expressing ideas through a larger vocabulary.

Uploaded by

Dunja Kojić
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Developmental Continuum from Birth to Age 3 1/2:

Social Emotional Indicators*


Age Range
Infant (Birth to 15 mos)

Toddler (12 mos to 2


yrs)

Preschool (2 to 3
yrs)

Attachment Trust/Security
Newborns recognize
human language and prefer
their own mother's voice
Prefer human faces
Early social interaction
is a smile and mutual
gazing
Crawls away but checks
back visually, calls, and
gestures to ensure adult
contact
Stretches arms to be taken
Prefers familiar adults
Acts anxious around
strangers
Uses a blanket or stuffed
toy for security and
reassurance
Relates to others by
exploring things with them
Pulls up, stands holding
furniture, then walks alone
Goes through a phase of
clinging to primary caregiver
Experiences periods of
intense feelings when
separating or reuniting with
a parent
Sees others as a barrier to
immediate gratification
Is capable of dramatic play
Has better control over all
aspects of self
Needs adult coaching to
get along well with others
Shows feelings with words
and in symbolic play
Is more aware that others
have feelings
Can plan ahead

Self-Awareness
Identity/Self Esteem

Exploration
Autonomy/Independence

Goes from accidentally


sucking own hands to
carefully watching them
Tries to make things
happen
Hits or kicks things to
make a pleasing sight or
sound continue
Talks to self when alone
Prefers to be held by
familiar people
Imitates adult behaviors
Knows own name
Understands simple
directions

Brings thumb or hand to


mouth
Tracks mothers voice
Observes own hands
Babbles using all types of
sounds
Uses a few words mixed
with babbling to form
sentences
Tries to keep a knee ride
going by bouncing to get
the adult started again
Shows strong feelings
(anger, anxiety, affection)

Knows can make things


happen but is not sure of
responsibility for actions
Becomes bossy
Uses the words Me, You,
and I
Says "No" to adults
Explores everything
Is sensitive to others'
judging behavior

Keeps looking for a toy that


is hidden from view
Understands many more
words than can say
Has wide mood swings
(for example, from stubborn
to cooperative)
Wants to do things by self

Is capable of self-evaluation
(for example,
good, bad, pretty, ugly)
Tries to control self (for
example, emotions and
toileting)
Is learning to take turns in
conversations
Knows a lot about
communicating in the style
of own culture

Uses names of self and


others
Can tell others about what
happened that day
Has much larger
vocabulary to express
ideas
Shows concern for others
Classifies, labels, and sorts
objects and experiences
into groups

Adapted with permission from J. Ronald Lally, Abbey Griffin, et al., Caring for Infants and Toddlers in Groups: Developmentally
Appropriate Practice (Washington, DC: ZERO TO THREE/The National Center, 1995), pp. 78-79.
The Center on the Social and Emotional Foundations for Early Learning; Vanderbilt University (http://www.vanderbilt.edu/csefel)

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