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List:Partsofbahaynabato|Filipiniana101
List:Partsofbahaynabato
Theturnofthecenturybahaynabatoor"stonehouse"theOldManilaNostalgiablogcorrectlyrenamesit
thebahaynabatoatkahoyispracticallyextinct.ExceptforLasCasasdeAcuzar,whichdismantlesbahay
nabatofromtheiroriginalcontextandreconstructstheminaresortneartheshoreofBagac,Bataan,noone
buildsthemanymore.
Althoughnonindigenous,thebahaynabato(atkahoy)hasbecome"authenticFilipino,"togobyFernando
NakpilZialcita'sargument,becausetheoriginalSpanisharchitecturaldesignhasbeenrepurposedtosuitthe
nativeclimateusingthenativearchitecturalidiom,inparticularconstructionideasfromthebahaykubo.The
OldManilaNostalgiabloggerobservantlynotestheseingeniousadjustments:
makingthestructuremoreearthquakeproof
allowingmorelightintothehouse
allowingmoreair
shieldingthehousefromtherainandheatofthesun
raisingthefloorasaprecautionagainstflood
BahaynabatoresearcherMariaCeciliaSunicoAtienzaliststhefollowingasamongthemostdistinguishing
featuresofthebahaynabato(innoparticularorder):portico,portecochere,volada,loadbearingwalls,
pilasters,engagedcolumn,stainedglasswindows,capizslidingventanas,andventanillas.
Notethat,justlikeeverythingelseinFilipinoculture,thebahaynabatoalsohasseveralvariationsalong
ethniclines,orsoImeldaMarcos'NayongPilipinoeducateduslongago.ThebahaynabatoinCebu,for
example,hasdifferencesfromtheonein,say,Samar.AugustoVillalon,insupportofthisobservation,hasan
interestingcompareandcontrastessayontheVigan(IlocosSur)bahaynabatoversustheTaal(Batangas)
bahaynabato.(Unfortunately,itcan'tbefoundviaGoogle.)
Otherobserverspointoutanotherdistinguishingfeature:theunprecedentedmixingandmatchingof
architecturalstyles,suchthatabahaynabatocanhaveneogothicandneoMudejar(neoMoorish)detailsin
thesamecornersthatis,ontopofthebaroque(whichmaybeofparticularstyle,e.g.thespareby
comparisonVienneseSecessioniststyle).Thesequaintmixesgivethebahaynabatoanarchitecturalstyle
thatevolvedfrombothEastandWestandthusmakingittrulyFilipino.
Onecan'thelpbutthinkthebahaynabatoshouldbeasourceofidentityandprideamongFilipinos,andyet
therealitiesonthegroundcontradictthisassumption.Insteadofcontinuingwiththeconstructionofour
housesinthistradition,whichisperfectlysuitedtothetropics,wenowmostlypreferthe"modernAsian"or
Japanesestyle.Whatwedowiththefineculturalfusionthatisthebahaynabatoisconsignittothestatusof
amuseumartifact,tobevisitedandrelishedonlyasanafterthought.Apartfromthis,weobliterateitfor
commercialpurposes,ifnotleavetoselfdestruction.
Whyhasthebahaynabatofallenintodisrepairanddisfavor?Wecanonlyspeculate.Maybethereasonis
economics:it'ssimplytooexpensivetobuildthebahaynabatointheoriginalstyleusingoriginalmaterials.
Couldthereasonalsobesociopoliticalinnature?Coulditalsobethatitsdeathisonlyareflectionofthe
deathofthefeudalisticstructureofPhilippinesociety?Let'snotforgetthat,initstime,thebahaynabatoisa
statussymbol,andbecauseofthat,theFilipinomassescouldonlyassociateitwithasocialstatusandaway
oflifewaybeyondtheirmeansintheirwholelifetime.DotheFilipinomassesregardthebahaynabatowith
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hate,resentment,ordisdain?Maybetheleftleaningdo,butIhaveyettoactuallymeetsucharesentful
bunchamongfellowordinaryFilipinos.
Withthebahaynabatoinevitablyvanishingfromourculture,exceptasmuseumartifactsandthemedresort
structures,thesearchitecturalandinteriordesigntermshavepracticallyvanishedalongwithit.Allwecando
nowismakethisquickrequiemofalist:
BahaynaBatoatKahoyArchitecturalandHomeFurnishingTerms
Accessoria"apartmenttypedwellingcharacterizedbycommonpartywallssharedbyadjoiningunitswith
separatedooreachinfront"
Aljibecistern
AntesalaseeCaida
Aparadordetreslunas"armoirewiththreesections"
Arkoarch
Azotea"openairbalconybesidethekitchenthathousedacistern(aljibe)andthebathroomandwas
usuallyaworkarea"(BambiHarper)
Atlas,Atlantes"acolumnintheshapeofaman"
Balconajebalcony
Banggera"awoodendishrackthatextendsoutsidethekitchenwindow.Afterthedishesarewashed,they
areplacedheretobeairdried.Theinvertedcupsareplacedontheendsofthewoodensticksandtheplates
areplacedinbetweenorabovetheslats.Onthefarleftisatapayan/banga,anearthenwarejarthatkeeps
watercool."(OldManilaNostalgiablog)
Baerabathtub
Baobathroom
Barandillas(usuallywooden)railingorbalustrade
Barrigones"buntis"(pregnant)grillworkstoaccommodateplanters
Butaka"aversionofsillaperezosawithnolegrests"
Caidalandingontheupperentrancehall"foyerofthesecondfloor"alsocalledAntesala
Caladolacestylefretworkorlatticeworkusedtoadornroomdividersandtoallowairtocirculate
Capilla"longbench,astapleiteminthecaida"
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Capital"topmostmemberofacolumn(orpilaster)mediatingbetweenthecolumnandtheload"
Capizwindow(often)slidingwindowmadeofcapizshellscutintosquares
Caryatid"asculptedfemalefigureservingasanarchitecturalsupporttakingtheplaceofacolumnora
pillarsupportinganentablatureonherhead"
Clerestory"anyhighwindowsaboveeyelevelforthepurposeofbringingoutsidelight,freshair,orboth
intotheinnerspace"
Cocinakitchenbuiltseparatelyfromthehouse
Colonette"asmall,thindecorativecolumnsupportingabeam(horizontaltimber)orlintel(beamspanninga
doororwindow)"
Comedordiningroom
ComuntoiletalsocalledLatrina
Cornicealedgeor"generallyanyhorizontaldecorativemoldingthatcrownsabuildingorfurnitureelement"
Court,Courtyard"aspaceenclosedbywallsandisopentotheskyhasazoteaorbalconaje"
Cuartosrooms
Cuatroaguas"hiproof,whichhasmorecornersandangles,makingitstrongerthanthedosaguas(gable)
orhighpitchedroofduetostrongeraerodynamics(i.e.,morewindresistance)alsohastheadvantageof
providinganoverhang,whichiseffectiveforprotectingthehousefromrainwaterandfromdirectsunlight"
Dapugan"aplatforminthekitchenwherethe'kalan'orclaystoveisplaced"
DespachoofficealsoOficina
Dispensapantry
Dosaguas"gableorhighpitchedroof"
Eave"bottomedgeofaroof"
Engagedcolumncolumninsupportoftheroofabove
Entresuelomezzanine"literallymeaning'betweenfloors,thisistheareawhereclients,tenantsorestate
managers(iftheownerwasarichlandowner)waitbeforebeingadmittedtotheoficina(office)"
Escalerastairway
Escritorio"alargechestofdrawers,commonlyadornedwithinlaywork"
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Faadefront
Finial"ausuallyfoliatedornamentforminganupperextremity"
Gable"thepartofawallthatenclosestheendofapitchedroof"
Gallineraliterally,"chickenseat""usuallyfoundoutsidetheoficinaofalandownercomingfromthe
Spanishword'gallo'(chicken),thischurchbenchinspiredsetteeisusedforfarmerstoplacechickensonthe
cageunderneathinexchangeforpayingcash"(OldManilaNostalgiablog)
Gargoyle"acarvedstonegrotesquewithaspoutdesignedtoconveywaterfromaroofandawayfromthe
sideofabuilding,therebypreventingrainwaterfromrunningdownmasonrywallsanderodingthemortar
between"
Gingerbreadtrim,Runningtrim"afancifullycutandpiercedfriezemetalsheetattachedtotheeaves,a
trimmingthatinstantlytransformssimplewindowsintoapieceofart""usuallyattachedtotheeavestomake
itmoredecorativeandtocurvingironrodsthathelpsupportthemediaagua"
Kamatypicallymeaningfourposterbed
KamaniAhtay"aoncepopularsignaturefourposterbeddesignthatwascarvedbyafamousChinese
furnituremakernamedEduardoAhTay.Tohavethisbedwasconsideredasymbolofstatusduringthe
Spanishera."(OldManilaNostalgiablog)
Kantoneras(Brackets)"eitherplaincaladocutoutsorfullycarvedembellishmentsusuallyplacedwhere
beamsandcolumnsintersectespeciallyunderthe"soffit"oroverhangingceilingoutsidehousealsoseento
decoratedoororwindowopenings,hallwaysorsimplydividingspaces"
Lansenaskitchensideboards
LatrinaseeComun
Loadbearingwallwallusedinplaceofpoststobearweight
Machucatiles(formerlyknownasbaldozasmosaicas)colorfulMediterraneanstylecementtilesusedfor
thezaguanflooringmanufacturedbytheMachucacompanyanotherbrandisMajolica
Mediaaguascanopyorroofshed,consistingof"apieceofmetalroofthatprotectsthewindowfromrainor
heat"nottobeconfusedwithawning
Miradorlighthouse
Moulding,molding"astripofmaterial(suchaswoodormetal)withsomedesignorpatternthatisusedas
adecorationonawall,ontheedgeofatable,etc."
Oratorioprayerroomwithanaltarofsantos
Paintedmetalsheetceiling"tinorcopperceilingfrommaybelateVictoriantoearlyAmericancolonial
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period,topreventdecaybymoistureorworms(orevenmouse)"
Paminggalan"acabinetwhereleftoverfoodandpreservesarestored.Thedoorsofthecabinethaveslats
sothatitcanabsorbairandroomtemperatureinside.Toavoidantsfromcomingupandgettingtothefood,
thelegsofthecabinetareplacedoncontainersfilledwithkeroseneoranyliquid."(OldManilaNostalgiablog)
Pasamanowindowledge
Persianalouverwindow
PiedrachinaChinesestoneusedtopavethefloorofthezaguan
Pilasterfalsepillar"usedtogivetheappearanceofasupportingcolumnandtoarticulateanextentofwall,
withonlyanornamentalfunction"
Plateraaparadororcabinetforkitchenware(chieflychina)
Portecocherehorsecarriageporchorporticoatthemainentrance
Portico"(fromItalian)aporchleadingtotheentranceofabuilding,orextendedasacolonnade,witharoof
structureoverawalkway,supportedbycolumnsorenclosedbywalls"
Puerta"dooroftheentradaprincipal(mainentrance)"
Puertita"smallcutdoorthatispartofthepuerta"
Pugonclayoven
Punkahceilingclothfan
Salamayormainlivingroom,placeforlateafternoonpartiescalledtertuliasanddancescalledbailes
Salamenorsecondarylivingroom
SillasAmericanas"Americanchairs,consideredtheMonoblocchairsoftheirtime(duetoubiquity)"
Sillaperezosalazychair
Solihiyatypicalweavepatterninfurniture
Stainedglass"glasscoloredorstained(asbyfusingmetallicoxidesintoit)fordecorativeapplications(as
inwindows)"
Transom"transversehorizontalstructuralbeamorbar"
Trompel'oeil"astyleofpaintinginwhichthingsarepaintedinawaythatmakesthemlooklikerealobjects"
TumbatumbaPhilippinerockingchair
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Ventana"woodenwindowpanelthatusesagridpatternwithflattenedcapizshellpanes"ofteninsliding
style,asopposedtoflingingout
Ventanillaliterally'smallwindow'"slidingpanelsbetweenthefloorandwindows"toallowmoreairand
light"usuallyprotectedbybalustradeswhichcaneitherbewoodenorwroughtirongrills"
Volada"anenclosedoverhangingbalcony""agallery(alongtheelaboratesystemofwindows)which
protectstheroomsfromtheheatofthesun"
YerongpukpokseeGingerbreadtrim
Zaguangroundfloor(literally"passageway"inArabic)toaccommodatehorsecarriagesandcarrozas
(processionalcarriages)
Webliography:
EnglishOxfordDictionary
Wikipedia
http://www.scribd.com/doc/28427065/PhilippineSpanishInteriorDesign
[http://www.scribd.com/doc/28427065/PhilippineSpanishInteriorDesign]
BahaynaBatobyRodrigoD.Perez(2007)http://www.librarylink.org.ph/featarticle.asp?articleid=110
[http://www.librarylink.org.ph/featarticle.asp?articleid=110]
OldManilaNostalgiaFacebookpage:https://www.facebook.com/oldmanilanostalgia
[https://www.facebook.com/oldmanilanostalgia]
http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/122223/taals19thcenturyhousehistorymadeinteresting#ixzz2vGohlJ7D
[http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/122223/taals19thcenturyhousehistorymadeinteresting#ixzz2vGohlJ7D]
PhilippineAncestralHouses(18101930)byFernandoNakpilZialcitaandMartinI.Tinio,GCFBooks(1980)
ArkitekturangFilipino:AHistoryofArchitectureandUrbanisminthePhilippinesbyGerardLico,UPPress
(2008)
PhilippineHeritageHomes:AGuidebookbyJaimeC.Laya,CristinaV.TuralbaandMartinI.Tinio,Jr.(2014)
AncestralHousesinthePhilippinesFacebookpagemembersMariaCeciliaAtienzaSunico,ChrisChan,etal.
Posted20thMarch2014byR.O.
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