SS2205 Material Specification
SS2205 Material Specification
S32205)
Chemical Formula
Fe, <0.03% C, 21-23% Cr, 4.5-6.5% Ni, 2.5-3.5% Mo, 0.8-2.0% N, <2% Mn, <1% Si, <0.03%
P, <0.02% S
Background
2205 is the most widely used duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steel grade. It finds
applications due to both excellent corrosion resistance and high strength.
The standard S31803 composition has over the years been refined by many steel suppliers, and
the resulting restricted composition range was endorsed as UNS S32205 in 1996. S32205 gives
better guaranteed corrosion resistance, but much of the S31803 currently produced also complies
with S32205.
2205 is not generally suitable for use at temperatures above 300C as it suffers from
precipitation of brittle micro-constituents, nor below -50C because of its ductile-to-brittletransition.
Key Properties
These properties are specified for flat rolled product (plate, sheet and coil) in ASTM
A240/A240M. Similar but not necessarily identical properties are specified for other products
such as pipe and bar in their respective specifications.
Composition
Typical compositional ranges for grade 2205 stainless steels are given in table 1.
Table 1. Composition ranges for 2205 grade stainless steels.
Grade
2205
(S31803)
2205
(S32205)
Min
C
-
Mn
-
Si
-
P
-
S
-
Cr
21.0
Mo
2.5
Ni
4.5
N
0.08
Max
Min
0.030
-
2.00
-
1.00
-
0.030
-
0.020
-
23.0
22.0
3.5
3.0
6.5
4.5
0.20
0.14
Max
0.030
2.00
1.00
0.030
0.020
23.0
3.5
6.5
0.20
Mechanical Properties
Typical mechanical properties for grade 2205 stainless steels are given in table 2.
Table 2. Mechanical properties of 2205 grade stainless steels
Grade
Yield Strength
0.2% Proof
(MPa) min
Tensile Str
(MPa) min
Elongation
(% in 50mm)
min
2205
620
450
25
Note: Mechanical property requirements for S31803 and S32205 are identical.
Hardness
Rockwell C
(HR C)
31 max
Brinell (HB)
293 max
Physical Properties
Typical physical properties for grade 2205 stainless steels are given in table 3.
Table 3. Typical annealed condition physical properties for 2205 grade stainless steels
Grade
Elastic
Density Modulus
(kg/m3)
(GPa)
Thermal
Conductivity
(W/m.K)
0-315C
0-538C
2205
7805
200
13.7
14.7
Note: Physical properties of S31803 and S32205 are identical.
at 100C
at 500C
19
Specific
Heat
0-100C
( J/kg.K)
450
Electrical
Resistivity
(n.m)
850
UNS
No
Old British
BS
En
Euronorm
No
Swedish
Name
Japanese
SS
JIS
S31803 /
2205
318S13
1.4462
X2CrNiMoN22-5-3
2377
SUS 329J3L
S32205
Note: These comparisons are approximate only. The list is intended as a comparison of functionally similar
materials not as a schedule of contractual equivalents. If exact equivalents are needed original specifications must
be consulted.
Corrosion Resistance
Excellent general corrosion resistance; superior to Grade 316 in most environments. Excellent
resistance to localised corrosion including intergranular, pitting and crevice corrosion; the CPT
of 2205 is generally at least 35C. The grade is also resistant to chloride stress corrosion
cracking (SCC) at temperatures of up to about 150C. Grade 2205 will often perform well in
environments which cause premature failure of austenitic grades. It has better resistance to sea
water than grade 316.
Heat Resistance
Although 2205 has good high temperature oxidation resistance this grade, like other duplex
stainless steels, suffers from embrittlement if held for even short times at temperatures above
300C. If embrittled this can only be rectified by a full solution annealing treatment. Duplex
stainless steels are almost never used above 300C.
Heat Treatment
Solution treatment (annealing) - heat to 1020-1100C and cool rapidly. This grade cannot be
hardened by thermal treatment, but does work harden.
Welding
Weldable by all standard methods, but should not generally be welded without filler metal as this
may result in excessive ferrite. AS 1554.6 pre-qualifies welding of 2205 with 2209 rods or
electrodes to ensure that deposited metal has the correctly balanced duplex structure. Nitrogen
added to the shielding gas will also assist in ensuring adequate austenite in the structure. Heat
input must be kept low and no pre- or post-heat should be used. The lower co-efficient of
thermal expansion of all duplex stainless steels compared with austenitic grades reduces
distortion and associated stresses.
Machining
The high strength that makes 2205 useful in many applications also reduces its machinability.
Cutting speeds are approximately 20% slower than for grade 304. There is as yet no Improved
Machinability version of 2205.
Fabrication
The high strength of 2205 also makes bending and forming more difficult; these operations will
require larger capacity equipment than would be required for austenitic stainless steels. The
ductility of 2205 is less than that of an austenitic grade, so severe forming operations, such as
cold heading, are not generally possible. If severe cold working is required it is recommended
that intermediate annealing be carried out.
Applications
Typical Applications include: