Biology Paper Two

Section A
Question One
A biology class goes on a field trip to study a small coastal ecosystem along a busy highway. A students
sketch of the area investigated is shown below.

a) A group of students is given a 1m2 quadrat to study the area shown above.
1. The distribution of the different plant and animal species changes from the waters edge to
the highway. Name two additional pieces of apparatus the students will need to investigate
the changing distribution of plant and animal species.
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2. Describe how each piece of apparatus you named above can be used to study the distribution
of plant species in the area.
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b) One group of students is given a 1m2 quadrat to determine the distribution of three plant species in
the area behind the mangroves. The results are shown below.

Plant Organisms

Quadrat Number

Small Flowering Shrubs

Grass growing in clumps
Succulent plant

i)

State one precaution that should be taken when using the quadrat to determine the distribution
of the plant species.
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ii)

Calculate the species density of the small flowering shrubs in the area. Show your working.

c) Another group of students observes the feeding relationship among the organisms found in and
around the pond. The data recorded is shown below.

Organism
Crab
Guppy (Fish)
Water Bird
Water Snail
Mosquito larvae
Water Weed
Frog
Tadpoles

Food Eaten
Decaying Plant matter
Mosquito larvae
Guppy, Frog, Crop
Algae, Water weed
Moss, Decaying plant Matter
Makes own food
Dragonfly, Mosquito larvae
Water weed

i)

Using the information above construct a food web with TEN organisms.

ii)

Explain why there are usually no more than four trophic levels in a food web.
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iii)

State TWO physical (abiotic) factors that could affect the population of the organisms that
live in the pond.
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d) Different group of students collected data on the frog population from 1997 to 2004. The data is
shown below.

i)

Year

Population size of frogs

2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997

(Number of individuals)
5
5
35
80
110
No data ( No field trip due to hurricane)
75
125

Plot a graph to represent the data shown above.

Question Two
i)

The figure below shows the structure of the human eye. Label the parts numbered or to six.

ii)

The rods and cones are specialised cells of the retina which are stimulated by light. What
biological term describes such such cells?

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iii)

Severe lack of Vitamin A can result in the cornea of the eye becoming dry and thickened.
Explain how this condition would affect a persons ability to see.
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iv)

Diagrams C and D show two common eye defects, while diagrams 7,8 and 9 show three types
of lenses that can be used to correct eye defects.

Identify the eye defects and the lenses which can be used to correct them.
a) Diagram C
Eye Defect:
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Corrected Lens:
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b) Diagram D
Eye Defect:
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Corrected Lens:
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v)
Sometimes contact lenses are used to correct eye defects. Suggest TWO precautions one
should take when using contact lenses.
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Question Three

i)

Identify the parts of the flowers labelled H to M

H ___________________________________________________________
I ____________________________________________________________
J _____________________________________________________________
K _____________________________________________________________
L ____________________________________________________________
M ____________________________________________________________

ii)

What is the likely Pollinating agent of Flower R?

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Based on the information from the diagram, give TWO reasons for your answer.
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iii)

Describe ONE characteristics of the mature fruit of Species Q that can be deduced from the
diagram, and say why it is important for the survival of the species.

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iv)

The seeds from the mature fruit of Flower Q are not dispersed by animals or water but are
found far away from the parent plant. Explain how this is possible.
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v)

Suggest ONE reason why some plants have no dispersing seeds.

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vi)

Describe the events which results in the development of a seed, after pollination.
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Section B
Question Four
i)

Describe the mechanisms by which air is moved into the lungs during inhalation in humans
Why is gaseous exchange important in the human body?(6 marks)

ii)

Compare the characteristics of the structures involved in gaseous exchange in humans and in

iii)

flowering plants. You must state the name of EACH of the structures.(5 marks)
Explain TWO ways in which smoking tobacco may reduce the efficiency of gaseous
exchange in the lungs.(4 marks)

Write your answer below

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Question Five
i)

Describe the role of the mosquito in the transmission of a named pathogen of a

named disease. Suggest TWO social implications of an outbreak of this disease.

ii)

(8 marks)
Explain THREE reasons why it is important to study the life cycle of the mosquito in

iii)

order to control the spread of the disease named above.(5 marks)

Explain why some individuals do not show signs or symptoms when bitten by an
infected mosquito. (2 marks)

Write your answer below

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Question Six
i)

State what is meant by natural selection and explain why genetic variation is important in

ii)

natural selection.(4 marks)

Humans have developed breeds of dogs with different traits. Explain TWO ways in which
this breeding process differs from natural selection, giving TWO possible disadvantages to

iii)

the species.(4 marks)

Genetic engineering techniques are being applied in areas such as medicine, biotechnology
and research. Discuss TWO possible negative outcomes of genetic engineering , and THREE
benefits of continuing the use of genetic engineering techniques. In your answer state what is
meant by genetic engineering. (7 marks)

Write your answer below

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Answer Sheet To Paper one

1
A
2
D
3
B
4
B
5
A
6
C
7
D
8
B
9
C
10
B
11
C
12
D
13
A
14
C
15
C
16
D
17
C
18
A
19
C
20
B
21
A
22
A
23
B
24
C
25
C
26
D
27
B
28
C
28
B
30
A
31
C

32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

B
B
B
A
B
A
C
C
A
A
C
D
D
C
C
C
A
A
C
D
A
D
A
D
C
B
B
D
A