Badminto

n
(History, Terminologies, Equipment and Facilities, Scoring System,
Rules and Regulations)

Submitted by:
Lorena R. Andrade

Submitted to:
Prof. Emmanuel Dayawon

BADMINTON
I. History
In the 5th century BC, the people in china then played a game called ti jian zi. A
direct translation from this word 'ti jian zi' is kicking the shuttle. As the name
suggest, the objective of the game is to keep the shuttle from hitting the ground
without using hand. Whether this sport has anything to do with the History of
Badminton is up for debate. It was however the first game that uses a shuttle.
About five centuries later, a game named Battledore and Shuttlecock was played in
china, Japan, India and Greece. This is a game where you use the Battledore (a
paddle) to hit the Shuttlecock back and forth. By the 16th century, it has become a
popular game among children in England. In Europe this game was known as jeu de
volant to them. In the 1860s, a game named Poona was played in India. This game
is much like the Battledore and Shuttlecock but with an added net. The British army
learned this game in India and took the equipments back to England during the
1870s.
In 1873, the Duke of Beaufort held a lawn party in his country place, Badminton. A
game of Poona was played on that day and became popular among the British
society's elite. The new party sport became known as "the Badminton game". In
1877, the Bath Badminton Club was formed and developed the first official set of
rules.
The game was played both indoors and outdoors on a court with an hourglass
shape. It has been suggested that this unusual shape developed so the game could
be played in Victorian salons, large rooms with doors that opened inward on both
sides. In 1901, the official badminton court became rectangular.
Badminton clubs were started throughout England. By 1893, badminton had grown
to the point where 14 clubs joined to form the Badminton Association. (Later, when
more countries started their own federations, the name was changed to the
Badminton Association of England.) This group was instrumental in standardizing
the laws of the sport and in starting the earliest and most prestigious badminton
tournament, the All-England Badminton Championships.
As badminton spread to more countries, the need for an international governing
board became apparent. The International Badminton Federation was created in
1934 and today has its headquarters in Kent, England. These nine countries were
the original members of the IBF: Canada, Denmark, England, France, Ireland, The
Netherlands, New Zealand, Scotland, and Wales.
As the best players moved from the lawns and salons to competitive courts, they
naturally wanted to compete against other top athletes. The All-England
Championships gave them this opportunity. By 1938, players from other countries

began to compete in this tournament. An American woman, Judy Hashman, won 17

all All-England titlesthe most of any player in history.
More tournaments and competitions became available as the sport continued to
attract more competitive players. In 1939, Sir George Thomas donated the Thomas
Cup, a trophy to be awarded at the International Badminton Championship for the
top mens singles players. (Badminton can be played by men or women in singles
and doubles competition, and by teams of mixed doubles.) Thomas was a British
lawn tennis champion who switched to badminton and won 90 tournament titles
over 24 years. Thomas was also the first president of the IBF.
In 1949, the Thomas Cup became a mens world team championship competition
much like the Davis Cup in tennis. In 1956, the Uber Cup competition was created
for women. Betty Uber of England, one of badmintons top doubles players, donated
the trophy. Initially, the Davis and Uber Cup Competitions were played every three
years. Since 1982, international team championships have been every two years
in even-numbered years. In odd-numbered years, individuals compete for
international honors.
Today, the worlds very best badminton players compete professionally for prize
money. Television contracts and sponsorships have dramatically increased the
winnings available on the pro badminton circuit.
Though England birthed the sport of badminton, it has been Asia that adopted it as
its own. China and Indonesia are the two dominant nations in international
badminton competition. Matches in these nations draw crowds of more than 15,000.
These two countries together have won an astonishing 70 percent of all IBF events.
Asian countries have claimed all 23 Thomas Cups that have been awarded. In Uber
Cup competition, Asian nations have won the last 15 titles.
The Olympics have been another showcase for Asian badminton prowess.
Badminton was played as a demonstration sport at both the 1972 and 1988
Olympic games. In 1992, medal competition began in mens and womens singles
and doubles. Mixed doubles was added in 1996. Of the 61 medals awarded in
Olympic badminton, Asian countries have won all but seven. The chart below clearly
shows their dominance.
Outside of Asia, the Scandinavian countries have the strongest badminton
programs. Six times, Denmark has finished second in Thomas cup competition.
Interest in badminton, primarily in these two parts of the world, make it the worlds
second most popular sport behind soccer.

II. Terminologies
Alley - side-extension of the court by l feet on both sides that is used for doubles
play.
Back Alley - Area between the back boundary line and the long service line for
doubles.
Backcourt - the back third of the court, in the area of the back boundary lines.
Baseline - Back boundary line at each end of the court, that runs parallel to the net.
Bird or birdie - another name for the shuttlecock
Carry - An illegal tactic, also called a sling or throw, in which the shuttle is caught
and held on the racquet and then slung during the execution of a stroke.
Center Line - Line perpendicular to the net that separates the left and right service
courts.
Clear - A shot hit deep to the opponents back court.
Court - Area of play, as defined by the outer boundary lines.
Drive - A fast and low shot that makes a horizontal flight over the net.
Drop - A shot hit sohly and with finesse to fall rapidly and close to the net on the
opponents side.
Fault - A violation of the playing rules, either in serving, receiving, or during play
(see common faults listed below).
Flick - A quick wrist and forearm rotation that surprises an opponent by changing an
apparently soft shot into a faster passing one; used primarily on the serve and at
the net.
Forecourt - Front third of the court, between the net and the short service line.
Hairpin Net Shot - Shot made from below and very close to the net with the shuttle
rising, just clearing the net, and then dropping sharply down the other side. The
shuttles flight approximates the shape of a hairpin.
Halfcourt Shot - A shot hit low and to midcourt, used effectively in doubles against
the up-and-back formation.
Kill - Fast, downward shot that cannot be returned; a "putaway."
Let - A legitimate cessation of play to allow a rally to be replayed.

Long Service Line - In singles, the back boundary line. In doubles a line 2 l/2 feet
inside the back boundary line. The serve may not go past this line.
Match - A series of games (at U.S. Olympic Festival-93 it is three out of five), to
determine a winner. Midcourt - The middle third of the court, halfway between the
net and the back boundary line.
Net Shot - Shot hit from the forecourt that just clears the net and drops sharply.
Push Shot - Gentle shot played by pushing the shuttle with little wrist motion,
usually from net or midcourt to the opponents midcourt.
Racquet - Instrument used by playerto hit shuttlecock Weight:About3 ounces.
Length: 27 inches. Made of: Ceramic, graphite, or boron frame; beef-gut string.
Cost: $60-$175 (unstrung).
Rally this occurs when the players hit the bird back and forth several times before
one side scores a point
Serve or Service players put the shuttlecock into play for points by serving it to
opponents, hitting it over the net into a special part of the court near their opponent
Service Court - Area into which the serve must be delivered. Different for singles
and doubles play.
Short Service Line - The line 6 l/2 feet from the net which a serve must reach to be
legal.
Shuttlecock - thje name for the object that players hit, made of a ball of cork or
rubber with a crown of feathers in an open conical shape.
Smash when a shuttle is floated high into the air, a player has time to unleash a
powerful overhand shot straight to the floor of the opposing court
Wood Shot - Shot that results when the base of the shuttle is hit by the frame of the
racquet. Once illegal, this shot was ruled acceptable by the International Badminton
Federation in 1963.

III. Equipment and Facilities

Badminton Racket
Modern Badminton Rackets are light in weight
and usually below 100 grams. The frame of the
Racket can be made of steel, aluminum, carbon
fiber, ceramic, boron or a combination of some
of these. It shall not exceed 680mm in overall
length and 230 mm in overall width.
The weight should not exceed more than 100
grams. (Heavier rackets are mostly preferred by
players who have much stronger wrists and can
therefore make use of the weight of the racket
to extract more power from it.)
A majority of racket manufacturers use 1U, 2U,
3U, 4U to indicate the weight of the racket, 1U
being the heaviest and 4U the lightest. The
weight of high quality rackets range from 83
grams to 100 grams.
Shuttlecock

A Shuttlecock shall have 16 feathers fixed in a cork base covered in kid leather.
Interestingly, the best Badminton Shuttlecocks are made from feathers from the left
wing of a goose. The feathers shall be measured from the tip to the top of the base
and each shuttle shall be of the same length. This length can be between 64mm
and 70mm. The shuttle shall weigh between 4.74 to 5.50 grams.
Net

A mesh net divides the badminton court into two sides. A badminton net is placed
lower than a volleyball net at five feet and one inch high on the sides and five feet
high in the center. The length may vary depending on whether doubles or singles
are playing, with singles reaching 17 feet and doubles reaching 22 feet. The net is
30 inches wide with a 3-inch white tape doubled over the top.
Badminton Court Dimensions
The overall dimensions is 20 feet by
44 feet, marking the sidelines for
doubles play and long service lines for
singles play.
The net line marks the middle of the
court where the net is placed, creating
a 22 feet by 20 feet area on each side
of the net.

Badminton Net
The top of the badminton net is hung 5 feet above in the center net line.
Short Service Line
The short service line is marked 6 feet 6 inches from the center line. The area inside
the short service line is also called the Non Volley Zone.
Center Line
The center line is the line that divides the court from the Short Service Line to the
back boundary line. This delineates the Left from right service court.

Side Line (Singles/Doubles)

The singles side line is marked 1 1/2 feet from the edge of the outer boundary
(doubles side line).
Back Boundary Line and Long Service Line
The back boundary line is the same for singles and doubles play; it is the outermost
back line on the court. The long service line for doubles is marked 2 1/2 feet inside
the back boundary line.

IV. Scoring System/Rules and Regulations

The Laws of Badminton and Competition Regulations in the BWF Statutes provide
the detail on every aspect of the game of badminton. Below is a brief overview simplified rules.
Scoring System

A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points.

Every time there is a serve there is a point scored.
The side winning a rally adds a point to its score.
At 20 all, the side which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game.
At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game.
The side winning a game serves first in the next game.

Interval and Change of Ends

When the leading score reaches 11 points, players have a 60 second interval.
A 2 minute interval between each game is allowed.
In the third game, players change ends when the leading score reaches 11
points.

Singles

At the beginning of the game

(0-0) and when the servers
score is even, the server
serves from the right service
court. When the servers
score is odd, the server serves
from the left service court.
If the server wins a rally, the
server scores a point and then
serves again from the
alternate service court.
If the receiver wins a rally, the
receiver scores a point and
becomes the new server. They
serve from the appropriate
service court left if their
score is odd, and right if it is
even.

Doubles

A side has only one service.

The service passes consecutively to the
players as shown in the diagram.
At the beginning of the game and when
the score is even, the server serves from
the right service court. When it is odd,
the server serves from the left court.
If the serving side wins a rally, the
serving side scores a point and the same
server serves again from the alternate
service court.
If the receiving side wins a rally, the
receiving side scores a point. The
receiving side becomes the new serving
side.
The players do not change their
respective service courts until they win a
point when their side is serving.

If players commit an error in the service court, the error is corrected when the
mistake is discovered. In a doubles match between A & B against C & D. A & B won
the toss and decided to serve. A to serve to C. A shall be the initial server while C
shall be the initial receiver.

Game Play
During play, a fault occurs if:

A player touches the net or poles with the racket, person, or dress.
A player invades the opponents side by making contact with the shuttlecock
past the plane of the net.
A player invades an opponents court under the net in such a way that an
opponent is obstructed or distracted.

During play, a let occurs if:

The server serves before the receiver is ready.

The shuttlecocks base separates from the skirt.

A rally ends if the shuttlecock:

Hits the net or post and begins to fall toward the strikers side of the net.
Hits the surface of the court; or
A fault or a let has occurred.