CHAPTER 1

The Problem
Background of the Study
The government never fails to give due consideration
to the situation of inmates by constantly pondering on
their welfare and development while on detention and
positively perceiving their positive outlook in life and
their potential contribution upon their release.
Authorities also extend extra effort to accommodate the
increasing number of inmate by building additional
detention centers.
However, research indicates that after indulging
criminal activities, approximately 70% of the released
prisoners return to jail within a few years
(http://www.rehabilitations.org/prisonerrehabilitation.html).
In order for the rehabilitation programs for the
inmates to be effective, Harer (1987) enumerated ten
modern prison programs. These are: 1) the Honor Program
which is based on the principle of incentivizing positive
behavior and holding individuals accountable for their
actions. The purpose of the Honor Program is to create

an atmosphere of safety, respect, and cooperation, so

that prisoners can work on his/her specific selfimprovement and rehabilitative goals and projects which
benefit themselves as well as the community.
The second program is concerned on drug treatment.
According to Harer, several studies prove that when
people are forced into therapy, results are positive.
Unfortunately, only a small proportion of inmates
requesting drug treatment currently are helped.
The third program has something to do with
contemplative classes or practices that include
meditation, yoga, and contemplative prayer or similar
that is offered at correctional institutions for inmates
and prison staff. There are many stated benefits of these
programs such a stress relief for inmates and staff.
The fourth program is on conjugal visit in which an
inmate of a prison is permitted to spend several hours or
days in private, usually with a legal spouse. The basis
for permitting such a visit is to preserve family bonds
and increase the chances of success for a prisoners
eventual return to life outside prison.
Prison education program from literacy to general
education preparation and vocational education program is

also enumerated to be effective in decreasing recidivism

among prisoners. In a study conducted by the U.S. Federal
Bureau of Prisons, they found that the more educational
programs successfully completed for each six months
confined, the lower the recidivism rate.
Dogs in jails are also considered to be effective as
a means of rehabilitating inmates. In Japan, inmates
participating in the program will help in training guide
dogs for the blind, by raising the puppies with classes
on dog-walking and obedience training. Similar programs
are currently operating all over the United States, and
these types of programs have been proven to reduce
violence among inmates and foster a sense of
responsibility.
Another program enumerated is faith-based prison
programs. Many officials have turned to religious
programs that seek to change inmates internal
motivations as well as external behaviors. The Bush
administration has strongly supported such programs, as a
key focus of its faith-based and community initiative, in
an effort to encourage religious charities and other
nonprofit organizations to provide social services
particularly to inmates.

Boot camp for minors is also considered as an

alternative to juvenile prisons. The idea of boot camps
as a wholesome, effective alternative to prison was
immediately accepted by the public as well as state
legislatures since the millions of dollars allotted to
prison spending will be saved by the boot camps. Some
camps even offered job training and high school classes
along with substance abuse treatment.
Another enumerated program is the Victim Offender
Mediation or VOM (also called victim-offender dialogue,
victim-offender conferencing, victim-offender
reconciliation, or restorative justice dialogue). In this
program, there is a face-to-face meeting, in the presence
of a trained mediator, between the victim of a crime and
the person who committed that crime. The victim gets to
explain how they feel and felt, and what needs were not
met as the result of the action of the offender. The
offender is to repeat what he or she hears (i.e. feelings
and needs) and continues to listen and repeat what the
victim says she or he feels and needs. Usually this
requires substantial support from the trained mediator to
gain clarity about the feelings and needs and to request
the offender to say these words back to the victim.

The last program enumerated by Harer is for children

born in prison to stay with their mothers until they were
six rather than to be turned over to relatives or foster
parents. The children are allowed to leave on weekends
and holidays to visit relatives
(http:listverse.com/2008/08/14/top-modern-prisonprograms/)
In line with the mandate of the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP) which is safekeeping and
development of the inmates, some of the programs
mentioned above are implemented in the Baguio City Jail
Female Dormitory, for the reformation and rehabilitation
of inmates that will facilitate their successful
reintegration in the society.
Guided by these ten Modern Prison Programs
enumerated by Harer, the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology continuously introduces programs to boost the
inmates self-esteem and bring back their lost
confidence. Hence, The Bureau introduced and adopted the
Inmates Welfare Development Program (IWDP) which aims to
foster behavioral and attitudinal change among the
inmates.

The concept of Inmates Welfare and Development

came up when there is clamor for a change in the word
rehabilitation as part of two-fold mandate of the
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology. On January 22,
2010, the Directorate for Inmates Welfare and Development
(DIWD) was created through a memorandum signed by
Secretary of Interior and Local Government Ronaldo Puno.
The creation of the DIWD aims to emphasize the
relevance of the role of DIWD workers in the delivery of
services relation to mandate the Bureau in rebuilding
inmates self- esteem, developing their individual as well
as social responsibility and improving their living
conditions while in custody. At present the DIWD
formulates/implements, monitors and evaluates all
programs that address the physical, psychological,
behavioral, spiritual, vocational and educational needs
of inmates (The Directorate For Inmates Welfare and
Development Manual).
In the implementation of the said program, the
institution has health officers such as nurses to address
a more personal health service to inmates. Medicines for
common illness are also made available to inmates.
Immediate transfer to the appropriate medical institution

is undertaken for special cases that requires specialized

treatment.
Likewise, continuous training for livelihood
programs are conducted within the jail premises. In
partnership with the government agencies such as TESDA,
DTI and the local government, trainers are invited to
impart the needed skills and knowledge in paper craft,
baking, pastry production, food processing and industrial
sewing to mention a few.
Literacy programs are also offered to inmates to
pursue further educational growth. The institution has
produced several graduates in the DepEds Alternative
Learning System (ALS) making them proud as instruments
for the inmates academic achievement when they receive
their Secondary Equivalent Diploma. According to the BJMP
personnel, this is truly an achievement both for the
inmates and personnel.
In addition, recreational and sports activities are
also permitted within the institution to promote healthy
physique and physical wellness.

On scheduled time,

inmates are allowed to play volleyball, badminton, and

other sports activities at the Baguio City JailQuadrangle. Service providers are also invited for

inmates to exercise their freedom of religion by

strengthening their faith in a supreme being giving them
more their strength to survive in the situation they are
in.
In pursuit of studying these programs, various
issues and concerns are encountered both by the personnel
and the inmates. The issue on security posts is the most
serious concern because there is a low ratio of personnel
to inmates and inmates are given mobility in undertaking
these activities. Likewise, the need to contain and
maintain the inmates becomes a challenge while personal
differences among inmates could also hinder the success
of these programs.
On the one hand, some inmates are overly
enthusiastic to take part in these activities that they
tend to dominate others creating tension and
miscommunication resulting to heated arguments and
sometimes physical assaults. On the other hand, the
passive inmates tend to shrug off the program and choose
not to take part in it.
Budgetary requirement may also create hindrance in
the implementation of these programs. Limited funding can

cause the operation of the program to prematurely cease

even before its completion.
The BJMPs aim for humane safekeeping and
development of inmates prompted the researcher to assess
the Inmates Welfare and Development Program of Baguio
City Jail-Female Dormitory. The need to conduct this
evaluation is to determine the impact of these programs
to both the personnel and the inmates.
Statement of the Problem
The study was conducted to evaluate the Inmates
Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) in Baguio City
Jail-Female Dorm. Specifically, it sought to answer the
following questions:
1.

What is the level of implementation of the IWDP in

Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm?

1.1. Is there a difference between the

perceptions

of Baguio City Jail-FD personnel and inmates in the

level of implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City
Jail-FD?
2.

What is the level of satisfaction of the

implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail- Female

dorm?

2.1. Is there a significant difference of the

perceptions of the Baguio City Jail-FD personnel and
inmates on the level of satisfaction in the
implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD?
3. What is the degree of seriousness of the problems
encountered in the implementation of the IWDP in Baguio
City Jail-FD?
1.

Hypotheses of the Study

There is a significant difference between the

perceptions of the Baguio City Jail-FD personnel and

inmates on the level of implementation of the Inmates
Welfare and Development Program in Baguio City JailFemale Dorm.
2. There is a significant difference of the
perceptions of the Baguio City Jail-FD personnel and
inmates on the level of satisfaction in the
implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD.

Importance of the Study

This study will benefit the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology in the assessment/evaluation on
the level of implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City
Jail-Female Dorm. The feedback will help the BJMP
10

personnel make the necessary adjustments to the program

in order for the program to be more beneficial to the
inmates.
To the BJMP Officers, the findings of the study will
provide insights to guide them formulate/implement,
monitor and evaluate the programs that address the
physical, psychological, behavioral, spiritual,
vocational and educational needs of inmates.
To the researcher, the study will provide insights
for the improvement of her work performance as jail
officer.
To other researchers, the study will serve as
reference to students in their future study and fellow
BJMP personnel in their pursuit for professional
advancement.
To the community, their acceptance to the people who
came from jail/penal institutions will be a great help
for them to live normally upon return in the society.
Finally, the result of the study will help maximize
the efficiency and effectiveness with which the jail
services are delivered and to improve/strengthen the
linkages and partnership to the community, service
providers, visitors, clients/inmates in the success of

11

safekeeping and development in Baguio City Jail-Female

Dorm.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The study focused on the evaluation of the Inmates
Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) in Baguio City
Jail-Female Dormitory, since the aim is to restore the
moral, emotional and psychomotor aspect of a person,
regardless of their age, educational attainment and civil
status. The respondents were delimited to twenty (20)
female dorm personnel and fifty (50) female dorm inmates
to be chosen randomly.
Specifically, it determined the level of
implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD; the
level of satisfaction of the implementation of the IWDP
in Baguio City Jail-FD and the degree of seriousness of
the problems encountered in the implementation of IWDP in
Baguio City Jail-FD.
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
The inmate population consists of people awaiting
trial for violating federal laws or those who have
already been convicted of committing a federal crime.

In

pursuant to Pub. L. No. 71-218, 46 Stat. 325 (1930), the

Bureau of Prisons was established within the Department
12

of Justice and in charge with the "management and

regulation of all Federal penal and correctional
institutions." The Bureau of Corrections (Filipino:
Kawanihan ng mga Bilangguan, literally "Bureau of
Prisons", which was the old name of the agency from 1905
to 1989; abbreviated BuCor) is an agency of the
Department of Justice which is in charge with the custody
and rehabilitation of national offenders, who have been
sentenced to three years of imprisonment or more. The
agency has its headquarters in the New Bilibid Prison
Reservation in Muntinlupa City.
The reformation programs implemented by the Bureau
of Corrections are:

1) Work and Livelihood where the

bureau offers a variety of inmates work programs, from

agricultural to industrial.

The purpose of the inmates

work programs is to keep the inmate busy, and to provide

them money for their personal expenses and their families
as well. The program will also help them acquire
livelihood skills in order that they may become
productive citizens once they are released and
assimilated back into the mainstream society; 2) health
care-Medical program is responsible for recording and
properly documenting the medical history of an inmate by

13

the medical specialist. Medical information and mental

status examination are given to ascertain the inmates
overall physical /mental fitness. This forms part of
diagnostic process which will eventually determine the
most appropriate rehabilitation program for inmates;

3)

education and skills training is considered as one

rehabilitation activities that are facilitated by the
BJMP personnel to improve the inmates academic and job
skills. Vocational program are incorporated into job
assignments and serve as on-the job training.

The goal

is to provide inmate with skills that will improve their

eligibility for jobs upon release; 4) sports and
recreation are included which consist of various indoor
and outdoor sports, activities, programs, tournaments and
leagues. These recreational activities are basketball,
volleyball, billiards, table tennis and chess. These
sports competition promotes camaraderie among inmates
that would lead to good sportsmanship and teambuilding;
5) Therapeutic Community Program(TC)-represents an
effective structured environment with defined boundaries,
both moral and ethical. The goal is to foster personal
growth.

14

By accomplishing in the reshaping of an individuals

behavior and attitude through the above identified
programs, the inmates have the motivation working
together to help themselves and each other for their reintegration into their families and friends and to be
productive members of the community
(http://www.bucor.gov.ph/about.htm/).
For the present status of The Correctional System in
the Philippines, it is composed of six agencies under
three distinct and separate departments of the national
government namely: 1) the Department of Interior and
Local Government (DILG) which covers the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP) which runs the city,
municipal, and district jails; and the provincial jails
through their respective provincial governments; 2) The
department of Social Welfare and Development which covers
the Juvenile and Justice Welfare Council which oversees
the rehabilitation of young offenders and the
3)Department of Justice which covers the Bureau of
Corrections, Parole and Probation Administration and the
Board of Pardons and Parole.

Offenders convicted by the

courts to serve sentences of three years or more are kept

at the prison facilities of the Bureau of Corrections.

15

They are classified as national prisoners. Those meted

with lighter sentences, as well as those with pending
cases before the regional trial courts, are confined in
provincial jails under the local government; while those
awaiting trial in municipal trial courts or serving light
penalties (e.g., infraction of city or municipal
ordinances) are detained in city, municipal or district
jails under the bureau of jail management and penology.
Juvenile delinquents are normally sent to youth
rehabilitation centers under the juvenile justice and
welfare council pursuant to R.A. 9344 unless the
sentencing judge specifically orders for them to be
confined at the national penitentiary, as in cases where
the juvenile convict acted with discernment or the
offense committed was grave.
The Bureau of Corrections is mandated by law to
accomplish its twin objectives - the effective
rehabilitation and safekeeping of National Prisoners. The
functions of BuCor are: 1) Safe keep prisoners convicted
by courts three (3) years and one (1) day and above to
serve sentence in prison, 2) keep prisoners from
committing crimes while in BuCor's custody,
provide inmates basic needs as human being,

16

3)
4)

ensure rehabilitation programs are made available to the

inmates for their physical, intellectual and spiritual
development, and 5) develop livelihood programs to assist
inmates earn a living and develop their skills while in
prison.
The Bureau of Corrections currently have seven
operating units located nationwide: The New Bilibid
Prison in Muntinlupa City; The Correctional Institution
for Women (CIW) in Mandaluyong City / and the The CIW
Mindanao, Panabo, Davao; Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in
Puerto Princesa City, Palawan; Sablayan Prison and Penal
Farm in Occidental Mindoro; San Ramon Prison and Penal
Farm in Zamboanga City; Leyte Regional Prison in Abuyog,
Leyte and Davao Prison and Penal Farm in Panabo, Davaon.
(//http:enwikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Corrections_Philip
pines).
Republic Act No. 6975, otherwise known as the
Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of
1990, provided for the establishment of the Philippine
National Police (PNP), the National Police Commission
(NAPOLCOM), the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), the
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) and the
Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC).

17

It was enacted

into law on December 13, 1990 and ended the existence of

the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National
Police to give way to the creation of the Philippine
National Police, which is administered and controlled by
the National Police.
As stipulated in the Act, it gives a provision that
the department of the Interior and Local Government
(DILG) shall consist of the Department Proper, the
existing bureaus and offices of the Department of Local
Government, the National Police Commission, the
Philippine Public safety College, and the following
bureaus: the Philippine National Police, the Bureau of
Fire Protection and the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology.
On January 2, 1991 the Bureau of Jail Management
and Penology was created, thru Republic Act 6975 as a
line Bureau under the Department of Interior and Local
Government. The Jail Bureau is the upgraded version of
its forerunner, the Office of Jail Management and
Penology of the defunct PC/INP last headed by BRIG GEN
Arsenio E. Concepcion.
As mandated by law, the BJMP shall operate under the
reorganized Department of the Interior and Local

18

Government. Starting from scratch with 500 personnel in

1991 the BJMP weaned from its mother PC/INP as a mere
component, to become a full-fledge bureau.

Director

Charles S. Mondejar took his oath of office on July 1 of

1991 as the first Chief of the Bureau.
The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
supervises and controls all district, city and municipal
jail.

Its client are detainees accused before a court

who are temporarily confined in such jails while

undergoing investigation, waiting final judgment and
those who are serving sentence promulgated by the court
three years and below.
Under the provision of Republic Act No. 6975, the
Bureau of Jail Management Penology is mandated to take
operational and administrative control over all city,
district and municipal jails which number at 1132.

Of

this number, only 415 comprising four female centers, one

youth center, 167 district jails, 104 city jails and 138
municipal jails are fully manned by the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology, leaving 573

jails still being

manned by the Philippine National Police.

At present there are 6976 uniformed and nonuniformed BJMP personnel.

In terms of jail population,

19

however, 72,934 inmates are housed in BJMP- manned jails,

while there are 1,529 inmate with the PNP-manned
jails(BJMP Official Website http://www.bjmp.gov.ph/) .
Since the birth of the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology in 1991, it has been in constant study on how it
can help the inmates not only in providing the skills,
and even the education they need so that when they are
finally reintegrated into the mainstream of the society,
they become productive law abiding citizen.

With

the evolution of the rehabilitation unit as a bigger and

wider unit, the BJMP personnel implements the Inmates
Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) with the concept,
A set of physical, psychological, intellectual,
vocational and spiritual activities or interventions that
facilitates inmates wellbeing and enhancement in
accordance with the accepted social norms and ethical
standards. This program consolidates with the BJMPs aim
for the humane safekeeping and development of inmates.
An Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) is
a set of physical, psychosocial, intellectual,
vocational, and spiritual activities or interventions
that facilitate inmates wellbeing and enhancement in
accordance with the accepted social norms and ethical

20

standards. The services and activities offered by the

IWDP are provisions for basic needs such as food,
clothing, hygiene supplies, and others; health services
such as maintenance of physical and mental wellbeing;
livelihood services such as development of work values,
individual worth and dignity, emotional catharsis and
enhancement of individual creativity; educational
Services such as literacy development; sports and
recreation services such as physical fitness,
opportunity for socialization, enhancement of creativity
and uniqueness, toning down or minimizing stress;
visitation services such as promoting moral and social
supports to the inmates; paralegal services such as
speedy disposition of cases and; religious services
such as upliftment of moral and spiritual values (BJMP
Manual Revised 2007).
Figure 1 shows the framework of the nine service
areas that composed the Inmates Welfare Development
Program(IWPD).
To further enhance the program, the IWPD strengthens
the paralegal services through restorative justice that
focuses on the needs of the victims and the offenders, as
well as the involved community, instead of focusing on

21

satisfying abstract legal principles or punishing

offenders (such as imprisoning them). In this program,
victims take an active role in the process, while
offenders are encouraged to take responsibility for their
actions, to repair the harm they've doneby apologizing,
returning stolen money, or community service(http//
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison).
Furthermore, the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology uses the restorative justice for inmates to
restore harm they've doneby apologizing, returning
stolen money, or community service".

22

After Care
Community and
Family
Reintegration

Figure 1. IWDP Conceptual Framework

Through the implementation of the Inmates Welfare

and Development Programs, the BJMP personnel looks into
the potential of an inmate and uses this latent potential
into practical use. Through this program,
inmates/prisoners realize the skills that they never knew
they possess, giving them a feeling of worthinesssomething most of inmates/prisoners havent felt during
their time outside jail (http:www.pia.gov.ph).
With the identified services covered by the program,
the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is
mandated to direct, supervise and control the
administration and operation of all district, city and
municipal jails nationwide with pronged tasks of

23

safekeeping and development of inmates. The four major

programs and mandate of the BJMP are inmates custody,
security and control program, inmates welfare and
development program, decongestion program and good
governance.
These programs are intended to eliminate the
inmates criminal behavior, reform them to become law
abiding and productive citizens and to prepare them for
their eventual return to their families and absorbed into
the mainstream of society.
The study focuses on the assessment of the
implementation of Inmates Welfare and Development Program
(IWDP) to female inmate in Baguio City Jail Female dorm.
Figure 2 presents the paradigm of the study. The
independent variables consist of respondents perceptions
on the implementation of IWDP, their satisfaction of the
implementation of the IWDP and the problems they
encounter in the implementation of IWDP. The dependent
variables are the level of implementation of IWDP, the
level of satisfaction in the implementation of IWDP and
the degree of seriousness of the identified problems
encountered in the implementation of IWDP. The

24

intervening variables are the BJMP personnel and the

female inmates.

25

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

DEPENDENT VARIABLES

1. IWDP Implementation in
Baguio City Jail-FD.

1. Level of
implementation of
IWDP in Baguio City
Jail-FD.
2. Level of
satisfaction on the
implementation of
IWDP in Baguio City
Jail-FD.
3. Degree of
seriousness of the
problems encountered
in the
implementation of
IDWP in Baguio City
jail-FD.

2. IWDP satisfaction in
Baguio City Jail-FD.
3. Problems encountered
in the implementation of
IWDP in Baguio City JailFD.

INTERVENING VARIABLES
Group:
a) Inmates
b) Personnel

Figure 2. Paradigm of the Study

26

Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined according to how
they were used in this study:
After Care. It refers to the care, treatment or
help given to persons discharged from an institution
such as jail, prison or hospital.
Alternative Learning system. It is a ladderized,
modular, non-formal education program for drop outs in
the elementary and secondary levels.
Bureau of Corrections. It is an agency of the
Department of Justice which is charged with the custody
and rehabilitation of national offenders, who have been
sentenced to three years of imprisonment or more.
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP). It is
a government agency mandated to take control of all
district, city and municipal jails in the Philippines.
Detainee. It refers to a person who is accused
before a court or competent authority and is temporarily
confined in jail while undergoing or awaiting
investigation, trial or final judgment.
Development. It is the gradual process of
advancement or growth through the use of series of
interrelated activities such as exercise, trainings or

27

group dynamics for the purpose of refining or

transforming a person into a useful and productive
individual.
Inmate. It is a generic term used to refer to a
detainee or prisoner, deprived of liberty against his
will by confinement, captivity or by forcible restraint.
Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP). It
is a directorate of the Bureau of jail management and
Penology that is in-charged for inmates welfare
program.
Interfaith. It refers to cooperative, constructive,
and positive interaction between people of different
religious tradition.
Mandate. This is a written authorization or command
by a person, group or organization to another to take a
course of action.
Rehabilitation. It is a program of activity directed
to restore inmates self-respect.
Reintegration. This is the process of transitioning
form a state in which an individual was not a
functioning member of society into a state where the
individual controls and directs their own lives.

28

Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP.

It is

a self-help social learning modality that help drug user

recover from drug addiction and utilizes group dynamics
to shape an individuals behavior towards productive
directions.

29

CHAPTER 2
Design and Methodology
This chapter presents the research design,
methodology, locale and population of the study, data
gathering tools and the statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
The study made use of descriptive survey design. It
described and interpreted the conditions of the study
and it accorded the researcher a chance to interact
directly with the study subjects.

The researcher also

went beyond gathering and tabulation of data by

incorporating comparison, contrast and evaluation, thus
presented a clearer and adept research tool.
Survey was used to gather responses from personnel
and inmates on the implementation of the Inmates Welfare
and Development Program at Baguio City Jail-Female
Dormitory.

Population and Locale of the Study

The proposed study was conducted at Baguio City
Jail-Female Dormitory. There were seventy (70)
respondents, twenty (20) from the BCJ-FD personnel and
fifty (50) from the BCJ-FD inmates.
Table 1. Population of the study
Baguio City

Number of

Number of
30

Percentage

Jail-FD
Personnel
Inmates
Total

personnel/inmates
24
75
99

Respondents
20
50
70

(%)
29
71
100

Data Gathering Tool

The questionnaire-checklist was used as the main
data gathering instrument that was given to the
respondents. The questionnaire-checklist was based on the
variables of the study; Part I was on the level of
Implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development
Programs in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm; Part II was on
the level of satisfaction in the implementation of the
Inmates Welfare and Development Programs in Baguio City
Jail-Female Dorm and Part III was on the degree of
seriousness of problems encountered in the implementation
of the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs in Baguio
City Jail-Female Dorm. Data obtained from the
questionnaire-checklist was supported by informal
interview to the respondent female dorm personnel and
inmates.

The reliability and validity of the

questionnaire-checklist was tested in Baguio City JailMale Dorm.

Data Gathering Procedures
The researcher asked the approval of the Female Dorm
Warden of the researchers intention the need to
31

administer survey questionnaire-checklist to the female

dorm personnel and inmates. The researcher personally met
with the respondents to address possible questions
/clarifications that may arise.

Hence, the researcher

was the one who gave and retrieved the said

questionnaire-checklist; results was tabulated and
treated statistically.
The data gathered through the questionnairechecklist was used and supported by informal interview of
both personnel and the female inmates. It was a one-onone and a group interview to the respondent.
Treatment of Data
To answer the questions in the IWDP implementation
at Baguio City Jail-FD,

all data collected was

statistically treated by using the 4 point scale to

quantify the respondents.
On the level of implementation of the IWDP in Baguio
City Jail-Female Dorm the following scale was used:
Numerical Statistical
Value
Limits
4

3.25 - 4.00

2.50 - 3.24

1.75 - 2.49

1.00 -1.74

Descriptive
Equivalent
Very Much
Implemented
Much
Implemented
Less
Implemented
Not
Implemented
32

Symbols

VMI
MI
LI
NI

Meaning and
Interpretation
75-100%
Implemented
50-74%
Implemented
25-49%
Implemented
0-24%
Implemented

On the level of satisfaction on the implementation

of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm the following
scale was used:
Numerical Statistical
Value
Limits

Descriptive
Equivalent

Symbols

Very Much
Satisfied

3.25 - 4.00

2.50 - 3.24 Much Satisfied

MS

1.75 - 2.49 Less Satisfied

LS

1.00 -1.74

NS

On

the

level

75-100%
Satisfied
50-74%
Satisfied
25-49%
Satisfied
0-24%
Satisfied

VMS

Not Satisfied
of

Meaning and
Interpretati
on

seriousness

of

the

problems

encountered in the implementation of the IWDP in Baguio

City Jail-Female Dorm the following scale was used:
Numerical Statistical
Value
Limits

Descriptive
Equivalent
Very Much
Serious

3.25 - 4.00

2.50 - 3.24

1.75 - 2.49

Much
Serious
Less
Serious

1.00 -1.74

Not Serious

33

Symbols

VMS

MS
LS
NS

Meaning and
Interpretation
75-100%
Serious

50-74%
Serious
25-49%
Serious
0-24%
Serious

The weighted mean and the average weighted mean was

used to treat the descriptive data and the t-test was
used to treat the null hypothesis of the study.
WM=TWV/N
Where: WM=Weighted Mean
TWV= Total Weighted Mean
N = Number of Cases
T-Test was used to support the Hypothesis of this study,
the formula is:

__

Where x1

mean of sample 1

__

x2 =

mean of sample 2

n1 =

number of subjects in sample 1

n2 =

number of subjects in sample 2

s12=

variance of sample 1 =

S22=

variance of sample 2 =

_
(x1 x1)2
n1
_
(x2 x2)2
n2

CHAPTER 3
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

34

This chapter presents the result on the survey of

welfare and development programs to female inmates in the
Baguio City Jail Female Dorm.

It includes discussions on

the areas of the level of implementation, level of

satisfaction, and degree of seriousness of the problems
encountered in the implementation of the IWDP at the
Baguio City Jail Female Dorm.
Level of Implementation of the Inmates Welfare
and Development Programs at Baguio City
Jail Female Dorm
This section presents the level of implementation of
the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs (IWDP) at
the Baguio City Female Dorm as perceived by the Baguio
City Jail Female Dorm personnel and Baguio City Jail
Female inmates. The program has nine areas to consider
namely a) provisions of basic needs, b) health services,
c) livelihood services, d) educational services, e)
sports and recreation services,
services, f) visitation services,
services, h) religious services and

f) visitation
g) paralegal
i) therapeutic

modality program.
Table 2. Level of Implementation of the IWDP in Baguio
City Jail-Female Dorman DE
Area
A. Provision of Basic Needs
1. Adequate food with
nutritional value and good for

Mean

DE

Much

35

Rank

health and strength.

2.
Accommodation/cells are
available and suitable to
associate with one another.
3. Provided with clothing
which is suitable and in no
manner be degrading or
humiliating.
4. Water and hygiene supplies
are provided for.

2.39

Implemented

2.31

Less
Implemented

2.19
2.56

5. Keep themselves clean.

6. Provided with bed and wash
room in good order and ensure
cleanliness.

2.94

Area Mean

2.51

2.69

B. Health Services
1. Baguio City Jail-Female
Dorm has health officers such
as physician, nurse and
dentist.
2. The jail is maintaining a
medical clinic where sick
inmates are examined,
temporarily confined and given
free medicines.
3. The health service unit is
well organized to attain to
the medical and dental need of
inmates.
4. Sick inmates requiring
specialized treatment are
transferred to hospital or
specialized institution.
5. Coordination to the
Medical/Dental society or NonGovernment Organizations for
the conduct of medical and
dental mission to the inmates.

C.

Much
Implemented

2.20

Less
Implemented

2.30

Less
Implemented

2.71

Much
Implemented

2.49

Livelihood Services

36

Much
Implemented
Much
Implemented

2.51

2.73

Area Mean

Less
Implemented
Much
Implemented
Much
Implemented

Much
Implemented
Less
Implemented

1. Afford livelihood
activities with compensation
for inmates labors (e.g.
paper craft, crocheting, cross
stitch, barber shop,
tailoring, to augment his/her
other basic needs.
2. Inmates can choose
livelihood activities
according to their vocational
background or training under
continuation Table 2
the direct supervision of BJMP
personnel.
3. Inmates are allowed to
spend their earnings on
approved articles for their
own use and send a part of
their earnings to their
families.
4. All livelihood activities
of the inmates are being
enforced and monitored by BJMP
personnel.
5. Training is conducted to
enhance the skills of the
inmates as a means of
livelihood and in preparation
for their release.

Much
Implemented

2.96

Much
Implemented

3.06

Much
Implemented

2.70

Much
Implemented

2.93

Much
Implemented
Much
Implemented

2.91

Much
Implemented

2.91

Much
Implemented

2.76

Much
Implemented

2.87

Much
Implemented

2.93

Area Mean
D.

3.00

Educational Services

1.
Provide literacy classes
to inmates (e.g. Alternative
Learning System, tutorial,
reading, writing)
2. Provide vocational
training to inmates (e.g.
tailoring, dressmaking,
cosmetology, baking,
barbering.
3. Educational or learning
materials/supplies are being
provided to the inmate
learners.
4. Qualified Teachers and
tutors are being provided by
the DepEd and TESDA

continuation Table 2

37

5. Inmates may choose among

the literacy and vocational
training conducted which are
useful to them and may apply
upon release.

2.81

Area Mean

2.85

Much
Implemented
Much
Implemented

2.79

Much
Implemented

2.81

Much
Implemented

3.03

Much
Implemented

2.64

Much
Implemented

E. Sports and Recreation

Services
1.
Equipment and facilities
for sports and recreational
activities are provided to
inmates (e.g. badminton, table
tennis, scrabble, volleyball,
chess, darts)
2.
Recreational and cultural
activities are observed to
benefit the mental, physical
health and well being of the
inmates
3.
Wholesome entertainment
inside the cells or within the
jail perimeter is allowed
subject to jail rules and
regulations (i.e.) watching
TV, Christmas party, concert,
presentations, and
socialization programs with
their families)
4.
Inmates are allowed at
least one hour of suitable
exercise in open air daily if
the weather permits
5.
Inmates can present their
talents and cultural ingenuity
during programs and recreation
activities
Area mean
F.

2.86

Much
Implemented
Much
Implemented

3.01

Much
Implemented

2.84

Much
Implemented

2.93

Much
Implemented

3.03

Visitation Services

1. Visitation promotes moral

and social supports to the
inmates.
2. Special attention for the
maintenance and improvement of
relationship between the
inmates and his family.
3. Visiting area is provided
for the inmate to entertain
their visitors.
Continuation- Table 2

38

4. Inmates are visited by any

members of his/her immediate
family (spouse, fiance,
parent or child, brother or
sister, grand parent or
grandchild, uncle or aunt,
nephew or niece, and guardian
or ward).
5. Special conjugal visits by
the wife/husband of a detained
spouse for a period of time
are allowed, subject to the
policy of the BJMP.
Area Mean
G.

3.06

Much
Implemented

1.63

Less
Implemented

2.69

Much
Implemented

2.77

Much
Implemented

2.76

Much
Implemented

2.73

Much
Implemented

2.71

Much
Implemented

Paralegal Services

1. To inform the inmates of

their rights (including rights
to a counsel and suffrage) and
laws applicable to them (i.e.
modes of early release under
existing laws).
2. Coordinates to the public
Attorneys office (PAO),
Integrated Bar of the
Philippines (IBP) and
volunteer lawyers for free
legal assistance to inmates.
Continuation Table 2
3. Giving assistance to
convicted inmates in applying
for probation, good conduct
time allowance (GCTA), pardon
and parole.
4. Paralegal Officers are
designated to monitor the case
status of inmates in courts.
5. Assist in looking for the
best possible surety who can
provide the bail bond most
affordable to the inmates
Area Mean

2.71

Much
Implemented
Much
Implemented

H. Religious Services
1. Respect of religion among
the inmates is being observed
and allowed to satisfy the
needs of his/her religious
life.

3.10

Much
Implemented

2.60

Continuation- Table 2

39

2. A qualified
representative, priest,
pastor, imam or leader of any
denomination is allowed to
render services to the
inmates.
3. Maintain a secured and
safe place designated for
worship among inmates.
4. Religious symbols or
materials are provided to the
inmates during worship
5. Regular religious or
interfaith activities are
allowed to the inmates in
accordance to BJMP rules and
regulations.

3.23

Much
Implemented

3.17

Much
Implemented

3.74

Very Much
Implemented

3.28

Much
Implemented
Very Much
Implemented

3.19

Much
Implemented

3.40

Very Much
Implemented

3.29

Very Much
Implemented

3.26

Very Much
Implemented

3.16

Area Mean
I. Therapeutic Community
Modality Program (TCMP)
1. Therapeutic community
modality is an interaction
that helps inmates gets help
while helping other inmates
2. All inmates are required
to participate during the
conduct of the therapeutic
community modality.
3. The interactions among the
inmates are designed to be
therapeutic, as the inmates
continuation Table 2
will play the dual rule of
client-therapist.
4. The conduct of therapeutic
community modality of the
inmates is under the direct
supervision of BJMP personnel.
5. Orientation seminars are
being conducted to the newly
committed inmates before they
can participate in the
therapeutic community
modality.

3.16

Area Mean

3.26

Much
Implemented
Very Much
Implemented

As shown in the above table, it revealed that

religious services had the highest mean of 3.28
40

interpreted as much implemented. It implies that both

the personnel and the inmates regarded religion as a
means of strengthening spiritual faith as well as moral
consciousness. The result is also ascribed to the fact
that the personnel recognized and monitor that the
inmates religion or denominations are well represented
where various service-providers are scheduled for all
religious denominations in the jail.
Specifically, the indicator religious symbols or
materials are provided to the inmates during worship
garnered the highest mean of 3.74 interpreted as very
much implemented. According to the personnel, religious
materials are generally open and allowed in the jail
premises for a more meaningful worship and prayer for the
inmates.
Religious services target antisocial values,
emphasize accountability and responsibility, changes
cognitive approaches to conflict, and provides social
support and social skills through interaction with
religious people and communities (Bergin, 1991; Martin
Carlson, 1988). The service included both the teachings
and opportunities to practice biblically based moral
behavior necessary for development.

41

Ranked two is on Therapeutic Community Modality

Program (TCMP) (3.26) interpreted as very much
implemented. The result indicated that the program is
effective in fostering personal growth through structured
environment with defined boundaries, both moral and
ethical.
The indicator along the TCMP that earned the highest
rank of 3.40 interpreted as very much implemented is
all inmates are required to participate during the
conduct of the therapeutic community modality. The
result showed that the inmates are aware of the positive
effect of the TCMP in their lives, thus they are
encouraged to participate in all activities encompassing
the program such as the TC morning meeting, recreational
and cultural activities such as the Saturday Night
Activity (SNA) and other activities to develop their
well-being while on detention. The implementation of this
program should be maintained at the same time it should
be constantly re-oriented to both new and old inmates.
Since TCMP is a self-help social learning model, the
effectiveness may vary depending on the behavior of the
inmate and how she accepts what this program has to
offer.

42

Third in rank was on livelihood services (2.93)

interpreted as much implemented. The result ascribed
that both the personnel and the female inmates are
convinced that there is a continuous training for
livelihood programs conducted within the jail premises.
This is manifested in the constant invitation of trainers
from TESDA, DTI and the local government units to impart
the needed skills and knowledge in paper craft, baking,
pastry production, food processing and industrial sewing
to mention a few.
Furthermore, the indicator inmates are allowed to
spend their earnings on approved articles for their own
use and send a part of their earnings to their families
had the highest mean of 3.06 interpreted as much
implemented.

This is due to the fact that inmates are

given the chance to engage in income-generating

activities whereby their earnings are at their own
disposal.
Along the area of Sports and Recreation Services,
the respondents rated it as much implemented (2.81)
placing it on the fourth rank. It showed that
recreational and sports activities are permitted within
the institution to promote healthy physique and physical

43

wellness.

On scheduled time, inmates are allowed to play

volleyball, badminton, and other sports activities at the

Baguio City Jail-Quadrangle.
The highest indicator under this area with the mean
of 2.86 interpreted as much implemented is wholesome
entertainment inside the cells or within the jail
perimeter is allowed subject to jail rules and
regulations and Inmates can present their talents and
cultural ingenuity during programs and recreations
activities. Inmates are allowed to have indoor games
like scrabble and chess as well as outdoor sports like
volleyball and badminton on scheduled intervals and
subject to close supervision of personnel. Likewise,
cultural presentations during Earth Day, Womens Month
and the like are encouraged to showcase the inmates
talents.
Ranked five is in the area on educational services
where the respondents regarded it as much implemented
(2.85).

This is credited to the continuous support and

corroboration of the Bureau with the city government of

Baguio in cooperation with the Department of Education
particularly the Bureau of Alternative Learning System

44

(BALS) through the conduct of non-formal education to the

inmates.
In the educational services area, the indicator
obtaining the highest mean is provide literacy classes
to inmates and provide vocational training to inmates.
This is attributed to opportunities of educational
advancement offered to inmates as well as skills
enhancement trainings such as food processing.
In the area of Paralegal Services, the respondents
regarded it as much implemented (2.71) obtaining the
sixth rank. The indicator to inform the inmates of their
rights and laws applicable to them got the highest mean
of 2.77 interpreted as Much Implemented. The result
indicated that the inmates are constantly informed of
their rights and legal options through

one-on-one

conversation with the paralegal officer.

Jail

management is equipped with very able paralegal officers

to assist the inmates on their legal options and extend
legal advices on their pending cases.

The management

also allows consulting time with the inmates private and

public lawyers to update the inmates on the status of
their cases.

45

The areas obtaining the lowest means are visitation

services, provision for basic needs, and health services
with means of 2.69, 2.51 and 2.49 respectively. Although
these areas have the lowest means, both visitation
services and provision for basic needs are interpreted as
much implemented.
For Visitation Services, the indicator inmates are
visited by any members of his/her immediate family
obtained the highest mean of 3.06 interpreted as much
implemented.

The management believes that the best

support system of the inmate is her family, thus, regular

visitation privileges are permitted every Wednesday,
Friday, Saturday and Sunday from
12:30 3:00 pm.

Moreover, visitation is a privilege

given to inmates, thus, infractions on jail rules and

regulations may result in the curtailment of this
privilege. However, special conjugal visit of a husband
to his detained wife is not permitted to prevent
unexpected pregnancies of female inmates.
Along the area on provision for basic needs to
female inmates, the result implies that the confines of
the cell where inmates spend most of their time are

46

guaranteed clean and in order to provide a more

comfortable environment for every inmate.
Specifically the indicator Keep themselves clean
has the highest mean of 2.94 interpreted as very much
implemented.

The data reflected that the female inmates

are particular with their hygiene and they regularly

observe cleanliness both with themselves and their
environment.
Meanwhile, the indicator provided with clothing
which is suitable and in no manner be degrading or
humiliating has the lowest mean of 2.19 interpreted as
less implemented. This showed that due to the Bureaus
limited financial resources, clothing provided to inmates
is insufficient. Moreover, there is a prescribed uniform
intended for the inmates to use.
However, on the area of health services, the
respondents professed it to be less implemented. The
result is attributed to the shortage of health personnel
assigned to monitor the inmates health conditions.
Nevertheless the indicator coordination to the
medical/dental society or Non-Government Organizations
for the conduct of medical and dental mission to the
inmates is perceived by the respondents as much

47

implemented (2.73) which ranked the highest in this

area.

This is attributed to the fact that linkages to

NGOs and civic organizations are well- coordinated,

thereby, augmenting medical and dental assistance to
inmates.
In general, the Baguio City Jail personnel and the
female inmates professed that the Inmates Welfare and
Development Program (IWDP) is much implemented as
manifested in their effort to continue developing inmates
and improving their living conditions while in custody.
At present the DIWD formulates/implements, monitors and
evaluates all programs that address the physical,
psychological, behavioral, spiritual, vocational and
educational needs of inmates

(The Directorate

For Inmates Welfare and Development Manual).

Difference in the Perceptions of the Personnel and

Inmates on the Level of Implementation of IWDP
at Baguio City Jail Female Dorm
Table 2.1 shows the difference in the perceptions of
the respondents on the level of implementation of IWDP at
the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm.
48

As manifested in the Table, the female dorm

personnel perceived the over-all level implementation of
the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm as much
implemented with the average weighted mean of 3.20.

On

the one hand, the female inmates gave the level a lower
average weighted mean of 2.66 but still within the
descriptive equivalence of much implemented.
The difference in their perceptions is attributed to
the fact that the personnel, being the implementers, are
convinced that they implement these programs with utmost
diligence and consistency while the inmates, being their
clients perceive that there are some flaws in the
implementation of the program..
Statistically, the computed t-test value of 2.60 is
greater than the critical value of 2.120 at 0.05 level of
significance.

Therefore, the hypothesis that there is a

difference between the perceptions of the two groups in

the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and
Table 2.1 Summary of perceptions of the Personnel and the
Inmates on the Level of Implementation of IWDP at Baguio
City Jail-Female Dorm
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Area

Personnel

Inmate

Provision for Basic Needs

Health Services
Livelihood Services
Educational Services
Sports and Recreation Services
Visitation Services

2.87
2.85
3.18
3.17
3.35
3.17

2.37
2.35
2.74
2.50
2.66
2.50

49

Weighted
Mean
2.51
2.49
2.93
2.85
2.86
2.69

7. Paralegal Services
8. Religious Services
9. Therapeutic Community Modality
Program
Average Weighted Mean
F.05= 2.120

3.23
3.51

2.50
3.19

2.71
3.28

3.47

3.17

3.26

3.20
t.value = 2.60

2.66
2.81
*significant

Development Program in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm is

accepted. The findings implied that the perceptions of
the respondents vary with regard to the implementation of
the Inmates Welfare Development Program (IWDP).
The findings of this study consolidated the
observation of Gaes (2008) in relation to the programs
various issues and concerns encountered both by the
personnel and the inmates. Gaes noted that the difference
in the perceptions in the implementation of the program
is attributed to the issue on security posts where there
is a low ratio of personnel to inmates and inmates are
given restricted mobility in undertaking the programs
activities.

Similarly, the personnel mentioned that the

need to contain and maintain the inmates is an everyday

challenge to them.
Personal differences among inmates could also hinder
the success of these programs as claimed by the
personnel. Some inmates are overly enthusiastic to take
part in these activities that they tend to dominate

50

others creating tension and miscommunication resulting to

heated arguments and sometimes physical assaults. While
the passive inmates tend to shrug off the program and
choose to take part in it. Budgetary requirement may also
create hindrance on these programs.
Limited funding can also cause the implementation of
the program to prematurely cease even before its
completion.
Level of Satisfaction in the Implementation of the
IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm
Table 3 presents the level of satisfaction in the
implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female
Dorm as perceived by the jail personnel and the female
inmates.
As gleaned in the table, the area on Therapeutic
Community Modality Program (3.09) ranked the highest in
the level of satisfaction.

The result showed that both

Table 3. Level of Satisfaction in the Implementation of

the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm
Area

Mean

DE

A. Basic Needs
1.

Food services are adequate.

2.47

2. Adequate accommodations and

cells.

2.51

3.
4.

2.34

Adequate clothing supplies

Sufficient water and hygiene

51

Less
Satisfied
Much
Satisfied
Less
Satisfied
Much

Rank

supplies.
5. Provided with bed and wash
room in good order and ensure
cleanliness

2.54
2.70

Satisfied
Much
Satisfied

Area Mean
B. Health Services

2.51

Much
Satisfied

2.54

Much
Satisfied

2.33

Less
Satisfied

2.44

Less
Satisfied

2.69

Much
Satisfied

1.

Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm

is provided with health officers
such as physician, nurse and
continuation Table 3
dentist who can attain to the
health needs of inmates.
2. The jail has a medical clinic
where sick inmates are examined,
temporarily confined and given
free medicines.
3. The health service unit is
well organized to attain to the
medical and dental needs of
inmates.
4. Sick inmates requiring
specialized treatment are
transferred to hospital or
specialized institution.
5. Coordination to the
Medical/dental society or NonGovernment Organizations for
medical and dental mission to the
inmates.
Area Mean
C. Livelihood Services

2.73
2.55

1. Inmates are compensated on

their livelihood activities (e.g.
combining paper craft, crocheting,
cross stitch barber shop,
tailoring, to augment his/her
other basic needs
2. Inmates can choose livelihood
services according to their
vocational background or training
under the direct supervision of
BJMP personnel.
3. Inmates are spending their
earnings on approved articles for
their own use and send a part of
their earnings to their families.
4. All livelihood services of the
inmates are being enforced and
monitored by BJMP personnel.
5. Trainings are being conducted
to enhance the skills of the

52

Much
Satisfied
Much
Satisfied

2.94

Much
Satisfied

2.96

Much
Satisfied

3.01

Much
Satisfied

2.80

Much
Satisfied

inmates as a means of livelihood

and in preparation for their
release.

2.90

Area Mean
D. Educational Services

2.92

1.
Provide literacy classes to
inmates (e.g. Alternative Learning
System, tutorial, reading,
writing)
2. Educational vocational
training to inmates (e.g.
tailoring, dressmaking,
cosmetology, baking, practical
electricity, electronics,
barbering)
3. Educational or learning
materials/supplies are being
provided to the inmate learnings.
4. Teachers and tutors are
qualified being provided by the
DepEd and TESDA
5. Inmates can choose among the
literacy and vocational training
conducted which are useful to them
and may apply upon release.
Area Mean
E. Sports and Recreation Services
1. Equipment and facilities for
sports and recreational activities
are provided to inmates (e.g.
badminton, table tennis, scrabble,
volleyball, chess, darts)
2. Recreational and cultural
activities are observed to benefit
the mental, physical health and
well being of the inmates.
3. Wholesome entertainment inside
the cells or within the jail
perimeter is allowed subject to
jail rules and regulations (i.e.
watching TV, Christmas party,
concert, presentations, and
socialization programs with their
families).
4. Inmates are allowed at least
one hour of suitable exercise in
open air daily if the weather
permits.
5. Inmates can present their
talents and cultural ingenuity
during programs and recreations

53

Much
Satisfied
Much
Satisfied

3.09

Much
Satisfied

3.01

Much
Satisfied

2.80

Much
Satisfied

3.00

Much
Satisfied

3.03
2.99

Much
Satisfied
Much
Satisfied

2.84

Much
Satisfied

2.83

Much
Satisfied

2.89

Much
Satisfied

2.57

Much
Satisfied
Much

activities.

2.87

Area Mean
F. Visitation Services

2.80

Much
Satisfied

3.03

Much
Satisfied

2.81

Much
Satisfied

2.96

Much
Satisfied

3.16

Much
Satisfied

1. Visitation promotes moral and

social supports to the inmates.
2. Special attention for the
maintenance and improvement of
relationship between the inmates
and his family
3. Visiting area is provided for
the inmate to entertain their
visitors.
4. Inmates are visited by any
members of his/her immediate
family (spouse, fiance, parent or
child, brother or sister, grand
parent or grandchild, uncle or
aunt, nephew or niece, and
guardian or ward).
5. Special conjugal visits by the
wife/husband of a detained spouse
for a period of time are allowed,
subject to the policy of the BJMP.
Area Mean
G. Paralegal Services
1. To inform the inmates of their
rights (including rights to a
counsel and suffrage) and laws
applicable to them (i.e. modes of
early release under existing
laws).
2. Coordinates to the public
Attorneys office (PAO),
Integrated Bar of the Philippines
(IBP) and volunteer lawyers for
free legal assistance to inmates.
3. Giving assistance to convicted
inmates in applying for probation,
good conduct time allowance
(GCTA), pardon and parole.
4. Paralegal Officers are
designated to monitor the case
status of inmates in courts.
6. Assist in looking for the best
possible surety who can
provide the bail bond most
affordable to the inmates
Area Mean

2.69

Not
Satisfied
Much
Satisfied

2.79

Much
Satisfied

2.76

Much
Satisfied

2.74

Much
Satisfied

2.73

Much
Satisfied

1.47

2.56
2.71

54

Satisfied

Much
Satisfied
Much
Satisfied

H. Religious Services
1. Respecting religious belief
among the inmates and allowed to
satisfy the needs of his/her
religious life.
2. A qualified representative,
priest, pastor, imam or leader of
any denomination is allowed to
render services to inmates.
3. Maintaining a secured and safe
place designated for worship among
inmates.
4. Religious symbols or materials
are provided to the inmates during
worship.
5. Regular religious or
interfaith activities are allowed
to the inmates in accordance to
BJMP rules and regulations.

3.11

Much
Satisfied

3.17

Much
Satisfied

2.67

Much
Satisfied

3.01

Much
Satisfied

3.03

Much
Satisfied
Much
Satisfied

3.13

Much
Satisfied

3.20

Much
Satisfied

3.09

Much
Satisfied

3.16
Area Mean

I. Therapeutic Community Modality

Program (TCMP)
1. Therapeutic community modality
is an interaction that can help
inmates while helping other
inmates.
2. All inmates can participate
during the conduct of the
therapeutic community modality.
3. The interaction among the
inmates can be designated to be
therapeutic, as the inmates will
play the dual role of clienttherapist
4. Newly committed inmates will
undergo Orientation seminars
before they can participate in the
therapeutic community modality.
Area Mean

2.93
3.09

Much
Satisfied
Much
Satisfied

the personnel and the female inmates perceived to be much

satisfied in the implementation of the program.

Along

this area, the indicator that has the highest mean of

55

3.20 is all inmates can participate during the conduct

of the therapeutic community modality. This reflected
that the program of the Bureau has an utmost effect on
the inmates because of its goal in fostering personal
growth by reshaping the inmates behavior and attitude
through their team work in defining boundaries
of their actions on what is moral and ethical while in
detention. Hence, they will become morally upright and
conscious with their actions as well as productive
constituents when they are re-integrated into their
families, friends and the community. Thus, it can be
deduced that whatever this program has to offer, both the
personnel and the inmates see its potential to be able to
transform the inmate while in detention.
The area on religious services ranked second with a
mean of 3.03, interpreted as much satisfied.
reflected that areas indicator a

The data

qualified

representative, priest, pastor, imam or leader of any

denomination is allowed to render services to inmates
obtained the highest mean of 3.17 interpreted as much
satisfied. The result indicated that the freedom of
religion is well-granted to the inmates and is closely
monitored by the personnel.

According to the respondents

56

the inmates hold on to the fact that there is one Supreme

Being they can put their trust most especially in the
struggle they are facing at the moment.
The area on educational services ranked third with a
mean of 2.99, interpreted as much satisfied.

As

claimed by the personnel, various literacy and skills

enhancement trainings are made available to inmates as
revealed in the areas indicator provide educational
vocational training to inmates with the highest mean of
3.01 interpreted as much satisfied.

The personnel

strive to outsource all possible opportunities for the

inmates literacy and educational and vocational
advancement. On the other hand, the inmates grab this
opportunities with utmost willingness to boost their
self-esteem and find their lost self-worth.
The Bureau consistently offers literacy programs to
inmates to pursue further educational growth. As for the
Bureaus record, it has produced several graduates in the
DepEds Alternative Learning System (ALS) making the
personnel and administration proud for the inmates
receiving their Secondary Equivalent Diploma.
Accordingly, this is truly an achievement both for the
inmates and personnel.

57

Ranked four is on the area of livelihood services

with a mean of 2.92 with a descriptive equivalence of
much satisfied. Along this area, the indicator that has
the highest mean is inmates are spending their earnings
on approved articles for their own use and send a part of
their earnings to their families(3.01). The management,
through the monitoring of the personnel permits various
income-generating activities so the inmates have the
means to sustain their personal expenses and for their
family while on detention. Likewise, the institutions
purpose of the inmates livelihood program is to keep the
inmate busy as well as helping them acquire livelihood
skills in order that they may become productive citizens
once they are released and assimilated back into the
mainstream society.
The area on sports and recreation ranked fifth with
a mean of 2.80, described as much satisfied.

The

indicator that has the highest mean in this area is

wholesome entertainment inside the cells or within the
jail perimeter is allowed subject to jail rules and
regulations (2.89). Based on the result, it reflected
that various physical activities are encouraged and
participated by both personnel and inmates.

58

This is one

of the rare opportunities that healthy living is promoted

and such is appreciated by both parties. Similarly,
tournaments on individual and team sports like
basketball, volleyball, billiards, table tennis and
chess, are participated by the inmates in order to
promote camaraderie, sportsmanship and teambuilding among
themselves.
Ranked six is on the area of paralegal services with
a mean of 2.71, still described as much satisfied which
consolidated with the areas indicator to inform the
inmates of their rights and laws applicable to them that
has the highest mean of 2.79.

Accordingly, the paralegal

officer is ready to help the inmates in their cases

through giving them legal advice and options.

The

personnel also give the inmates time to talk to their

lawyers for updates and correspondence which is one of
the most imperative actions for their acquittal or
dismissal.
The area on visitation services ranked seventh with
a mean of 2.69, described as much satisfied with the
highest indicator inmates are visited by any members of
his/her immediate family(3.16).

The result indicated

that the management still recognize that the family is

59

the main support of the inmates.

The inmates are much

satisfied with the time given to them to bond with their

family and friends.
Nevertheless, the indicator special conjugal visits
by the husband/wife of a detained spouse for a period of
time are allowed, subject to the policy of the BJMP is
perceived by both the personnel and the female inmates to
be less satisfied. Although this is a privilege of the
inmates, the personnel does not allow copulation between
the husband and the female inmate to avoid unplanned
pregnancy inside the institution. Accordingly, inmates
who are pregnant are at risk due to their condition and
children who are born inside the jail might develop
personal crisis or insecurities when they grow up.
Ranked eight is on the area of health services
obtaining a mean of 2.55, interpreted as much
satisfied. The result showed that the personnel makes
sure that the inmates are physically healthy and provides
medicine for common illnesses for free and facilitates
immediate transfer to the appropriate medical institution
for illnesses that require further medical attention.
The area obtaining the last rank is on the provision
for basic needs with a mean of 2.51, interpreted as much

60

satisfied.

This area falls on the borderline because

both the personnel and inmates perceive that there is

still room for improvement in the delivery of this
service. Moreover, due to the constraint budget of the
BJMP, food services and clothing supplies are limited.
Generally, the result revealed that both the
personnel and the female inmates were much satisfied in
the implementation of IWDP along the nine areas.
The result also indicated that the BJMP consistently
monitor and may support the implementation of the Inmates
Welfare and Development Programs (IWDP) which looks into
the potential of an inmate and uses this latent potential
into practical use. Through this program,
inmates/prisoners realize the skills that they never knew
they possess and the program gives them a feeling of
worthiness-something most of inmates/prisoners havent
felt during their time outside jail
(http:www.pia.gov.ph).
The result was further warranted by Nemeo,
assistant director for administration of BJMP 7, assuring
the public that offenders are properly taken cared of.
We made programs so they will be productive citizens
while inside a correctional facility, he said.

61

The program for the inmates is mandated in

Presidential Proclamation No. 551 of then President Fidel
V. Ramos, which declares the last of October as NCCW.
This program aims to empower prisoners to achieve full
rehabilitation by making them self-reliant and the jails
sustainable.
The program also provides for the legal needs of
overstaying inmates or those who have not been scheduled
for hearing.
Similarly, it also promotes livelihood and
entrepreneurship, furthers their educational attainment,
and establishes linkages outside to sustain their
transformation.
Apart from encouraging them to seek religious
counseling, the program also promotes fitness and love of
arts and culture.
As the saying goes, we should teach them how to
fish so they will have fish throughout their lives.
Sagadal said (Davinci S. Maru, 2012).
Difference in the Perceptions of the Personnel and
Inmates on the Level of Satisfaction in the
Implementation of IWDP at Baguio City
Jail Female Dorm

62

Table 3.1 shows the difference in the perceptions of

the respondents on the level of satisfaction of the
implementation of IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female
Dorm.
As exhibited in Table 3.1, the female dorm personnel
perceived the over-all level of satisfaction of the
implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female
Dorm as very much satisfied with an average weighted
mean of 3.25. On the one hand, the female inmates remark
a lower level of satisfaction in the implementation of
the IWDP with an average weighted mean of 2.63
interpreted as much satisfied.
Table 3.1 Summary of Perceptions of the Personnel and
Inmates on the Level of Satisfaction of the
Implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female
Dorm
Area
1. Provision for Basic Needs
2. Health Services
3. Livelihood Services
4. Educational Services
5. Sports and Recreation Services
6. Visitation Services
7. Paralegal Services
8. Religious Services
9. Therapeutic Community Modality
Program
Average Weighted Mean
F.05= 2.120

Personnel

Inmate

2.93
3.15
3.37
3.26
3.20
3.25
3.22
3.46

2.35
2.30
2.75
2.88
2.64
2.46
2.51
2.85

Weighted
Mean
2.51
2.55
2.92
2.99
2.81
2.69
2.71
3.03

3.41

2.96

3.09

3.25
t.value = 2.28

63

2.63
2.81
*significant

The difference in the perception may be attributed

to the fact that the personnel are all out in their
support for all these programs.

They are very much

satisfied with how the Bureau of Jail Management and

Penology (BJMP) goes the extra mile to support the
inmates while under their custody. On the other hand, the
inmates perceive it as much satisfied because they see
that there is still more that can be done for them
especially in the delivery of their basic needs while
under detention.

They feel that, while proving their

innocence in the court of law, they deserve a more

compassionate safekeeping from the BJMP.
Statistically, the computed t-test value of 2.63 is
greater than the critical value of 2.120 at 0.05 level of
significance.

Therefore, the hypothesis that there is a

difference between the perceptions of the personnel and

the female inmates on the level of satisfaction in the
implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development
Program (IWDP) in Baguio City Jail Female Dorm is
accepted. It implies that the perceptions of the two
groups differ significantly in terms of satisfaction in
the implementation of the program.

64

In conclusion, the IWDP implemented by the BJMP

personnel intends to eliminate the inmates criminal
behavior, reform them to become law abiding and
productive citizens and to prepare them for their
eventual return to their families and absorbed into the
mainstream of society.
Degree of Seriousness of the Problems Encountered
in the Implementation of the IWDP at the
Baguio City Jail Female Dorm
Table 4 presents the degree of seriousness of the
problems encountered in the implementation of the IWDP at
the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm as perceived by the jail
personnel and the female inmates.

Table 4. Summary on the Degree of Seriousness of the

Problems Encountered in the Implementation of the IWDP
at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm
Area
1. Provision for Basic Needs
2. Health Services
3. Livelihood Services
4. Educational Services
5. Sports and Recreation
Services
6. Visitation Services
7. Paralegal Services
8. Religious Services
9. Therapeutic Community
Modality Program

Weighted
Mean
2.53
2.85
2.60
2.63
2.57

Descriptive
Equivalence
Much Serious
Much Serious
Much Serious
Much Serious

Rank
5
1
3
2

2.43
2.51
2.33

Much
Less
Much
Less

Serious
Serious
Serious
Serious

4
7
6
8.5

2.33

Less Serious

8.5

As gleaned in the table, the area on health services

ranked highest in the degree of seriousness of the
65

problems encountered in the implementation of IWDP at the

BCJ-Female dorm with a mean of 2.85 as perceived by the
personnel and female inmates as much serious.
The result is attributed to the insufficiency of
medicine to treat the illness of the inmates. Likewise,
the jail is not equipped with a quarantine room where
sick inmates are confined to ensure that the others are
not contaminated.
The inmates also stressed that it is difficult to be
sick while in detention because of the lack of in-house
or on-call physician to treat them immediately.
Health care while in prison is especially important
because inmates are much more likely to suffer from
chronic health conditions brought about by sanitation
issues and mental health issues caused by uncertainties
in their cases.
The area on educational services ranked second with
a mean of 2.63, interpreted as much serious. The
personnel and inmates view education as a very important
tool for a person to survive. Thus, with all the literacy
and skills enhancement trainings granted to the inmates,
the fear that there will be no qualified trainer posts a
problem to the respondents. Also, due to budgetary

66

constraints, not all materials needed for their education

are made available to them.
The area on livelihood services ranked third with a
mean of 2.60, interpreted as much serious.

The

seriousness of this area lies on the fact that there is

very limited market for the products of the inmates.
There is no tie-up with the outside market to patronize
their product and no constant buyers for their products.
The area on sports and recreation ranked next with a
mean of 2.57, described as much serious.

Due to the

inadequate space, there is not enough room to undertake

various outdoor sports. As much as the personnel and
inmates want to conduct competitions for various sports,
the limited budget for these kinds of activities posts a
very serious problem.
The area on the provision for basic needs ranked
next with a mean of 2.53, described as much serious.
Still, the problem of inadequate food and congested cells
are the most serious problems in this area.

Some inmates

regard the food as falling below the standards of

nutritional value. With the limited space, the cells
exceed the ideal number of inmates making it less
comfortable for them.

67

The area on paralegal services ranked the next with

a mean of 2.51, described as much serious.

Inmates may

feel that due to the slow trial process, their cases are
not being monitored by the jails paralegal officers. The
reason is that the number of offenders are constantly
increasing, making it more difficult for the paralegal
officers to cater to them in-depth.
The area on visitation services ranks next with a
mean of 2.43, described as less serious.

The inmates

feel that anytime, this privilege may be curtailed.

But

because the inmates understand the situation, they

strictly comply with the regulations set by management so
as to enjoy this privilege continuously.

The personnel

give them enough freedom to be with their family and

friends on scheduled time.
The area on religious services and the therapeutic
community modality program ranked the least serious with
a mean of 2.33.

The personnel and inmates have

encountered very slight problems in these two areas.

Petty problems such as non-participating inmates can be
addressed easily.
In general, the personnel see that any problem
encountered in any of these areas are tolerable and can

68

be addressed without much struggle. Despite the result

where most of problems encountered by the personnel in
the implementation of the nine service areas of IWDP are
perceived to be much serious, the BJMP personnel prove
that they are very able and equipped to answer to any
problem that may arise. Meanwhile, the inmates perceive
the degree of seriousness of the problems to be much
serious because they are under the command of the
personnel.

Summary of Findings
The following are the major findings of the study:
1.

Findings revealed that there is considerable

execution on religious services, therapeutic community

modality program and livelihood services in the
implementation of Inmates Welfare and Development Program
(IWPD) in Baguio City Jail Female Dorm as perceived by
the respondents. Along the health services area, it is
professed as less implemented. Differences were noted in
the perceptions of the personnel and inmates on the level
of implementation of IWDP.

69

2.

There is much satisfaction of the respondents in

the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development

Programs in Baguio City Jail Female Dorm as perceived by
the respondents. Differences were noted in the
perceptions of the personnel and inmates on the level of
satisfaction in the implementation of IWDP.
3.

Health, educational and livelihood services are

the areas perceived by the respondents to be much serious

in terms of the degree of problems encountered in the
implementation of IWDP while religious and visitation
services along with therapeutic community modality
program are perceived to be a less serious problem.

70

Chapter 4
Conclusions and Recommendations
This chapter provides the conclusions and
recommendations based on the major findings of the study.
Conclusions
1.

The BJMP personnel are diligent and consistent

in implementing the eight service areas to the female

inmates as indicated in the Inmates Welfare Development
Program in Baguio City Jail Female Dorm, though, the less
implementation on health services is attributed to the
insufficiency of health personnel and medicine supplies.

71

2.

Both the BJMP personnel and the female inmates

are considerably satisfied in the implementation of the

nine service areas as indicated in the Inmates Welfare
and Development Programs (IWDP) in the Baguio City Jail
Female dorm.
3.

Health, educational, and livelihood services

are considered to be a much serious problem because of

limited budget and insufficient fund to augment the needs
of the female inmates.

Recommendations
The following are the recommendations based on
the findings and conclusions of the study.
1.

It is recommended that treatment for common to

less severe illnesses be approved by a prison doctor or a

member of the healthcare team. In-patient beds are
recommended to be made available to detainees,
quarantined in a separate room so as not to transmit the
disease to fellow inmates. There should be a continuous
supply of medicine for common sickness.

These medicines

should be made available to the inmates at an instant to

secure treatment of the illness immediately.

72

2.

The

established

inmates
upon

facility.

health

the

Health

record

inmate's

care

staff

should

arrival

should

at

schedule

be
the
an

annual health care check-up or examination for each

inmate

to

ensure

her

health

conditions

are

not

should

be

aggravated if any.
3.

Psychiatric

health

services

available to all prisoners. All prisoners in need of

psychiatric health services shall be identified in a
timely

manner

and

be

afforded

transfer

to

the

appropriate facility for treatment.

4.
of

Recreation programs should include a range

activities

such

as,

yoga

and

also

meditation.

These days recreation is a vital aspect in almost

all

prisons

because

it

is

used

as

therapeutic

tool, and it may reduce recidivism. The benefits and

skills that inmates obtain from exercise, such as
time management, wellness, stress relief, and anger
management,

will

assist

them

in

the

community

as

well.
5.

It is recommended that a larger room for

recreation particularly for indoor and outdoor sports

be provided in the Baguio City female dorm.

73

6.
studies

It is also highly recommended that further

be

Modality

conducted

Program

on

the

regarding

Therapeutic
its

Community

effectiveness

and

influence to inmates and as to the extent of the

effect on the totality of the inmates.
7.

It

is

further

recommended

that

highly

qualified trainers in yoga and meditation be employed

to inmates in order to make this activity safe and
effective.

REFERENCES
Brazzell, Crayton, Lindahl, Mukamal, and Solomon.(2009).
From the Classroom to the Community: Exploring the
Role of Education During Incarceration and Re-entry.
The Urban Institute Justice Policy Center, John Jay
College of Criminal Justice.
Burke, L.O and Vivian,J.E. (2001). The Effect of College
Programming on Recidivism Rates at the Hampden
County House of Correction: A 5-Year Study. Journal
of Correctional Education, Vol. 52, No.5 pp.160162
Bureau of Corrections (n.d) Retrieved February 7, 2014,
http://www.bucor.gov.ph/programs.html
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Manual Revised
2007, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
Official Website retrieved February 7, 2014,
http://www.bjmp.gov.ph/
Davinci S. Maru.(2012). 27 inmates finish ALS Program. .
Sun.Star).

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Federal Bureau of Prisons (n.d). Retrieved February 7,

2014,http://www.bop.gov/inmates/custody_and_care/
Gerald G. Gaes.(2008).The Impact of Prison Education
Programs on Post-Release Outcomes. Roundtable on
Education.
Harer, M.D.(1995). Recidivism Among Federal Prisoners
Released in 1987. Journal of Correctional Education,
Vol. 46, No.3 pp. 98128
Johnson, B. R. (2001). Reviewing and clarifying the role
of religion in reducing crime and delinquency.
Federal Probation, 65(3), 49-52.
Johnson, B. R. (2004). Religious programs and recidivism
among former inmates in prison fellowship programs:
A long-term follow-up study. Justice Quarterly,
21(2), 329-354.
Johnson, B. R., Larson, D. B., Li, S. D., and Jang, S. J.
(2000). Escaping from the crime of innercities:
Church attendance and religious salience among
disadvantaged youth. Justice Quarterly, 17,377-392.
Johnson, B. R., Larson, D. B., & Pitts, T. (1997).
Religious programs, institutional adjustment, and
recidivism among former inmates in Prison
Fellowship programs. Justice Quarterly, 14,145-166.
Johnson, B. R., Tompkins, R. B. and Webb, D. (2002).
Objective hope: Assessing the effectiveness of
faith-based organizations: A review of literature.
Retrieved November 7, 2008 from
http://www.nicic.org/Library/020279
Martin, J. E., and Carlson, C. R. (1988). Spiritual
dimensions of health psychology. In W. Miller & J.
Martin (Eds.), Behavior therapy and religion:
Integrating spiritual and behavioral approaches to
change (pp. 57-110). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Prisoner Rehabilitation (n.d).Retrieved February 7,
2014,http://www.rehabilitations.org./prisonerrehabilitation.html
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Prison Programs (n.d). Retrieved February 7, 2014,

http://listverse.com/2008/08/14/top-10-modernprison-programs/
The Directorate for Inmates Welfare and Development
Manual (1st ed.). (2013)BJMP Building 144 Mindanao
Avenue Project 8, pp.3, 8,&22.

APPENDICES
Appendix A
Republic of the Philippines
CORDILLERA CAREER DEVELOPMENT COLLEGE
Buyagan Poblacion, La Trinidad, Benguet
Letter to the respondent
March 24, 2014
Dear Respondent:
I am conducting a research on the implementation of
Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP)
particularly at Baguio City Jail-Female Dormitory. This
research is entitled WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM TO
FEMALE INMATES IN BAGUIO CITY JAIL. It is a partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Master of
Public Administration in which I am currently enrolled at
the Cordillera Career Development College in Buyagan
Poblacion La Trinidad, Benguet.
76

In this regard, may I ask you to kindly answer

honestly and accurately as much as you could the attached
questionnaire-checklist. Rest assured that the data
gathered from you will be treated with utmost
confidentiality and shall be strictly used for this study
only.
By doing it well, this research will hopefully help
in further improving the implementation of the IWDP not
only in Baguio City jail-FD but also in the whole region
if not the entire BJMP organization.
Thank you very much for your cooperation.
Respectfully yours,
Milagrose L. Biniahan
Noted by:
ABELLO K. FERNANDO, Ph.D
Appendix B
Republic of the Philippines
CORDILLERA CAREER DEVELOPMENT COLLEGE
Buyagan Poblacion, La Trinidad, Benguet
March 24, 2014
JCINSP MARY ANN OLLAGING-TRESMANIO
Warden, Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm
Abanao Street, Baguio City
Madam:
I am conducting a research on the implementation of
Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP)
particularly at the Baguio City Jail- Female Dormitory.
This research is entitled, WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM TO FEMALE INMATES IN BAGUIO CITY JAIL. It is a
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree,
Master of Public Administration in which I am currently

77

enrolled at Cordillera Career Development College in

Buyagan Poblacion, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Relative to this, may I ask your permission to please
allow me to distribute some questionnaire-checklist to
some of the personnel and female inmates in the Baguio
City Jail-Female Dormitory.
Thank you very much maam and hoping for your
approval.
Very truly yours,
Milagrose L. Biniahan
Jail Officer 1
Researcher

Noted by:
ABELLO K. FERNANDO, Ph.D
Thesis Adviser

Approved/Disapproved:
APPENDIX C
QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Respondent:
The undersigned is conducting a research study
entitled WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS (WDP) TO
FEMALE INMATES IN BAGUIO CITY JAIL that aims to provide
recommendations for the enhancement of the rehabilitation
programs and services of said institution.
May I request your very kind assistance by answering
the attached questionnaire? Your responses shall be
treated with utmost confidentiality.
Thank you.
Milagrose L. Biniahan
Researcher
Part I. Personal Data

78

Name:(Optional)_________________________________________
Age:________________ Civil Status:______________________
Length of Detention (for Inmates):______________________
Length of Service (for BJMP Officers):__________________
Part II. Inmates Welfare and Development Programs (IWDP)
of Baguio City Jail- Female Dorm.
Directions: Level of implementation of the IWDP of BCJ
FD. Please check the box each indicator using the scale
below.
Legend:

I.
A.

4
3
2
1

Very Much Implemented (VMI)

Much Implemented (MI)
Less Implemented (LI)
Not Implemented (NI)

Level of Implementation of the IWDP at Baguio

City Jail Female Dorm.
PROVISIONS OF BASIC NEEDS
4

INDICATORS

VMI MI

1. Adequate food with nutritional

value and good for health and
strength.
2. Accommodations/cells are available
and Suitable to associate with one
another.
3. Provided with clothing which is
suitable and in no manner be
degrading or humiliating.
4. Water and hygiene supplies are
provided to.
5. Keep their person clean.
6. Provided with bed and wash room in
good order and ensure cleanliness.
7. Others, please specify
79

SI

LI

B. HEALTH SERVICES
INDICATORS

VMI MI

SI

LI

SI

LI

1. Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm has

health officers such as physician,
nurse and dentist.
2. The jail is maintaining a medical
clinic where sick inmates are
examined, temporarily confined and
given free medicines.
3. The health service unit is well
organized to attain to the medical
and dental need of inmates.
4. Sick inmates requiring specialized
treatment are transferred to
hospital or specialized
institution.
5. Coordination to the Medical/Dental
society or Non-Government
Organizations for the conduct of
medical and dental mission to the
inmates.
6. Others, please specify
C. LIVELIHOOD SERVICES
INDICATORS

VMI MI
1. Afford livelihood activities with
compensation for inmates labors
(e.g. paper craft, crocheting,
cross stitch, barber shop,
tailoring, to augment his/her other
basic needs.
2. Inmates can choose livelihood
activities according to their
vocational background or training
under the direct supervision of
BJMP personnel.
3. Inmates are allowed to spend their
earnings on approved articles for
80

their own use and send a part of

their earnings to their families.
4. All livelihood activities of the
inmates are being enforced and
monitored by BJMP personnel.
5. Training is conducted to enhance
the skills of the inmates as a
means of livelihood and in
preparation for their release.
6. Others, please specify

D. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
INDICATORS

VMI MI
1. Provide literacy classes to inmates
(e.g. Alternative Learning System,
tutorial, reading, writing)
2. Provide vocational training to
inmates (e.g. tailoring,
dressmaking, cosmetology, baking,
barbering.
3. Educational or learning
materials/supplies are being
provided to the inmate learners.
4. Teachers and tutors are qualified
being provided by the DepEd and
TESDA
5. Inmates may choose among the
literacy and vocational training
conducted which are useful to them
and may apply upon release.
6. Others, please specify
E. SPORTS AND RECREATION SERVICES
81

SI

LI

INDICATORS

VMI MI

SI

LI

SI

LI

1. Equipment and facilities for sports

and recreational activities are
provided to inmates (e.g.
badminton, table tennis, scrabble,
volleyball, chess, darts)
2. Recreational and cultural
activities are observed to benefit
the mental, physical health and
well being of the inmates.
3. Wholesome entertainment inside the
cells or within the jail perimeter
is allowed subject to jail rules
and regulations (i.e. watching TV,
Christmas party, concert,
presentations, and socialization
programs with their families).
4. Inmates are allowed at least one
hour of suitable exercise in open
air daily if the weather permits.
5. Inmates can present their talents
and cultural ingenuity during
programs and recreations
activities.
6. Others, please specify
F. VISITATION
INDICATORS

SERVICES
3

VMI MI
1. Visitation promotes moral and
social supports to the inmates.
2. Special attention for the
maintenance and improvement of
relationship between the inmates
and his family.
3. Visiting area is provided for the
inmate to entertain their visitors.
4. Inmates are visited by any members
of his/her immediate family
(spouse, fiance, parent or child,

82

brother or sister, grand parent or

grandchild, uncle or aunt, nephew
or niece, and guardian or ward).
5. Special conjugal visits by the
wife/husband of a detained spouse
for a period of time are allowed,
subject to the policy of the BJMP.
6. Others, please specify
G. PARALEGAL
INDICATORS

SERVICES
4

VMI MI

SI

LI

SI

LI

1. To inform the inmates of their

rights (including rights to a
counsel and suffrage) and laws
applicable to them (i.e. modes of
early release under existing laws).
2. Coordinates to the public
Attorneys office (PAO), Integrated
Bar of the Philippines (IBP) and
volunteer lawyers for free legal
assistance to inmates.
3. Giving assistance to convicted
inmates in applying for probation,
good conduct time allowance (GCTA),
pardon and parole.
4. Paralegal Officers are designated
to monitor the case status of
inmates in courts.
5. Assist in looking for the best
possible surety who can provide the
bail bond most affordable to the
inmates
6. Others, please specify
H. RELIGIOUS
INDICATORS

SERVICES
3

VMI MI
1. Respect of religion among the
inmates is being observed and

83

2.

3.
4.
5.

6.

allowed to satisfy the needs of

his/her religious life.
A qualified representative, priest,
pastor, imam or leader of any
denomination is allowed to render
services to the inmates.
Maintain a secured and safe place
designated for worship among
inmates.
Religious symbols or materials are
provided to the inmates during
worship.
Regular religious or interfaith
activities are allowed to the
inmates in accordance to BJMP rules
and regulations.
Others, please specify

I. THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY

INDICATORS

VMI MI
1. Therapeutic community modality is
an interaction that helps inmates
gets help while helping other
inmates.
2. All inmates are required to
participate during the conduct of
the therapeutic community modality.
3. The interactions among the inmates
are designed to be therapeutic, as
the inmates will play the dual rule
of client-therapist.
4. The conduct of therapeutic
community modality of the inmates
is under the direct supervision of
BJMP personnel.
5. Orientation seminars are being
conducted to the newly committed
inmates before they can participate
in the therapeutic community
modality.
6. Others, please specify

84

SI

LI

Directions: Level of satisfaction on the implementation

of the IWDP of BCJ - FD. Please check the box after each
indicator using the scale below.
Legend:

4
3
2
1

Very Much Satisfied (VMS)

Much Satisfied (MS)
Less Satisfied (LS)
Not Satisfied (NS)

2. Level of Satisfaction of the implementation of the

IWDP at Baguio City Jail Female Dorm.
A. PROVISIONS OF BASIC NEEDS
INDICATORS

VMS MS

LS

NS

LS

NS

1. Food services are adequate.

2. Adequate accommodations and cells.
3. Adequate clothing supplies
4. Sufficient water and hygiene
supplies.
5. Provided with bed and wash room in
good order and ensure cleanliness
6. Others, please specify
B. HEALTH SERVICES
INDICATORS

VMS MS
1. Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm is
provided with health officers such
as physician, nurse and dentist who
can attain to the health needs of
inmates.
2. The jail has a medical clinic where
sick inmates are examined,
temporarily confined and given free
medicines.

85

3. The health service unit is well

organized to attain to the medical
and dental needs of inmates.
4. Sick inmates requiring specialized
treatment are transferred to
hospital or specialized
institution.
5. Coordination to the Medical/dental
society or Non-Government
Organizations for medical and
dental mission to the inmates.
6. Others, please specify

C. LIVELIHOOD SERVICES
INDICATORS

VMS MS
1. Inmates are compensated on their
livelihood activities (e.g.
combining paper craft, crocheting,
cross stitch barber shop,
tailoring, to augment his/her other
basic needs.
2. Inmates can choose livelihood
services according to their
vocational background or training
under the direct supervision of
BJMP personnel.
3. Inmates are spending their earnings
on approved articles for their own
use and send a part of their
earnings to their families.
4. All livelihood services of the
inmates are being enforced and
monitored by BJMP personnel.
5. Trainings are being conducted to
enhance the skills of the inmates
as a means of livelihood and in
preparation for their release.

86

LS

NS

6. Others, please specify

D. EDUCATIONAL
INDICATORS

SERVICES
4

VMS MS

LS

NS

LS

NS

1. Provide literacy classes to inmates

(e.g. Alternative Learning System,
tutorial, reading, writing,
2. Educational vocational training to
inmates (e.g. tailoring,
dressmaking, cosmetology, baking,
practical electricity, electronics,
barbering)
3. Educational or learning
materials/supplies are being
provided to the inmate learnings.
4. Teachers and tutors are qualified
being provided by the DepEd and
TESDA
5. Inmates can choose among the
literacy and vocational training
conducted which are useful to them
and may apply upon release.
6. Others, please specify
E. SPORTS AND RECREATION
INDICATORS

SERVICES
3

VMS MS
1. Equipment and facilities for sports
and recreational activities are
provided to inmates (e.g.
badminton, table tennis, scrabble,
volleyball, chess, darts)
2. Recreational and cultural
activities are observed to benefit
the mental, physical health and
well being of the inmates.
3. Wholesome entertainment inside the
cells or within the jail perimeter
is allowed subject to jail rules

87

and regulations (i.e. watching TV,

Christmas party, concert,
presentations, and socialization
programs with their families).
4. Inmates are allowed at least one
hour of suitable exercise in open
air daily if the weather permits.
5. Inmates can present their talents
and cultural ingenuity during
programs and recreations
activities.
6. Others, please specify
F. VISITATION
INDICATORS

SERVICES
4

VMS MS

LS

NS

LS

NS

1. Visitation promotes moral and

social supports to the inmates.
2. Special attention for the
maintenance and improvement of
relationship between the inmates
and his family.
3. Visiting area is provided for the
inmate to entertain their visitors.
4. Inmates are visited by any members
of his/her immediate family
(spouse, fiance, parent or child,
brother or sister, grand parent or
grandchild, uncle or aunt, nephew
or niece, and guardian or ward).
5. Special conjugal visits by the
wife/husband of a detained spouse
for a period of time are allowed,
subject to the policy of the BJMP.
6. Others, please specify
G. PARALEGAL
INDICATORS

SERVICES
3

VMS MS
1. To inform the inmates of their

88

rights (including rights to a

counsel and suffrage) and laws
applicable to them (i.e. modes of
early release under existing laws).
2. Coordinates to the public
Attorneys office (PAO), Integrated
Bar of the Philippines (IBP) and
volunteer lawyers for free legal
assistance to inmates.
3. Giving assistance to convicted
inmates in applying for probation,
good conduct time allowance (GCTA),
pardon and parole.
4. Paralegal Officers are designated
to monitor the case status of
inmates in courts.

5. Assist in looking for the best

possible surety who can provide the
bail bond most affordable to the
inmates
6. Others, please specify
H. RELIGIOUS
INDICATORS

SERVICES
4

VMS MS
1. Respecting religious belief among
the inmates and allowed to satisfy
the needs of his/her religious
life.
2. A qualified representative, priest,
pastor, imam or leader of any
denomination is allowed to render
services t inmates.
3. Maintaining a secured and safe
place designated for worship among
inmates.
4. Religious symbols or materials are
provided to the inmates during
worship.

89

LS

NS

5. Regular religious or interfaith

activities are allowed to the
inmates in accordance to BJMP rules
and regulations.
6. Others, please specify
I. THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY
INDICATORS

VMS MS

LS

NS

1. Therapeutic community modality is

an interaction that can help
inmates while helping other
inmates.
2. All inmates can participate during
the conduct of the therapeutic
community modality.
3. The interaction among the inmates
can be designated to be
therapeutic, as the inmates will
play the dual role of clienttherapist.
4. Newly committed inmates will
undergo Orientation seminars before
they can participate in the
therapeutic community modality.
5. Others, please specify
Directions: Degree of seriousness of problems encountered
in the implementation of the IWDP at BCJ FD Please check
the box after each indicator using the scale below:
Legend:

4
3
2
1

Very Much Serious (VMS)

Much Serious (MS)
Less Serious (LS)
Not Serious (NS)

3. Degree of seriousness of the problems encountered in

the implementation of the IWDP at BCJ Female dorm.
A. PROVISIONS OF BASIC NEEDS
INDICATORS
90

LS
VMS MS

NS

1. Food services are inadequate.

2. Insufficient accommodations and
congested cells.
3. Inadequate clothing supplies.
4. Insufficient water and hygiene
supplies.
5. Lack of bed and wash room causing
deteriorating cleanliness.
6. Others, please specify

B. HEALTH SERVICES
INDICATORS

VMS MS

LS

NS

LS

NS

1. Lack of qualified health officers

such as physician, nurse and
dentist.
2. Lack of medical and dental
equipment and supplies.
3. Lack of space to hold sick or
inmates under observations for
health reasons.
4. Sick inmates needs Court Order to
be transferred to hospital or
specialized institution.
5.
No isolation room to segregate
inmates inflicted with contagious
diseases.
6. Others, please specify
C. LIVELIHOOD SERVICES
INDICATORS

VMS MS
1. Lack of materials needed by the
inmates for their livelihood
91

activities.
2. Lack of market outlet to help sell
inmates products.
3. Inconsistent income generating
activities to help earn for a
living while under detention.
4. Improper supervision in the conduct
of livelihood activities of the
inmates.
5. BJMP policy restricting the
implementation of livelihood
activities
6. Others, please specify

D. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
INDICATORS

VMS MS

LS

NS

LS

NS

1. Lack of funds to support literacy

classes for inmates.
2. Lack of a space to conduct
vocational training or literacy
education to inmates.
3. Inadequate educational or learning
materials/supplies for the inmate
learnings.
4. No qualified teachers and tutors to
teach the inmates.
5. Favoritism in selecting inmates to
undergo literacy and vocational
training.
6. Others, please specify
E. SPORTS AND RECREATION
INDICATORS

SERVICES
3

VMS MS
1. Lack of equipment and facilities
for sports and recreational
activities for the inmates (e.g.
92

badminton, table tennis, scrabble,

basketball, volleyball, chess,
billiard, darts)
2. Lack of space for sports,
recreational and cultural
activities within the jail
premises.
3. Jail rules and regulations
restricting the wholesome
entertainment inside the cells or
within the jail perimeter (i.e.
watching TV, Christmas party,
concert, presentations, and
socialization programs with their
families.
4. Irregular holding of sports
competition and recreation
programs.
5. Lack of budget to sponsor the
conduct of inmates cultural
programs and recreations
activities.
6. Others, please specify.
F. VISITATION SERVICES
INDICATORS

VMS MS
1. Lack of attention for the
maintenance and improvement of
relationship between the inmates
and family.
2. Lack of space as visiting area,
where inmates can entertain their
visitors.
3. Jail rules and policies are
restricting visitation of inmates.
4. All visitors are subjected to
security rules and regulations
before entering the jail.
5. Inmates are only allowed to
entertain few visitor due to the
many numbers of visitors.
93

LS

NS

6. Others, please specify.

G. PARALEGAL SERVICES
INDICATORS

VMS MS

LS

NS

LS

NS

1. Newly committed inmates are not

being informed of their rights
(including rights to a counsel and
suffrage) and laws applicable to
them (i.e. modes of early release
under existing law).
2. Lack of coordination to the Public
Attorneys Office (PAO), Integrated
Bar of the Philippines (IBP) and
volunteer lawyers for free legal
assistance to inmates
3. Lack of assistance to convicted
inmates in applying for probation,
good conduct time allowance (GCTA),
pardon and parole.
4. Lack of qualified Paralegal
Officers to monitor the case status
of inmates in courts.
5. Lack of assistance in looking for
the best possible surety who can
provide the bail bond most
affordable to the inmates.
6. Others, please specify
H. RELIGIOUS SERVICES
INDICATORS

VMS MS
1. Confusions among inmates are
experienced due to the several
religious groups visiting the jail.
2. Lack of qualified representative,
priest, pastor, imam or leader of
any denomination to render services
to the inmates.
94

3. Lack of space for the conduct of

religious worship among inmates.
4. Religious symbols or materials are
not openly displayed s they might
be offensive to other belief and
denomination
5. Conduct of religious services is
being regulated for security
reasons and in accordance to BJMP
rules and regulations.
6. Others, please specify

I. THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY

INDICATORS

VMS MS
1. Lack of space where the therapeutic
community modality activity is
being conducted.
2. Lack of interest on the part of the
inmates to participate during the
conduct of the therapeutic
community modality.
3. Some inmates cannot interact to
other inmates, as they claimed that
they are all the same and facing
their respective problems regarding
their cases.
4. The presence of BJMP personnel
causes disturbance among the
inmates during the conduct of
therapeutic community modality
activity.
5. Newly committed inmates are not
oriented firs, before they can join
the therapeutic community modality
activity.
6. Others, please specify

Thank you very much and God bless!!!

95

LS

NS

Milagrose L. Biniahan
Researcher

APPENDIX D
t-test computation
Level of Implementation of IWDP at Baguio City JailFemale Dorm

Personnel
Indicators

X1

(X1 - X1)

Inmates

(X1 - X1)2

X2

(X1 - X2)

(X2 - X2)2

A. Basic Needs

2.87

-0.33

0.1067

2.37

-0.33

0.1096

B. Health Services

2.85

-0.35

0.1202

2.35

-0.35

0.1233

C. Livelihood Services
D. Educational
Services
E. Sports and
Recreation Services

3.18

-0.02

0.0003

2.83

0.13

0.0166

3.15

-0.05

0.0022

2.74

0.04

0.0015

3.35

0.15

0.0235

2.66

-0.04

0.0017

F. Visitation Services

3.17

-0.03

0.0007

2.50

-0.20

0.0404

G. Paralegal Services

3.23

0.03

0.0011

2.50

-0.20

0.0404

H. Religious Services
I. Therapeutic
Community Modality

3.50

0.30

0.0920

3.19

0.49

0.2390

3.47

0.27

0.0747

3.17

0.47

0.2199

TOTAL
MEAN

28.77

0.4214 24.31

3.20

2.70

96

0.7925

Where x1

mean of sample 1

x2 =

mean of sample 2

n1 =

number of subjects in sample 1

n2 =

number of subjects in sample 2

s12=

S22=

variance of sample 1 =

_
(x1 x1)2
n1

variance of sample 2 =

_
(x2 x2)2
n2

T-test Computation:
S12 = 0.4214 / 9
= 0.0468
t =

=
t=

S22 = 0.7925 / 9
= 0.0881

3.20 - 2.70
______ _______________
________________
(.0468) + (.0881)
.50 / 0.3673
2.60

t0.05 = 2.120

Decision :

Accept the hypothesis (Ha)

Interpretation: There is a significant difference

between the personnel and the inmates on
the level of implementation of the IWDP at
Baguio City Jail Female Dorm
97

APPENDIX D
t-test computation

Personnel
(X1 X1)

(X1 X1)2

(X2 X2)2

Indicators

X1

A. Basic Needs
B. Health Services
C. Livelihood Services
D. Educational
Services
E. Sports and
Recreation Services
F. Visitation Services
G. Paralegal Services
H. Religious Services
I. Therapeutic
Community Modality
TOTAL
MEAN

2.93
3.15
3.37

-0.32
-0.10
0.12

0.1024
0.0100
0.0144

2.35
2.30
2.75

-0.28 0.0803
-0.33 0.1111
0.12 0.0136

3.26

0.01

0.0001

2.88

0.25 0.0608

3.20
3.25
3.22
3.46

-0.05
0.00
-0.03
0.21

0.0025
0.0000
0.0009
0.0441

2.64
2.46
2.51
2.85

3.41
29.25
3.25

0.16

0.0256
0.2000

2.96
23.70
2.63

98

X2

Inmates
(X1 X2)

0.01
-0.17
-0.12
0.22

0.0000
0.0300
0.0152
0.0469

0.33 0.1067
0.4648

Level of Satisfaction on the Implementation of the IWDP

at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm

Where x1

mean of sample 1

x2 =

mean of sample 2

n1 =

number of subjects in sample 1

n2 =

number of subjects in sample 2

s12=

S22=

variance of sample 1 =

_
(x1 x1)2
n1

variance of sample 2 =

_
(x2 x2)2
n2

T-test Computation:
S12 = 0.2000 / 9
= 0.0222
t =

=
t=

S22 = 0.4648 / 9
= 0.0516

3.25 - 2.63
______ _______________
________________
(.0222) + (.0516)
.62 / 0.2717
2.28

t0.05 = 2.12

Decision:

Accept the Hypothesis (Ha)

Interpretation: There is significant difference

between the personnel and inmates on the
99

level of satisfaction of the

implementation of IWDP at Baguio City
Jail-Female Dorm

APPENDIX E
t-test computation
Level of Seriousness on the Problems Encountered in the
Implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female
Dorm

Indicators

X1

Personnel
(X1 (X1 X1)
X1)2

X2

Inmates
(X1 (X2 X2)
X2)2

A. Basic Needs
B. Health Services

2.15
2.51

0.03
0.39

0.0008
0.1512

2.68
2.98

-0.01
0.29

0.0001
0.0835

C. Livelihood Services
D. Educational
Services
E. Sports and
Recreation Services
F. Visitation Services
G. Paralegal Services
H. Religious Services
I. Therapeutic
Community Modality

2.17

0.05

0.0024

2.77

0.08

0.0062

2.11

-0.01

0.0001

2.83

0.14

0.0193

2.21
1.96
1.97
2.01

0.09
-0.16
-0.15
-0.11

0.0079
0.0260
0.0228
0.0123

2.71
2.59
2.73
2.47

0.02
-0.10
0.04
-0.22

0.0004
0.0102
0.0015
0.0489

2.00

-0.12

0.0147

2.46

-0.23

0.0534

100

TOTAL
MEAN

19.09
2.12

Where x1

0.2383 24.22
2.69

mean of sample 1

x2 =

mean of sample 2

n1 =

number of subjects in sample 1

n2 =

number of subjects in sample 2

s12=

S22=

variance of sample 1 =

_
(x1 x1)2
n1

variance of sample 2 =

_
(x2 x2)2
n2

T-test Computation:
S12 = 0.2383 / 9
= 0.0265

t =

=
t=

S22 = 0.2235 / 9
= 0.0248

2.12 - 2.69
______ _______________
________________
(.0265) + (.0248)
.57 / 0.2265
2.52

t0.05 = 2.120

Decision:

Accept the hypothesis (Ha)

101

0.2235

Interpretation: There is significant difference

between the personnel and inmates as to
the Degree of Seriousness of the problems
encountered in the implementation of the
IWDP at Baguio City Jail- Female Dorm

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name:

Milagrose L.Biniahan

Birthday: December 15, 1978

Birthplace:

Tinoc, Ifugao

Civil Status:

Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

Address:

AE229-A Buyagan La Trinidad, Benguet

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary----------------Cordillera Career Development
College
Bachelor of Science in
Criminology 2000
Buyagan La Trinidad, Benguet
102

Secondary--------------- Ifugao State College of

Agriculture and Forestry
Tinoc, Ifugao
Elementary-------------- Tinoc Elementary School
Tinoc, Ifugao

ELIGIBILITIES
Criminology Board Examination

2001

NAPOLCOM Examination

2002

WORK EXPERIENCE
January 21, 2004 Present

Jail Non-Commissioned
Officer
Bureau of Jail
Management and
Penology
Baguio City Jail
Female Dormitory

SEMINARS TRAININGS ATTENDED

Gender and Development Seminar (March 20, 2014)
Seminar on Basic Life Support, Fire Safety and Earthquake
Preparedness (March 18, 2014)
Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) Refresher
Course (February 18, 2014)
Seminar on Staff Functions and Completed Workshop
(September 20, 2013)

103

Seminar on Updates on Paralegal Service and Other Related

Laws (September 11, 2013)
Gun Safety Seminar (June 10, 2013)
Administrative Machinery, Legal Issuances, Special Laws
and Other Related Laws (October 21, 2012)
BJMP Refresher Course Syllabus Seminar Workshop (July 1316, 2012)
Refresher Course for Non-Officer Ranks (November 14-18,
2011)
Seminar on Parenting (September 2, 2011)
Seminar on Investigation Basics, Prosecution Procedures
and Other Paralegal Perspectives (November 30, 2010)
Five Days Trainers Training for BJMP Therapeutic
Community Modality Program (TCMP) (September 15-19, 2009)
Therapeutic Community Modality Training (September 13-24,
2004)
Public Safety Basic Recruit Course CL 99-04(May 25September 17, 2004)

104