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Drawdown Test

Drawdown Test

Uploaded by

David Ahoua
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365 views

Drawdown Test

Drawdown Test

Uploaded by

David Ahoua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Drawdown test

Drawdown test:
series of bottomhole flowing pressure (pwf) measurements made during a period of flow at
constant production rate
procedure
=> first, the well is shut-in for a sufficient period of time
=> this allows the pressure to stabilize throughout the formation (static pressure)
=> finally, the well is opened to flow, assuming a constant flow rate
objectives
=> obtaining the average permeability k of the reservoir rock within the drainage area of
the well
=> obtaining the pore volume of the drainage area of the well
=> assessing the skin factor s (damage/stimulation) in the near-wellbore region

Injection test:
identical to the drawdown test, except fluid injection into the well
(Pressure) drawdown:
difference between the average reservoir pressure p and the bottomhole flowing pressure pwf
differential pressure that drives fluids from the reservoir into the wellbore
the drawdown and therefore the production rate of a producing interval is typically
controlled by surface chokes

Wellbore storage effect:


when the well is opened to flow, the pressure in the wellbore drops
the fluid expands due to decompression
the initial surface flow rate is not from the formation, but from the expansion of the fluid
stored in the wellbore
as the production time increases, the wellbore contribution decreases while the formation
rate increases (the reverse is true in case of pressure build-up tests)
qsurface = qformation + qwellbore

Outer boundary effect:


transition between late transient flow and semi-steady state flow

Dietz shape factor CA:


depends on
=> drainage area of the well
=> position of the well
Conditions limiting the validity of single rate drawdown tests:
valid
=> homogeneous reservoir
=> slightly compressible fluid
=> single-phase flow
not valid
=> heterogeneous reservoir (layering, faulting, fracturing)
=> presence of free gas (saturated oil reservoir, gas cap)
Flow period equations:

Identification of flow periods:


semi-log analysis plot / Miller-Dyes-Hutchinson (MDH) plot

=> the straight line through the semi-log data points is determined by the following equation
where m is the slope of the straight line

and a represents the y-axis intercept

log-log diagnostic plot

=> on the log-log diagnostic plot the different flow periods can clearly be distinguished
=> during the time when wellbore storage effects dominate, a log-log diagnostic plot will
show a straight line of unit slope
=> as soon as the pressure points fall below the unit straight line, the period of wellbore
storage domination ends
=> from then on, standard semi-log analysis methods can be applied
=> the log-log diagnostic plot contains not only the pressure values, but also the pressure
derivative which is the slope of the straight line m (semi-log analysis plot)

Drawdown test interpretation:


transient period

=> the data is plotted in the semi-log analysis plot


=> the points at small time are fitted with a straight line according to the transient flow
equation
=> the slope of the straight line m1

and the y-axis intercept m2

are read off from the trend line


pwf = m1log(t) + m2
=> now the hydraulic transmissibility T or rather the permeability k

as well as the skin factor s can be determined

semi-steady state period

=> the data is re-plotted in the rectangular plot according to the semi-steady state flow
equation
=> the points at small time are fitted with a straight line according to the transient flow
equation
=> the slope of the straight line m3

and the y-axis intercept m4


are read off from the trend line
pwf = m3log(t) + m4
=> now the drainage area A or rather the connected pore volume Vp

as well as the Dietz shape factor CA can be determined

=> the time ttr at which the stabilized flow is established (trend line) and the standard
dimensionless time limit tDA,lim for a given flow geometry (table of Dietz shape factors)

are necessary to determine the net pay thickness h

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