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The document discusses different types of analog filters - Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptic. It explains that Butterworth filters have a maximally flat frequency response with no ripples but the slowest roll-off, requiring a higher order filter. Chebyshev filters allow ripple to achieve a faster roll-off with a lower order filter, and come in Type 1 and 2 varieties. Elliptic filters have the steepest roll-off but ripple in both passband and stopband, and nonlinear phase response.

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Carmela Sapalaran
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43 views

Report DSP

The document discusses different types of analog filters - Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptic. It explains that Butterworth filters have a maximally flat frequency response with no ripples but the slowest roll-off, requiring a higher order filter. Chebyshev filters allow ripple to achieve a faster roll-off with a lower order filter, and come in Type 1 and 2 varieties. Elliptic filters have the steepest roll-off but ripple in both passband and stopband, and nonlinear phase response.

Uploaded by

Carmela Sapalaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The frequency response of the

Butterworth filter is maximally flat


(which means it has no ripples) in the
passband and rolls off towards zero in
the stopband. A first-order filter's
response rolls off at 6 dB
per octave (20 dB per decade) (all
first-order lowpass filters have the
same normalized frequency
response). The roll off of Butterworth
is smooth and monotonic compared
to other filter types. Compared with
a Chebyshev Type I/Type II filter or
an elliptic filter, the Butterworth filter
has a slower roll-off, and thus will
require a higher order to implement a particular stopband specification, but
Butterworth filters have a more linear phase response in the pass-band than
Chebyshev Type I/Type II and elliptic filters can achieve.
The Chebyshev response is a mathematical strategy for achieving a faster
roll-off by allowing ripple in the frequency response. As the ripple increases (bad),
the roll-off becomes sharper (good). The Chebyshev response is an optimal trade-off
between these two parameters. Chebyshev filters where the ripple is only allowed in
the passband are called type 1 filters. Chebyshev filters that have ripple only in the
stopband are called type 2 filters, but are are seldom used. Chebyshev filters have a
poor phase response.
It can be shown that for a passband flatness within 0.1dB and a stopband
attenuation of 20dB an 8th order Chebyshev filter will be required against a 19th
order Butterworth filter. This may be important if you are using a lower specification
processor. Compared to a Butterworth filter, a Chebyshev filter can achieve a
sharper transition between the passband and the stopband with a lower order filter.
The sharp transition between the passband and the stopband of a Chebyshev filter
produces smaller absolute errors and faster execution speeds than a Butterworth
filter. Chebyshev II filters have the same advantage over Butterworth filters that
Chebyshev filters havea sharper transition between the passband and the
stopband with a lower order filter, resulting in a smaller absolute error and faster
execution speed.

The cut-off slope of an elliptic filter is steeper than that of a Butterworth,


Chebyshev, or Bessel, but the amplitude response has ripple in both the passband
and the stopband, and the phase response is very non-linear. However, if the
primary concern is to pass frequencies falling within a certain frequency band and
reject frequencies outside that band, regardless of phase shifts or ringing, the
elliptic response will perform that function with the lowest-order filter. Compared
with the same order Butterworth or Chebyshev filters, the elliptic filters provide the
sharpest transition between the passband and the stopband, which accounts for
their widespread use.
I conclude that based on the three analog filters (Butterworth, Chebyshev,
and Elliptic), when the roll-off is sharper the ripple increases, but if we want a filter
with no ripples the roll-off is less sharp the solution to obtain a sharper roll-off is to
use the higher order of a certain filter.

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