10-6 The Binomial Theorem

Expand each binomial.

1.(c + d)

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 5 in the Binomial Theorem.

2.(g + h)

SOLUTION:
Replace nwith7intheBinomialTheorem.

3.(x 4)

SOLUTION:
Replace nwith6intheBinomialTheorem.

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10-6 The Binomial Theorem

3.(x 4)

SOLUTION:
Replace nwith6intheBinomialTheorem.

4.(2y z)

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 5 in the Binomial Theorem.

5.(x + 3)

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 5 in the Binomial Theorem.

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10-6 The Binomial Theorem

5.(x + 3)

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 5 in the Binomial Theorem.

6.(y 4z)

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 4 in the Binomial Theorem.

7.GENETICS If a woman is equally as likely to have a baby boy or a baby girl, use binomial expansion to determine
the probability that 5 of her 6 children are girls. Do not consider identical twins.

SOLUTION:
6

Find the probability by expanding (g + b) .

By adding the coefficients of the polynomial, we determine that there are 64 combinations of girls and boys.

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6g b represents the number of combinations with 5 girls and 1 boy.

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10-6 The Binomial Theorem

7.GENETICS If a woman is equally as likely to have a baby boy or a baby girl, use binomial expansion to determine
the probability that 5 of her 6 children are girls. Do not consider identical twins.

SOLUTION:
6

Find the probability by expanding (g + b) .

By adding the coefficients of the polynomial, we determine that there are 64 combinations of girls and boys.

6g b represents the number of combinations with 5 girls and 1 boy.

Therefore, the probability that 5 of her 6 children are girls is 0.09375.

Find the indicated term of each expression.

8.fourth term of (b + c)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the fourth term k = 3.

9.fifth term of (x + 3y)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

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For the fifth term k = 4.

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10-6 The Binomial Theorem

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the fifth term k = 4.

10.third term of (a 4b)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the third term k = 2.

11.sixth term of (2c 3d)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the sixth term k = 5.

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10-6 The Binomial Theorem

11.sixth term of (2c 3d)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the sixth term k = 5.

12.last term of (5x + y)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the last term k = 5.

13.first term of (3a + 8b)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the first term k = 0.

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14.CCSSMODELINGThe color of a particular flower is determined by the combination of two genes, also called

10-6 The Binomial Theorem

13.first term of (3a + 8b)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the first term k = 0.

14.CCSSMODELINGThe color of a particular flower is determined by the combination of two genes, also called
alleles. If the flower has two red alleles r, the flower is red. If the flower has two white alleles w, the flower is
white. If the flower has one allele of each color, the flower will be pink. In a lab, two pink flowers are mated and
eventually produce 1000 offspring. How many of the 1000 offspring will be pink?

SOLUTION:
Here n = 1000.

Find the term for which the powers or r and w are equal.

Therefore, there will be 500 pink flowers in 1000 offspring.

Expand each binomial.

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15.(a b)

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there will
be 500 pink flowers in 1000 offspring.
10-6Therefore,
The Binomial
Theorem

Expand each binomial.

15.(a b)

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 6 in the Binomial Theorem.

16.(c d)

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 7 in the Binomial Theorem.

17.(x + 6)

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 6 in the Binomial Theorem.

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10-6 The Binomial Theorem

17.(x + 6)

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 6 in the Binomial Theorem.

18.(y 5)

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 7 in the Binomial Theorem.

19.(2a + 4b)

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 4 in the Binomial Theorem.

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10-6 The Binomial Theorem

19.(2a + 4b)

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 4 in the Binomial Theorem.

20.(3a 4b)

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 5 in the Binomial Theorem.

21.COMMITTEES If an equal number of men and women applied to be on a community planning committee and the
committee needs a total of 10 people, find the probability that 7 of the members will be women. Assume that
committee members will be chosen randomly.

SOLUTION:
10

Find the probability by expanding (m + w) .

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Page 10

By adding the coefficients of the polynomial, we determine that there are 1024 combinations of men and women.
3 7
120m w represents the number of combinations with 7 women and 3 men.

10-6The Binomial Theorem

21.COMMITTEES If an equal number of men and women applied to be on a community planning committee and the
committee needs a total of 10 people, find the probability that 7 of the members will be women. Assume that
committee members will be chosen randomly.

SOLUTION:
10

Find the probability by expanding (m + w) .

By adding the coefficients of the polynomial, we determine that there are 1024 combinations of men and women.
3 7
120m w represents the number of combinations with 7 women and 3 men.

Therefore, the probability that 7 of the members are women is

22.BASEBALL If a pitcher is just as likely to throw a ball as a strike, find the probability that 11 of his first 12 pitches
are balls.

SOLUTION:
12

Find the probability by expanding (b + p ) .

By adding the coefficients of the polynomial, we determine that there are 4096 combinations of balls and pitches.
11
12b p represents the number of combinations with 11 balls.

Therefore, the probability that 11 of his first 12 pitches are balls is

Find the indicated term of each expression.

23.third term of (x + 2z)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

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For the third term k = 2.

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12b p represents the number of combinations with 11 balls.

Therefore, the probability that 11 of his first 12 pitches are balls is

Find the indicated term of each expression.

23.third term of (x + 2z)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the third term k = 2.

24.fourth term of (y 3x)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the fourth term k = 3.

25.seventh term of (2a 2b)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the seventh term k = 6.

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10-6 The Binomial Theorem

25.seventh term of (2a 2b)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the seventh term k = 6.

26.sixth term of (4x + 5y)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the sixth term k = 5.

27.fifth term of (x 4)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the fifth term k = 4.

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28.fourth term of (c + 6)

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10-6 The Binomial Theorem

27.fifth term of (x 4)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the fifth term k = 4.

28.fourth term of (c + 6)

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the fourth term k = 3.

Expand each binomial.

29.

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 5 in the Binomial Theorem.

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10-6 The Binomial Theorem

Expand each binomial.

29.

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 5 in the Binomial Theorem.

30.

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 4 in the Binomial Theorem.

31.

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SOLUTION:
Replace n with 5 in the Binomial Theorem.

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10-6 The Binomial Theorem

31.

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 5 in the Binomial Theorem.

32.

SOLUTION:
Replace n with 5 in the Binomial Theorem.

33.CCSS SENSE-MAKINGIn

, let p represent the likelihood of a success and q represent the

likelihood of a failure.

a. If a place-kicker makes 70% of his kicks within 40 yards, find the likelihood that he makes 9 of his next 10
attempts from within 40 yards.

b. If a quarterback completes 60% of his passes, find the likelihood that he completes 8 of his next 10 attempts.
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c. If a team converts 30% of their two-point conversions, find the likelihood that they convert 2 of their next 5
conversions.

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10-6 The Binomial Theorem

33.CCSS SENSE-MAKINGIn

, let p represent the likelihood of a success and q represent the

likelihood of a failure.

a. If a place-kicker makes 70% of his kicks within 40 yards, find the likelihood that he makes 9 of his next 10
attempts from within 40 yards.

b. If a quarterback completes 60% of his passes, find the likelihood that he completes 8 of his next 10 attempts.

c. If a team converts 30% of their two-point conversions, find the likelihood that they convert 2 of their next 5
conversions.

SOLUTION:
a. Substitute n = 10, k = 9, p = 0.7 and q = 0.3 in

b. Substitute n = 10, k = 8, p = 0.6 and q = 0.4 in

c. Substitute n = 5, k = 2, p = 0.3 and q = 0.7 in

34.CHALLENGE Find the sixth term of the expansion of

. Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:
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Use Manual
the Binomial
Theorem
to

write the expansion in sigma notation.

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10-6 The Binomial Theorem

34.CHALLENGE Find the sixth term of the expansion of

. Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write the expansion in sigma notation.

For the sixth term k = 5.

35.REASONING Explain how the terms of (x + y) and (x y) are the same and how they are different.

SOLUTION:
n

Sample answer: While they have the same terms, the signs for (x + y) will all be positive, while the signs for (x y)
n

will alternate.

36.REASONING Determine whether the following statement is true or false. Explain your reasoning.

The eighth and twelfth terms of (x + y)

20

have the same coefficients.

SOLUTION:
th

Sample answer: False; a binomial to the 20 power will have 21 terms. The eleventh term will be in the middle and
the rest of the terms will be symmetric. The tenth term corresponds with the twelfth term.

37.OPEN ENDED Write a power of a binomial for which the second term of the expansion is 6x y.

SOLUTION:
Sample answer:

38.WRITING IN MATH Explain how to write out the terms of Pascals triangle.

SOLUTION:
Sample answer: The first row is a 1. The second row is two 1s. Each new row begins and ends with 1. Each
coefficient is the sum of the two coefficients above it in the previous row.
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39.PROBABILITY A desk drawer contains 7 sharpened red pencils, 5 sharpened yellow pencils, 3 unsharpened red

SOLUTION:
Sample answer:
10-6 The Binomial Theorem

38.WRITING IN MATH Explain how to write out the terms of Pascals triangle.

SOLUTION:
Sample answer: The first row is a 1. The second row is two 1s. Each new row begins and ends with 1. Each
coefficient is the sum of the two coefficients above it in the previous row.

39.PROBABILITY A desk drawer contains 7 sharpened red pencils, 5 sharpened yellow pencils, 3 unsharpened red
pencils, and 5 unsharpened yellow pencils. If a pencil is taken from the drawer at random, what is the probability that
it is yellow, given that it is one of the sharpened pencils?

SOLUTION:
Favorable outcomes: {5 sharpened yellow pencils}
Possible outcomes: {7 sharpened red pencils, 5 sharpened yellow pencils}
Probability

A is the correct option.

40.GRIDDED RESPONSE Two people are 17.5 miles apart. They begin to walk toward each other along a straight
line at the same time. One walks at the rate of 4 miles per hour, and the other walks at the rate of 3 miles per hour.
In how many hours will they meet?

SOLUTION:
Let the distance traveled by one person be x.
So, the distance traveled by the other person be 17.5 x.

The equation that represents this situation is

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Find the time taken by substituting 10 for distance and 4 for speed.

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Probability

is the
correct option.
10-6AThe
Binomial
Theorem

40.GRIDDED RESPONSE Two people are 17.5 miles apart. They begin to walk toward each other along a straight
line at the same time. One walks at the rate of 4 miles per hour, and the other walks at the rate of 3 miles per hour.
In how many hours will they meet?

SOLUTION:
Let the distance traveled by one person be x.
So, the distance traveled by the other person be 17.5 x.

The equation that represents this situation is

Find the time taken by substituting 10 for distance and 4 for speed.

So, the two people will meet after 2.5 hrs.

41.GEOMETRY Christie has a cylindrical block that she needs to paint for an art project.

Whatisthesurfaceareaofthecylinderinsquareinchesroundedtothenearestsquareinch?

F 1960

G 2413

H 5127

J 6634

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SOLUTION:
The radius of the cylinder is 12 in.

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two people
will meet after 2.5 hrs.
10-6So,
ThetheBinomial
Theorem

41.GEOMETRY Christie has a cylindrical block that she needs to paint for an art project.

Whatisthesurfaceareaofthecylinderinsquareinchesroundedtothenearestsquareinch?

F 1960

G 2413

H 5127

J 6634

SOLUTION:
The radius of the cylinder is 12 in.

Substitute 20 for h and 12 for r in the formula to find the volume V of the cylinder.

G is the correct option.

42.Which of the following is a linear function?

SOLUTION:
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The graph of the function

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isastraightline.


is the
correct option.
10-6GThe
Binomial
Theorem

42.Which of the following is a linear function?

SOLUTION:
The graph of the function

isastraightline.

So,

isalinearfunction.

C is the correct option.

Find the first five terms of each sequence.

43.a 1 = 2, a n + 1 = a n + 5

SOLUTION:

The first five terms of the sequence are 2, 3, 8, 13 and 18.

44.a 1 = 3, a n + 1 = 4a n 10

SOLUTION:

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The first five terms of the sequence are 2, 3, 8, 13 and 18.
10-6 The Binomial Theorem
44.a 1 = 3, a n + 1 = 4a n 10

SOLUTION:

The first five terms of the sequence are 3, 2, 2, 18 and 82.

45.a 1 = 4, a n + 1 = 3a n 6

SOLUTION:

The first five terms of the sequence are 4, 6, 12, 30 and 84.

Find the sum of each infinite geometric series, if it exists.

46.

SOLUTION:
Find the value of r to determine if the sum exists.

Since

, the sum exists.

Use the formula to find the sum.

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five terms
of the sequence are 4, 6, 12, 30 and 84.
10-6The
Thefirst
Binomial
Theorem

Find the sum of each infinite geometric series, if it exists.

46.

SOLUTION:
Find the value of r to determine if the sum exists.

Since

, the sum exists.

Use the formula to find the sum.

47.

SOLUTION:
Find the value of r to determine if the sum exists.

Since

, the sum exists.

Use the formula to find the sum.

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10-6 The Binomial Theorem

47.

SOLUTION:
Find the value of r to determine if the sum exists.

Since

, the sum exists.

Use the formula to find the sum.

48.

SOLUTION:
Find the value of r to determine if the sum exists.

Since

, the series diverges and the sum does not exist.

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10-6 The Binomial Theorem

48.

SOLUTION:
Find the value of r to determine if the sum exists.

Since

, the series diverges and the sum does not exist.

49.TRAVEL A trip between two towns takes 4 hours under ideal conditions. The first 150 miles of the trip is on an
interstate, and the last 130 miles is on a highway with a speed limit that is 10 miles per hour less than on the
interstate.

a. If x represents the speed limit on the interstate, write expressions for the time spent at that speed and for the time
spent on the other highway.

b. Write and solve an equation to find the speed limits on the two highways.

SOLUTION:
a.

Distance traveled on the interstate is 150 miles.

Distance traveled on highways is 130 miles.

b.
Total time taken for the trip is 4 hrs.
.
Solve for x.

So, the speed on the interstate is 75 mph.

Thus, the speed on the highway is 75 10 = 65 mph.

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State whether each statement is true or false when n = 1. Explain.

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Since
, the series diverges and the sum does not exist.
10-6 The Binomial Theorem

49.TRAVEL A trip between two towns takes 4 hours under ideal conditions. The first 150 miles of the trip is on an
interstate, and the last 130 miles is on a highway with a speed limit that is 10 miles per hour less than on the
interstate.

a. If x represents the speed limit on the interstate, write expressions for the time spent at that speed and for the time
spent on the other highway.

b. Write and solve an equation to find the speed limits on the two highways.

SOLUTION:
a.

Distance traveled on the interstate is 150 miles.

Distance traveled on highways is 130 miles.

b.
Total time taken for the trip is 4 hrs.
.
Solve for x.

So, the speed on the interstate is 75 mph.

Thus, the speed on the highway is 75 10 = 65 mph.

State whether each statement is true or false when n = 1. Explain.

50.

SOLUTION:
Substitute n = 1 in the equation and simplify.

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So, the speed on the interstate is 75 mph.

the speed on
the highway is 75 10 = 65 mph.
10-6Thus,
The Binomial
Theorem

State whether each statement is true or false when n = 1. Explain.

50.

SOLUTION:
Substitute n = 1 in the equation and simplify.

So, given statement is true for n = 1.

51.3n + 5 is even.

SOLUTION:
Substitute n = 1 in the expression and simplify.

Since 8 is an even number, given statement is true for n = 1.

52.n 1 is odd.

SOLUTION:
Substitute n = 1 in the expression and simplify.

Since 0 is not an odd number, given statement is false for n = 1.

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