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Structure Borne NVH Basics

Structure borne nvh. This presentation nicely sets out the basics for noise and vibration harshness. The authors are Duncan Goetchius Gogate

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atpeplow
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371 views

Structure Borne NVH Basics

Structure borne nvh. This presentation nicely sets out the basics for noise and vibration harshness. The authors are Duncan Goetchius Gogate

Uploaded by

atpeplow
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structure Borne NVH Basics

SAE 2007 NVH Conference; St. Charles, Illinois


Wednesday Evening, May 16, 2007

Presenters:
A. E. Duncan

Material Sciences Corp.

G. Goetchius

Material Sciences Corp.

S. Gogate

DaimlerChrysler Corp.

Sponsored By:
SAE Noise and Vibration Committee
NVH Workshop

NVH Workshop Topic Outline


Introduction
Fundamentals in NVH
Automotive NVH Load Conditions
Low Frequency Basics
Live Noise Attenuation Demo
Mid Frequency Basics
Utilization of Simulation Models
Closing Remarks
NVH Workshop

The
The Fundamental
Fundamental Secret
Secret of
of
Structure
Structure Borne
Borne
NVH
NVH Performance
Performance

Revealed here today !


NVH Workshop

Structure Borne NVH References


Primary References (Workshop Basis: 4 Papers)
1. A. E. Duncan, et. al., Understanding NVH Basics, IBEC, 1996
2. A. E. Duncan, et. al., MSC/NVH_Manager Helps Chrysler Make
Quieter Vibration-free Vehicles, Chrysler PR Article, March 1998.
3. B. Dong, et. al., Process to Achieve NVH Goals: Subsystem
Targets via Digital Prototype Simulations, SAE 1999-01-1692,
NVH Conference Proceedings, May 1999.
4. S. D. Gogate, et. al., Digital Prototype Simulations to Achieve
Vehicle Level NVH Targets in the Presence of Uncertainties,
SAE 2001-01-1529, NVH Conference Proceedings, May 2001

Structure Borne NVH Workshop - on Internet


Available online at www.AutoAnalytics.com

NVH Workshop

Structure Borne NVH References


Supplemental References
5. T.D. Gillespie, Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, SAE 1992
(Also see SAE Video Lectures Series, same topic and author)
6. D. E. Cole, Elementary Vehicle Dynamics, Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Sept.
1972
7. J. Y. Wong, Theory of Ground Vehicles, John Wiley & Sons, New
York, 1978
8. Kompella, M. S., and Bernhard, J., Measurement of the
Statistical Variation of Structural-Acoustic Characteristics of
Automotive Vehicles, SAE No. 931272, 1993
9. Freymann, R., and Stryczek, R., A New Optimization Approach
in the Field of Structural-Acoustics, SAE No. 2000-01-0729,
2000

NVH Workshop

NVH Workshop Topic Outline


Introduction
Fundamentals in NVH
Automotive NVH Load Conditions
Low Frequency Basics

NVH Workshop

Competing Vehicle Design Disciplines

Ride
and
Handling

NVH

Impact
CrashWorthiness

Durability

NVH Workshop

NVH Workshop Topic Outline


Introduction
Fundamentals in NVH
NVH Load Conditions
Low Frequency Basics

NVH Workshop

Fundamentals in NVH
What is N, V and H?
Time and Frequency Relation
Subjective to Objective Conversions
Single Degree of Vibration and Vibration
Isolation Principle
Automotive NVH Frequency Range

NVH Workshop

What is N, V and H?
(in Automotive Context)
Based on SAEJ670e Standard (Vehicle Dynamics Committee July 1952)

Noise : Vibration perceived audibly and characterized as


sensations of pressure by the ear

Vibration : Perceived tactually (at vehicle occupant


interface points of steering column, seats, etc.

Harshness : Related to transient nature of vibration and


noise associated with abrupt transition in vehicle motion. It
could be perceived both tactually and audibly

Together, they define the measure of vehicle


NVH Quality
NVH Workshop

Acoustic
Acoustic
Tactile
Tactile
Tactile
Tactile

Operating
loads

Operating loads

Tactile or Acoustic Response

Time and Frequency Relation

Time (Sec)

Operating loads

Responses perceived in vehicle vary with time as


vehicle operates under loads
Responses are usually steady state and periodic in
nature
It is convenient and intuitive to consider responses in
frequency domain while preserving the signal content
NVH Workshop

Time and Frequency Relation


Conversion to frequency domain lends to formulation of
principles for addressing structure borne NVH
Frequency (Hz)

Amplitude

40 Hz
(Colum
n
Mode)

15 Hz
(Suspe
nsion
Mode)

Overall Response, X(t)

Ph
as
ed

X(f)

Su
m
m
at
io
n

25 H
(Vehicle z
Flexible
Body M
o d e)

5 Hz
(Vehicle
Rigid
Body M
o d e)

Time (Sec)
Time

NVH Workshop

Time and Frequency Relation


Mathematically Speaking .
X ( f ) = Fourier Transform of X ( t )

NVH Workshop

Time and Frequency Relation


Responses can be obtained in frequency
domain either through Fourier Transform of time
domain signal or directly in frequency domain
Test World

F(t)

X ( t ) Fourier X ( f )
Vehicle System
Transform

Fourier
Transform

F(f)

Vehicle System

X(f)

Common in Simulation World


NVH Workshop

NVH Model of Unibody Passenger Car


Symbolic Outline

8
1

2178.2 Kg
1996.7 Kg
181.5 Kg
181.5 Kg

From Reference 6

Total
Mass Sprung
Unsprung
Powertrain

(4800LBS)
(8.33% of Total)

Tires
350.3 N/mm
KF
43.8
N/mm
KR
63.1
N /mm
Beam mass lumped on
grids like a beam
M2,3,4 =2 * M1,5
NVH Workshop

Excitation Bum p Profile


Profile Height (m m )

20.0

Profile
15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0
0

100

200

300

400 On to 100,380
500

Distance (mm)

NVH Workshop

Pitch at Mid-Car DOF3


1.0E-04

R o ta tio n - R a d ia n s

8.0E-05

Base Model

6.0E-05
4.0E-05
2.0E-05

0.0E+00

-2.0E-05
-4.0E-05
-6.0E-05
-8.0E-05
-1.0E-04
0

Time (sec.)
NVH Workshop

Pitch Response - Baseline Model


1.E-04

R o tat io n R a d ian s

Base Model

1.E-05

1.E-06

1.E-07

1.E-08

0.0

5.0

10.0
Frequency Hz

15.0

20.0

NVH Workshop

Transform Input Force to F(f)


FFT of the Input Bump
1.E-01
Bump FFT

Amplitude mm

1.E-02

1.E-03

1.E-04

20 Hz Amplitude
@ 45 MPH

is Approximately
Constant over the
Frequency Range

1.E-05

1.E-06
0.E+00

4.E-03

1.E-02 Displacement
2.E-02
2.E-02
Constant

8.E-03

Cycles / mm

0.0

20.0 Hz
NVH Workshop

P itc h a t M id -C a r D O F 3

RotationRadians

1 .0 E-0 4

Tim e D o m a in F F T
1 .0 E-0 5

F F T o f In p u t

1 .0 E-0 6

1 .0 E-0 7

1 .0 E-0 8
0

10

F re q u e n c y

Hz

15

20

NVH Workshop

Subjective to Objective Conversions


Subjective NVH Ratings are typically based on a
10 Point Scale resulting from Ride Testing
Receiver Sensitivity is a Key Consideration

A 2 1/2 A 1
Represents 1.0 Rating Change
TACTILE: 50% reduction in motion
SOUND : 6.dB reduction in sound pressure level
( long standing rule of thumb )
NVH Workshop

Single Degree of Freedom Vibration


APPLIED FORCE
F = FO sin 2 f t
TR = FT / F

1 + ( 2 d fn ) 2
f
2
( 1- f 2 ) 2 + ( 2 d f ) 2
fn

Transmitted
Force

FT

d = fraction of critical damping


fn = natural frequency (k/m)
f = operating frequency
NVH Workshop

Vibration Isolation Principle


4

Transmissibility Ratio

0.1

APPLIED FORCE

0.15

F = FO sin 2 f t

TR = FT / F

0.25

2
0.375

FT

Transmitted
Force

0.5
1.0
1

Isolation
Isolation Region
Region

0
0

1.414

Frequency Ratio (f / fn)

5
NVH Workshop

Isolation from an Applied Force


Excitation Force Coming
from Engine

F0
Transmissibility
Force Ratio is FT/F0

FT

Example:
A 4 Cyl. Excitation for Firing
Pulse at 700 RPM has a second
order gas pressure torque at
23.3 Hz. Thus, to obtain
isolation, the engine roll mode
must be below 16.6 Hz.

Support Forces
Transmitted to Body

NVH Workshop

Automotive NVH Frequency Range


Structure Borne Noise

Response

Airborne Noise

Global Stiffness

Local Stiffness
+
Damping

Absorption
+
Mass
+
Sealing

Low

Mid

High

~ 150 Hz

~ 1000 Hz

~ 10,000 Hz

Log Frequency
NVH Workshop

NVH Workshop Outline


Introduction
Fundamentals in NVH
NVH Load Conditions
Low Frequency Basics

NVH Workshop

Noise and Vibration Sources

Suspension

Powertrain

Two Main Sources


NVH Workshop

Typical NVH Pathways to the Passenger

PATHS
FOR
STRUCTURE
BORNE
NVH

NVH Workshop

Powertrain
Induced

NVH Workshop

NVH Workshop Topic Outline


Introduction
Fundamentals in NVH
NVH Load Conditions
Low Frequency Basics

NVH Workshop

Low Frequency NVH Fundamentals

RECEIVER

PATH
SOURCE

NVH Workshop

Vibration and Noise Attenuation Methods


Main Attenuation Strategies
Reduce the Input Forces from the Source
Provide Isolation
Mode Management
Nodal Point Mounting
Dynamic Absorbers

NVH Workshop

8 Degree of Freedom Vehicle NVH Model


Engine Mass
Engine
Isolator
1

Flexible Beam for Body


2

Suspension
Springs
6

Wheels

Tires

NVH Workshop

Vibration and Noise Attenuation Methods


Main Attenuation Strategies
Reduce the Input Forces from the Source
Provide Isolation
Mode Management
Nodal Point Mounting
Dynamic Absorbers

NVH Workshop

Reduction of Input Forces from the Source


Road Load Excitation
Use Bigger / Softer Tires
Reduce Tire Force Variation
Drive on Smoother Roads

Powertrain Excitation
Reduce Driveshaft Unbalance Tolerance
Use a Smaller Output Engine
Move Idle Speed to Avoid Excitation Alignment
Modify Reciprocating Imbalance to alter Amplitude or
Plane of Action of the Force.

NVH Workshop

Vibration and Noise Attenuation Methods


Main Attenuation Strategies
Reduce the Input Forces from the Source
Provide Improved Isolation
Mode Management
Nodal Point Mounting
Dynamic Absorbers

NVH Workshop

8 Degree of Freedom Vehicle NVH Model


Force Applied to Powertrain Assembly

Feng
8

Forces at Powertrain could represent a First Order


Rotating Imbalance
NVH Workshop

Engine Isolation Example


Response at M id Car
1.0000

Constant Force Load;

15.9 Hz

F~A

Velocity (mm/sec)

8.5 Hz
0.1000

7.0 Hz

0.0100

0.0010

700 Min. RPM First Order Unbalance


Operation Range of Interest

0.0001

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

Frequency Hz

NVH Workshop

Concepts for Increased Isolation


Double isolation is the typical strategy for
further improving isolation of a given vehicle
design.

Second Level of
Isolation is at Subframe
to Body Mount
Subframe is
Intermediate Structure

Suspension Bushing is first level

NVH Workshop

8 Degree of Freedom Vehicle NVH Model


Removed Double Isolation Effect
8

Wheel
Mass
Removed

NVH Workshop

Double Isolation Example


Vertical Response at DOF3
6.0E+00

Velocity

(mm/sec)

Base Model

5.0E+00

Without Double_ISO

4.0E+00
3.0E+00
1.414*fn

2.0E+00
1.0E+00
0.0E+00
5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

Frequency Hz
NVH Workshop

Vibration and Noise Attenuation Methods


Main Attenuation Strategies
Reduce the Input Forces from the Source
Provide Isolation
Mode Management
Nodal Point Mounting
Dynamic Absorbers

NVH Workshop

Mode Management
Provide Separation between:
Critical modes of Sub-systems in Vehicle (e.g.
Body, Suspension, Powertrain, etc.)
Critical modes of Sub-systems and Excitation

NVH Workshop

Need for Mode Management


Beam Stiffness which represents the body stiffness was
adjusted to align Bending Frequency with Suspension Modes
and then progressively separated back to Baseline.
Baseline Bending
8

18.2 Hz

Baseline Suspension 10.6 Hz

Flexible Beam for Body


1

Suspension
Springs
6

Wheels

Tires
NVH Workshop

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