Development of an Artificial Neural Network Model for

Predicting
Minimum Miscibility Pressure in CO2 Flooding

Mehdi Mohammadpoor, E-mail: [email protected]

MS.c Student of Drilling and Production Engineering
Petroleum University of Technology, Iran, Ahwaz
Abstract
Nowadays, we can see the quick progress of new analytical methods in different
industries, especially petroleum industry. In addition, to solve our complex problems
we need to go beyond standard mathematical techniques.
Instead, we need to complement the conventional analysis methods with a number
emerging methodologies and soft computing techniques such as expert system,
artificial intelligence, neural network, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm, probabilistic
reasoning, and parallel processing techniques. Soft computing differs from
conventional (hard computing) in that, unlike hard computing, it is tolerant of
imprecision, uncertainty, and partial truth. Soft computing is also tractable, robust,
efficient and inexpensive.
This paper presents the development of an artificial neural network (ANN) model
for the prediction of pure CO2 minimum miscibility pressures (MMP) of oils. In this
paper we have used Feed-Forward Back-Propagation (BP) Neural Network.
The pure CO2 MMP of a reservoir fluid (live oil) is correlated with the molecular
weight of C5 + fraction, reservoir temperature, and concentrations of volatile
(methane) and intermediate (C2C4) fractions in the oil. The advantage of using the
ANN model is evaluated by comparing the measured MMP values with the predicted
results from the ANN models as well as those from other statistical methods. The
developed ANN models are able to reflect the impacts on CO2 MMP of molecular
weight of C5 + fraction, reservoir temperature, and solution gas in the oil.
Key words: Minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), Pure CO2 flooding, Artificial
neural network (ANN), Feed-Forward Back-Propagation (BP) Neural Network.

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1. Introduction
Over the last two decades, carbon dioxide injection has become the leading
enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process for light oils (Grigg and Schechter, 1997). The
CO2 injection can prolong, by 15 to 20 years, the production life of light oil fields
nearing depletion under waterflood; the method could recover 15% to 25% of the
original oil in place. It also brings environmental benefits by facilitating storage of
CO2 in the reservoir. In a miscible CO2 flood, multiple-contact miscibility between
the injected CO2 and the reservoir fluid can be achieved at pressures greater than a
minimum value that is referred to as minimum miscibility pressure (MMP). The
MMP is the single most important parameter in designing a miscible flood. It has
been recognized that the MMP for CO2 in a reservoir depends on oil temperature, oil
composition, and CO2 purity. The latter parameter is the only one that operators can
influence. In this paper because of lack of data we have assumed pure CO2 injection,
but by ANN method this parameter can be easily included by introducing an impurity
factor.
The development of statistical models for CO2 MMP prediction has been a subject
that involved extensive research efforts, resulting in many publications (Dunyushkin
and Namiot, 1979; Cronquist, 1978; Yellig and Metcalfe, 1980; Mungan, 1981;
Sebastian et al., 1984; Alston et al., 1985; Kovarik, 1985).
However, the main concern with statistical techniques is the difficulties in satisfying
many rigid assumptions that are essential for justifying their applications, such as
those of sample size, linearity, and continuity.
One alternative approach for system forecasting is the technique of artificial neural
network (ANN) based on the theory of artificial intelligence. The massive
interconnections in the ANN framework produces a large number of degrees of
freedom, or fitting parameters, and thus may allow it to reflect the systems
complexity more effectively than conventional statistical techniques. Recently,
methods of artificial neural networks have been applied to petroleum engineering in a
number of areas such as well-test analysis, well-log interpretation, reservoir
characterization, and more recently, PVT and permeability studies for crude oils
(Waller and Rowsell, 1994; Gharbi and Elsharkawy, 1996, 1999). This study is an
extension of the previous efforts, emphasizing on the development of an ANN model
for predicting CO2 MMP.
2. Model development
In general, the back-propagation method uses the following steps (Fig. 1):
(a) Read a specific input and calculate its corresponding output.
(b) If the error between the produced output and the desired output is acceptable, then
stop.
(c) If the error is unacceptable in step (b), then the weights are adjusted for all of the
interconnections that go into the output layer. Next, an error value is calculated for all
of the units in the hidden layer that is just below the output layer. Then, the weights
are adjusted for all interconnections that go into the hidden layer. The process is
continued until the last layer of weights has been adjusted.

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Figure 1.Basic back-propagation dynamics network.

Typically, an application of back-propagation requires both a training set and a test

set. Both the two sets contain input/output pattern pairs. While the training set is used
to train the network, the test set is used to assess the performance of the network after
the training is complete. To provide the best test of network performance, the test set
should be different from the training set. The most successful ANN architecture is the
one that has the smallest prediction error on a data set for which it was not trained.
For pure CO2 MMP modeling, the reservoir temperature T, molecular weight of C5
+, volatile oil fraction Xvol, and intermediate oil fraction Xint are selected as input
variables. Minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is the output variable. Various neural
network architectures were investigated to obtain desired models for predicting pure
CO2 MMP as a function of selected input variables. Different scenarios on the

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number of hidden layers, the number of neurons in each hidden layer, and the type of
transfer function for each neuron are analyzed. An architecture of one or two hidden
layers is initially used, followed by the selections for the number of neurons and the
types of transfer functions (logic, sigmoid, or hyperbolic tan-target) of obtaining the
best fit to the given data. Here because of lack of real data, we used generated data
which we have gain from a data generation program written by MATLAB using
Aleston etal. correlation. Then we got 302 data. We divided the data into two groups,
one group was training data with 242 data, and the other was testing data with 60 data.
You can refer to Appendix A to see these generated data.
3. Development of BP neural network:

Figure 2.Problem Definition

We should mention that normalized data are used, it is observed that data with same
range will have better result using artificial neural networks.
After testing different functions with different layers, we get the best results by the
following model:

Figure 3.BP solution network

After network simulation we got the following curves:

The following diagrams show neural network MMP actual (that generated one)
MMP.

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p re d ic te d M M p b y N e u ra l
N e tw o rk

results for testing data

4000
3500
3000
results for testin data

2500
2000
1500
1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
actual MMP

result for training data

p red icted M M P b y N eu ral

N etw o rk

4000
3500
3000
result for training data

2500
2000
1500
1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
actual MMP
Figure 4.BP performance diagrams

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4. Conclusion:
In this study, ANN models for predicting CO2 minimum miscibility pressures
(MMP). The interrelations of CO2 MMPs with molecular weight of C5 + fraction,
reservoir temperature, volatile oil fraction, and intermediate oil fraction have been
analyzed, resulting in a trained ANN model. The developed ANN models have been
used then to predict the variations of CO2 MMP with MW of C5 + fraction,
temperature of reservoir and mole fractions on intermediate and volatile components.
The effectiveness of the developed ANN models was also evaluated by comparing its
prediction results with generated MMP levels. The modeling results indicate that
reasonable predictions have been generated.
Especially, under conditions with limited field information, the ANN approach could
produce a higher accuracy than statistical models.
In this study, the ANN approach is for pure CO2, we can also calculate the impure
model with the same method, we just need some more data, this one is a cheap
method as a prediction accuracy, the developed models can help to identify the
desired operating levels of MMP and the suitable levels of impurity removal rates in
enhanced oil recovery processes. This provision of effective decision support would
bring tremendous economic efficiencies for oil industries. In practical applications of
the model, continuous updates of the modeling system are recommended as long as
new field operation data become available. The developed ANN models are userfriendly and can be easily utilized by engineers in petroleum industry.
5. References
1. Acians, J.R. and Brebbia, C.A., 1997. Computer Modeling of Seas and Coastal
Regions. Computational Mechanics, Inc., Billerica, MA.
2. Ahmed, N.R., 1992. Minimum Miscibility Pressures of CO2/Hydrocarbon
Systems; Evaluation of Existing Prediction Methods and Development of a New
Correlation. MSc Thesis, University of Saskatchewan.
3. Aminzadeh, F. ,Jamshidi,M. (Eds.),1995 Soft Computing.PTR Prentice Hall
4. Aminzadeh, F.,Barhen, J., Glover, C.W.and Toomanian,N.B.,1999. Estimation of
reservoir parameters using hybrid neural network. Computers Geosci., 26: 869875
5. Aminzadeh, F.,Barhen, J., Glover, C.W.and Toomanian,N.B.,2000. Reservoir
parameter estimation using hybrid neural network. Computers Geosci., 26: 869875
6. Ali, J.K., 1994. Neural networks: A new tool for the petroleum industry. European
Per Conf, Aberdeen, Mar. 15-18, Paper SPE 27561.

www.petroman.ir

7. Alston, R.B., Kokolis, G.P., James, C.F., 1985. CO2 minimum miscibility
pressures: a correlation for impure CO2 streams and live oil systems. SPE J.,
268274 (April).
8. Cronquist, c., 1973. Dimensionless PVT behavior of gulf coast crude oils. 1. Pet.
Techno!., May, 1-8. Demuth, H. and Beale, M., 1994. Neural Network Toolboxfor
User with MATLAB. Math Works Inc.
9. Dayhoff, J.E., 1990. Neural Network Architectures, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New
York.

10. Dicharry, R.M., Peryman, T.L., Ronquille, J.D., 1973. Evaluation and design of a
CO2 miscible flood project-SACROC unit, KellySnyder field. J. Pet. Technol.,
1309 1318 (Nov.).
11. Jang, J.S.R. and Gulley, N., 1995. Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. The Math Eorks Inc.,
Natick, MA.
12. Matlab neural network toolbox help.
13. Nikravesh, M.,Levey R.A. .Soft Computing: tools for reservoir
characterization(IRESC). To be represented at 199 SEG Annu. Meet.
14. Nikravesh, M., Aminzadeh, F., Zadeh, L.A ,2003., Soft computing and intelligent
data analysis in oil exploration . Elsevier

www.petroman.ir

Appendix A

TRAINING DATA
242 #

Raw Data

Normalized Data
Table 1.Training Data

T
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160

Mw
224.96
211.54
241.71
219.68
183.42
234.51
201.19
201
209.38
206.61
200.08
207.59
197.79
202.78
186.29
240.92
194.21
235.93
220.12
233.53
216.95
250.16
218.89
230.81
218.49
214.44
210.07
244.68
193.74
181.51
231.15
229.65

training data
Xvol
Xint
0.2578
0.13489
0.33705 0.26041
0.13318 0.17767
0.2927
0.25032
0.13307 0.24487
0.36141 0.31785
0.24547 0.25851
0.14866 0.34191
0.12782 0.19855
0.1305
0.33985
0.26377 0.22613
0.34994 0.18916
0.16952 0.14313
0.36329 0.15067
0.11906 0.2591
0.22682 0.30243
0.18474 0.14665
0.16673 0.1131
0.24338 0.22031
0.22956 0.15343
0.25442 0.21707
0.16335 0.31447
0.17268 0.14327
0.36805 0.32636
0.32588 0.11258
0.37464 0.24381
0.18153 0.1675
0.16608 0.16983
0.18313 0.33008
0.2228
0.17631
0.11149 0.1399
0.1258
0.32531

MMP
3198
2718.2
3199.7
2867.4
1874
3208.7
2383.5
2139.7
2427.3
2209.6
2427.1
2759.5
2382.9
2743.8
1883.1
3181.2
2326
3360
2855.5
3306
2805.3
3236
2860.9
3115.6
3212.3
2850.7
2620.8
3390.4
2071.7
2063.2
2979.9
2669.5

T
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125

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Mw
0.281
0.197125
0.385688
0.248
0.021375
0.340688
0.132438
0.13125
0.183625
0.166313
0.1255
0.172438
0.111188
0.142375
0.039313
0.38075
0.088813
0.349563
0.25075
0.334563
0.230938
0.4385
0.243063
0.317563
0.240563
0.21525
0.187938
0.40425
0.085875
0.009437
0.319688
0.310313

Xvol
0.2578
0.33705
0.13318
0.2927
0.13307
0.36141
0.24547
0.14866
0.12782
0.1305
0.26377
0.34994
0.16952
0.36329
0.11906
0.22682
0.18474
0.16673
0.24338
0.22956
0.25442
0.16335
0.17268
0.36805
0.32588
0.37464
0.18153
0.16608
0.18313
0.2228
0.11149
0.1258

Training data
Xint
0.13489
0.26041
0.17767
0.25032
0.24487
0.31785
0.25851
0.34191
0.19855
0.33985
0.22613
0.18916
0.14313
0.15067
0.2591
0.30243
0.14665
0.1131
0.22031
0.15343
0.21707
0.31447
0.14327
0.32636
0.11258
0.24381
0.1675
0.16983
0.33008
0.17631
0.1399
0.32531

MMP
0.868696
0.660087
0.869435
0.724957
0.293043
0.873348
0.514565
0.408565
0.533609
0.438957
0.533522
0.678043
0.514304
0.671217
0.297
0.861391
0.489565
0.93913
0.719783
0.915652
0.697957
0.885217
0.72213
0.83287
0.874913
0.717696
0.617739
0.952348
0.379
0.375304
0.77387
0.638913

160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

222.78
243.09
214.94
231.28
202.42
221
233.65
186.72
206.74
200.18
220.88
203.29
194.85
202.02
190.1
223.45
196.21
198.98
223.78
185.04
214.87
231.71
208.8
184.09
218.5
189.57
220.54
220
181.08
209.9
219.6
207.93
214.06
192.25
219.12
202.36
210.69
194.01
186.18
215.79
203.57
209.83
186.6
182.98
180.45
204.06
230.11
188.67
191.14
181.15
214.86
188.43
195.89
191.19
183.81
197.96
184
225.32
191.83

0.39686
0.23181
0.17992
0.39853
0.33993
0.33155
0.35018
0.31474
0.21461
0.10691
0.26511
0.29365
0.3546
0.19962
0.34351
0.2109
0.38699
0.37195
0.30677
0.21012
0.22267
0.30636
0.35984
0.11486
0.20079
0.17712
0.10631
0.20267
0.24527
0.29714
0.15335
0.12223
0.27772
0.32005
0.12951
0.33027
0.34752
0.25079
0.12305
0.36341
0.16246
0.10947
0.39491
0.1849
0.32204
0.38796
0.31602
0.36737
0.13343
0.15099
0.10831
0.17112
0.39892
0.18656
0.39016
0.34254
0.39648
0.10167
0.26209

0.33293
0.20447
0.14434
0.33457
0.24282
0.33363
0.16185
0.14998
0.31411
0.12561
0.17397
0.12049
0.33253
0.28702
0.2674
0.27462
0.32456
0.25695
0.29358
0.17968
0.11194
0.33786
0.21843
0.11531
0.21613
0.10735
0.23658
0.30358
0.32643
0.13359
0.30452
0.15291
0.15742
0.14477
0.14786
0.1771
0.27483
0.16511
0.17036
0.26919
0.23381
0.17264
0.29475
0.33247
0.16679
0.1719
0.32757
0.22584
0.25734
0.10068
0.19546
0.11868
0.20476
0.12276
0.20293
0.2979
0.34602
0.16899
0.22047

2947.4
3419.3
2782.4
3150.3
2540.3
2834.8
3479.3
2324.7
2710.6
2636.8
3400.6
3127.1
2591.5
2607.6
2543.8
3162.4
2664
2804.1
3306.5
2393.6
3357
3450.7
3109.5
2320.7
3118.6
2618.6
2872.3
3018.1
2168.8
3269.4
2895
2797.4
3280.8
2794
3109.3
2990.9
3048.1
2698.4
2266.5
3209
2643.1
2754.8
2475.1
2120.9
2450.5
3115.5
3437.1
2591.6
2538.5
2666
3154.6
2844.4
3175.1
2939.9
2829.9
3011.2
2642.5
3472
2860.2

0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625

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0.267375
0.394313
0.218375
0.3205
0.140125
0.25625
0.335313
0.042
0.167125
0.126125
0.2555
0.145563
0.092813
0.137625
0.063125
0.271563
0.101313
0.118625
0.273625
0.0315
0.217938
0.323188
0.18
0.025563
0.240625
0.059813
0.253375
0.25
0.00675
0.186875
0.2475
0.174563
0.212875
0.076563
0.2445
0.13975
0.191813
0.087562
0.038625
0.223688
0.147313
0.186438
0.04125
0.018625
0.002812
0.150375
0.313188
0.054187
0.069625
0.007188
0.217875
0.052688
0.099312
0.069938
0.023813
0.11225
0.025
0.28325
0.073938

0.39686
0.23181
0.17992
0.39853
0.33993
0.33155
0.35018
0.31474
0.21461
0.10691
0.26511
0.29365
0.3546
0.19962
0.34351
0.2109
0.38699
0.37195
0.30677
0.21012
0.22267
0.30636
0.35984
0.11486
0.20079
0.17712
0.10631
0.20267
0.24527
0.29714
0.15335
0.12223
0.27772
0.32005
0.12951
0.33027
0.34752
0.25079
0.12305
0.36341
0.16246
0.10947
0.39491
0.1849
0.32204
0.38796
0.31602
0.36737
0.13343
0.15099
0.10831
0.17112
0.39892
0.18656
0.39016
0.34254
0.39648
0.10167
0.26209

0.33293
0.20447
0.14434
0.33457
0.24282
0.33363
0.16185
0.14998
0.31411
0.12561
0.17397
0.12049
0.33253
0.28702
0.2674
0.27462
0.32456
0.25695
0.29358
0.17968
0.11194
0.33786
0.21843
0.11531
0.21613
0.10735
0.23658
0.30358
0.32643
0.13359
0.30452
0.15291
0.15742
0.14477
0.14786
0.1771
0.27483
0.16511
0.17036
0.26919
0.23381
0.17264
0.29475
0.33247
0.16679
0.1719
0.32757
0.22584
0.25734
0.10068
0.19546
0.11868
0.20476
0.12276
0.20293
0.2979
0.34602
0.16899
0.22047

0.759739
0.964913
0.688
0.847957
0.582739
0.710783
0.991
0.489
0.656783
0.624696
0.956783
0.83787
0.605
0.612
0.584261
0.853217
0.636522
0.697435
0.91587
0.518957
0.937826
0.978565
0.830217
0.487261
0.834174
0.616783
0.727087
0.790478
0.421217
0.899739
0.736957
0.694522
0.904696
0.693043
0.83013
0.778652
0.803522
0.651478
0.463696
0.873478
0.627435
0.676
0.554391
0.400391
0.543696
0.832826
0.972652
0.605043
0.581957
0.637391
0.849826
0.714957
0.858739
0.756478
0.708652
0.787478
0.627174
0.987826
0.721826

200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220

225.31
217.03
187.79
184.85
211.37
180.77
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0.14349

0.800826
0.660522
0.652652
0.924565
0.967043
0.838
0.924174
0.883565
0.604565
0.504
0.58887
0.436696
0.855043
0.565435
0.50787
0.694913
0.87913
0.307783
0.981826
0.842304
0.739348
0.59087
0.634043
0.860826
0.758435
0.787087
0.782435
0.820696
0.901043
0.901348
0.909043

Appendix B
TEST DATA
60 #
RAW DATA

NORMALIZED DATA
Table 2.Test Data

160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220

198.17
194.71
225.33
211.44
220.35
211.84
247.88
229.26
192.37
198.96
226.45
195.49
189.75
192.84
203.71
194.66
218.1
229.26
247.3
208.5
191.94
220.94
184.68
183.84
189.03
225.65
221.78
191.75
187.11
183.52
213.64
198.88
197.79
184.84
182.54
186.34
201.64
188.68

Test
data
0.27722
0.31359
0.39505
0.23584
0.30005
0.37873
0.14632
0.17723
0.20465
0.39211
0.24955
0.15765
0.30989
0.15706
0.29963
0.2044
0.26299
0.3653
0.10053
0.28862
0.32136
0.13385
0.17518
0.26994
0.38351
0.19789
0.10392
0.35157
0.16079
0.39976
0.14553
0.32234
0.15026
0.12536
0.28848
0.36561
0.10854
0.29282

0.21819
0.15867
0.22565
0.10868
0.34381
0.18998
0.22523
0.22707
0.3315
0.2462
0.30512
0.11598
0.12838
0.26474
0.2787
0.17985
0.20121
0.33837
0.30594
0.34439
0.30337
0.26041
0.27945
0.21835
0.13297
0.33852
0.16168
0.28213
0.11453
0.17926
0.32927
0.24805
0.34867
0.18885
0.30312
0.10869
0.32231
0.28637

2414
2484.3
3169.3
2913.9
2770.5
2890
3282
2928.2
2075.5
2507.1
3266.2
2694
2762.5
2349.1
2807.9
2609.5
3256.2
3467.4
3375
2829.2
2818.5
3281.6
2450.3
2665.8
3143.1
3467.2
3405.8
2876.3
2798.6
2879.6
3350.3
3415.3
2910.7
2736.3
2810.3
3461.3
2912.9
3010

0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.875
0.875
0.875
0.875
0.875
0.875
0.875
0.875

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0.113563
0.091938
0.283313
0.1965
0.252188
0.199
0.42425
0.307875
0.077313
0.1185
0.290313
0.096813
0.060938
0.08025
0.148188
0.091625
0.238125
0.307875
0.420625
0.178125
0.074625
0.255875
0.02925
0.024
0.056438
0.285313
0.261125
0.073438
0.044438
0.022
0.21025
0.118
0.111188
0.03025
0.015875
0.039625
0.13525
0.05425

Test
data
0.27722
0.31359
0.39505
0.23584
0.30005
0.37873
0.14632
0.17723
0.20465
0.39211
0.24955
0.15765
0.30989
0.15706
0.29963
0.2044
0.26299
0.3653
0.10053
0.28862
0.32136
0.13385
0.17518
0.26994
0.38351
0.19789
0.10392
0.35157
0.16079
0.39976
0.14553
0.32234
0.15026
0.12536
0.28848
0.36561
0.10854
0.29282

0.21819
0.15867
0.22565
0.10868
0.34381
0.18998
0.22523
0.22707
0.3315
0.2462
0.30512
0.11598
0.12838
0.26474
0.2787
0.17985
0.20121
0.33837
0.30594
0.34439
0.30337
0.26041
0.27945
0.21835
0.13297
0.33852
0.16168
0.28213
0.11453
0.17926
0.32927
0.24805
0.34867
0.18885
0.30312
0.10869
0.32231
0.28637

0.527826
0.558391
0.856217
0.745174
0.682826
0.734783
0.905217
0.751391
0.380652
0.568304
0.898348
0.649565
0.679348
0.499609
0.699087
0.612826
0.894
0.985826
0.945652
0.708348
0.703696
0.905043
0.543609
0.637304
0.844826
0.985739
0.959043
0.728826
0.695043
0.730261
0.934913
0.963174
0.743783
0.667957
0.70013
0.983174
0.744739
0.786957

220
220
177.46
152.18
194.07
193.42
162.26
152.16
165.89
195.88
162.63
212.41
178.88
224.77
156.75
196.79
174.04
169.89
161.52
218.33
210.12
162.27

204.81
203
226.21
219.87
234.41
196.43
209.54
223.73
237.19
204.72
202.33
195.91
184.89
198.49
224.95
186.99
203.69
187.42
221.28
199.41
188.78
230.04

0.28588
0.30741
0.12493
0.28359
0.11955
0.21562
0.16984
0.12822
0.10358
0.16683
0.10359
0.26033
0.17832
0.21291
0.25346
0.27743
0.15661
0.18706
0.38742
0.29141
0.35757
0.29336

0.28954
0.31521
0.26374
0.18568
0.28014
0.15586
0.24775
0.28481
0.21109
0.21173
0.27749
0.17692
0.34422
0.2135
0.29771
0.13941
0.33628
0.22695
0.12946
0.22912
0.13996
0.2524

3466.7
3406.8
2981.6
2823.9
3443.3
2939.6
2488
2466.6
3034.9
2970.3
2157.7
3258
2125.6
3358.5
2803
2881.5
2417.7
2196.2
3333.9
3393.9
3250.2
3156.7

0.875
0.875
0.34325
0.02725
0.550875
0.54275
0.15325
0.027
0.198625
0.5735
0.157875
0.780125
0.361
0.934625
0.084375
0.584875
0.3005
0.248625
0.144
0.854125
0.7515
0.153375

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0.155063
0.14375
0.288813
0.249188
0.340063
0.102688
0.184625
0.273313
0.357438
0.1545
0.139563
0.099438
0.030562
0.115563
0.280938
0.043688
0.148063
0.046375
0.258
0.121313
0.054875
0.31275

0.28588
0.30741
0.12493
0.28359
0.11955
0.21562
0.16984
0.12822
0.10358
0.16683
0.10359
0.26033
0.17832
0.21291
0.25346
0.27743
0.15661
0.18706
0.38742
0.29141
0.35757
0.29336

0.28954
0.31521
0.26374
0.18568
0.28014
0.15586
0.24775
0.28481
0.21109
0.21173
0.27749
0.17692
0.34422
0.2135
0.29771
0.13941
0.33628
0.22695
0.12946
0.22912
0.13996
0.2524

0.985522
0.959478
0.774609
0.706043
0.975348
0.756348
0.56
0.550696
0.797783
0.769696
0.416391
0.894783
0.402435
0.938478
0.696957
0.731087
0.529435
0.43313
0.927783
0.95387
0.891391
0.850739

Appendix C
NETWORK PREDICTION (MMP)
(Training Data)
Table 3.Network Prediction (Training Data)
network
prediction(normalized)
0.86872
0.6601
0.86932
0.7248
0.29283
0.87333
0.51462
0.40859
0.53352
0.43898
0.53367
0.67804
0.51428
0.67124
0.29708
0.86159
0.48966
0.93935
0.71972
0.9157
0.69788
0.88525
0.72204
0.83281
0.87511
0.71776
0.61776
0.95263
0.3788
0.37528
0.77382
0.63888
0.75989
0.96489
0.68789
0.84797
0.58275
0.71076
0.99094
0.48905

raw
3198.056
2718.23
3199.436
2867.04
1873.509
3208.659
2383.626
2139.757
2427.096
2209.654
2427.441
2759.492
2382.844
2743.852
1883.284
3181.657
2326.218
3360.505
2855.356
3306.11
2805.124
3236.075
2860.692
3115.463
3212.753
2850.848
2620.848
3391.049
2071.24
2063.144
2979.786
2669.424
2947.747
3419.247
2782.147
3150.331
2540.325
2834.748
3479.162
2324.815

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0.65684
0.62476
0.95659
0.83772
0.60504
0.61209
0.58436
0.85336
0.63644
0.69752
0.91588
0.51891
0.93782
0.97835
0.83019
0.48732
0.83424
0.6166
0.72711
0.79053
0.42121
0.89971
0.73686
0.69442
0.90454
0.69279
0.83004
0.77845
0.80346
0.65149
0.46366
0.8736
0.62744
0.67623
0.5543
0.40046
0.54381
0.83303
0.97277
0.60508
0.582
0.63731
0.85004
0.71492
0.85891
0.75651
0.70864
0.78741
0.62703
0.98781
0.7218
0.96684
0.90679
0.72162

2710.732
2636.948
3400.157
3126.756
2591.592
2607.807
2544.028
3162.728
2663.812
2804.296
3306.524
2393.493
3356.986
3450.205
3109.437
2320.836
3118.752
2618.18
2872.353
3018.219
2168.783
3269.333
2894.778
2797.166
3280.442
2793.417
3109.092
2990.435
3047.958
2698.427
2266.418
3209.28
2643.112
2755.329
2474.89
2121.058
2450.763
3115.969
3437.371
2591.684
2538.6
2665.813
3155.092
2844.316
3175.493
2939.973
2829.872
3011.043
2642.169
3471.963
2860.14
3423.732
3285.617
2859.726

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0.68212
0.91713
0.63006
0.6612
0.82185
0.56779
0.62704
0.98868
0.6665
0.68142
0.95036
0.98376
0.59592
0.72401
0.92102
0.58109
0.8304
0.81619
0.69493
0.61681
0.70009
0.94361
0.64481
0.72731
0.97108
0.84958
0.61894
0.80954
0.85374
0.73016
0.97329
0.96228
0.95727
0.90647
0.55938
0.68032
0.84767
0.6884
0.81633
0.59469
0.7367
0.67283
0.82729
0.96335
0.72133
0.91178
0.75941
0.8501
0.73292
0.77688
0.83474
0.77492
0.78373
0.90455

2768.876
3309.399
2649.138
2720.76
3090.255
2505.917
2642.192
3473.964
2732.95
2767.266
3385.828
3462.648
2570.616
2865.223
3318.346
2536.507
3109.92
3077.237
2798.339
2618.663
2810.207
3370.303
2683.063
2872.813
3433.484
3154.034
2623.562
3061.942
3163.602
2879.368
3438.567
3413.244
3401.721
3284.881
2486.574
2764.736
3149.641
2783.32
3077.559
2567.787
2894.41
2747.509
3102.767
3415.705
2859.059
3297.094
2946.643
3155.23
2885.716
2986.824
3119.902
2982.316
3002.579
3280.465

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0.78419
0.94286
0.79412
0.91239
0.93626
0.94595
0.96648
0.85179
0.78511
0.94608
0.95209
0.84336
0.62654
0.73979
0.49437
0.61592
0.83543
0.95204
0.93532
0.77227
0.88603
0.85298
0.45227
0.65718
0.84644
0.85081
0.74169
0.91927
0.95816
0.58536
0.85295
0.40891
0.63398
0.8779
0.75687
0.43088
0.61096
0.52274
0.99823
0.85237
0.23599
0.73908
0.9925
0.57949
0.60775
0.43734
0.80476
0.68901
0.98698
0.85987
0.9534
0.71421
0.83868
0.86174

3003.637
3368.578
3026.476
3298.497
3353.398
3375.685
3422.904
3159.117
3005.753
3375.984
3389.807
3139.728
2641.042
2901.517
2337.051
2616.616
3121.489
3389.692
3351.236
2976.221
3237.869
3161.854
2240.221
2711.514
3146.812
3156.863
2905.887
3314.321
3403.768
2546.328
3161.785
2140.493
2658.154
3219.17
2940.801
2191.024
2605.208
2402.302
3495.929
3160.451
1742.777
2899.884
3482.75
2532.827
2597.825
2205.882
3050.948
2784.723
3470.054
3177.701
3392.82
2842.683
3128.964
3182.002

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0.98893
0.52236
0.55213
0.84453
0.87872
0.63779
0.92018
0.80075
0.6604
0.6529
0.92468
0.96701
0.83795
0.92403
0.88354
0.60456
0.50404
0.5891
0.43663
0.85502
0.56548
0.50793
0.69494
0.87909
0.30799
0.98186
0.84225
0.73941
0.59086
0.63418
0.8608
0.75858
0.78705
0.78244
0.82058
0.90085
0.90115
0.90919

3474.539
2401.428
2469.899
3142.419
3221.056
2666.917
3316.414
3041.725
2718.92
2701.67
3326.764
3424.123
3127.285
3325.269
3232.142
2590.488
2359.292
2554.93
2204.249
3166.546
2500.604
2368.239
2798.362
3221.907
1908.377
3458.278
3137.175
2900.643
2558.978
2658.614
3179.84
2944.734
3010.215
2999.612
3087.334
3271.955
3272.645
3291.137

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Appendix D

NETWORK PREDICTION (MMP)

(Testing Data)
Table 4.Network Prediction (Testing Data)
network prediction
normalized
0.52791
0.55828
0.85654
0.74449
0.68291
0.73509
0.9052
0.75126
0.38058
0.56844
0.89844
0.64924
0.67922
0.49936
0.69926
0.61295
0.89387
0.98611
0.94649
0.70838
0.70372
0.90494
0.54338
0.63728
0.84511
0.98587
0.9592
0.72886
0.69505
0.73019
0.93447
0.96318
0.74356
0.66766
0.70006
0.98329
0.74447
0.78688
0.98566

raw
2414.193
2484.044
3170.042
2912.327
2770.693
2890.707
3281.96
2927.898
2075.334
2507.412
3266.412
2693.252
2762.206
2348.528
2808.298
2609.785
3255.901
3468.053
3376.927
2829.274
2818.556
3281.362
2449.774
2665.744
3143.753
3467.501
3406.16
2876.378
2798.615
2879.437
3349.281
3415.314
2910.188
2735.618
2810.138
3461.567
2912.281
3009.824
3467.018

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0.95949
0.77422
0.70582
0.97612
0.75634
0.55993
0.55029
0.79742
0.76974
0.4167
0.8947
0.40276
0.93888
0.697
0.73106
0.5294
0.4328
0.9293
0.95386
0.89151
0.85048

3406.827
2980.706
2823.386
3445.076
2939.582
2487.839
2465.667
3034.066
2970.402
2158.41
3257.81
2126.348
3359.424
2803.1
2881.438
2417.62
2195.44
3337.39
3393.878
3250.473
3156.104

www.petroman.ir