Scribd
Upload
2K views

Project Open Flow Channel

This document is a project report for an open channel hydraulics course. It investigates estimating uniform flow velocity and discharge in a man-made trapezoidal channel on the campus of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. The channel was 3 meters long with a bottom width of 25cm that narrowed to 15.5cm. Flow depth increased 0.33cm over the length. Manning's equation was used to calculate a uniform flow velocity of 0.454 m/s and discharge of 0.034 cubic meters per second. The project involved measuring the channel geometry, calculating hydraulic properties, and analyzing the results.

Uploaded by

Kin Hamzah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2K views

Project Open Flow Channel

This document is a project report for an open channel hydraulics course. It investigates estimating uniform flow velocity and discharge in a man-made trapezoidal channel on the campus of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. The channel was 3 meters long with a bottom width of 25cm that narrowed to 15.5cm. Flow depth increased 0.33cm over the length. Manning's equation was used to calculate a uniform flow velocity of 0.454 m/s and discharge of 0.034 cubic meters per second. The project involved measuring the channel geometry, calculating hydraulic properties, and analyzing the results.

Uploaded by

Kin Hamzah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

BFC 21103: HYDRAULICS


PROJECT: OPEN CHANNEL HUNT
SESI: 2015/2016

LECTURERS NAME:
PN. SITI NAZAHIYAH BINTI RAHMAT
(SECTION 5)
GROUP MEMBERS :
NIK MOHD HAMZAH BIN NIK MOHD

DF140051

NAWI

NO.

CONTENTS

PAGE NO.

INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVE

STUDY AREA

DISCUSSION ON METHOD

CONCLUSION

REFERENCE

APPENDICES

9-10

1. INTRODUCTION

Flow of a liquid may take place either as open channel flow or pressure flow. Pressure
flow takes place in a closed conduit such as a pipe, and pressure is the primary driving force
for the flow. For open channel flow, on the other hand the flowing liquid has a free surface at
atmospheric pressure and the driving force is gravity. Open channel flow takes place in
natural channels like rivers and streams. It also occurs in manmade channels such as those
used to transport wastewater and in circular sewers flowing partially full.
Steady and unsteady flow depend on whether flow depth and velocity change with
time at a point. In general if the quantity of water entering and leaving the reach does not
change, then the flow is considered steady.
Steady flow in a channel can be either Uniform or Non-uniform (varied).When the
average velocities in successive cross sections of a channel are the same, the flow is uniform.
This occurs only when the cross section is constant. Non-uniform flow results from gradual
or sudden changes in the cross sectional area.
Uniform flow and varied flow describe the changes in depth and velocity with respect
to distance. If the water surface is parallel to the channel bottom flow is uniform and the
water surface is at normal depth. Varied flow or non-uniform flow occurs when depth or
velocity change over a distance, like in a constriction or over a riffle. Gradually varied flow
occurs when the change is small, and rapidly varied flow occurs when the change is large, for
example a wave, waterfall, or the rapid transition from a stream channel into the inlet of a
culvert.

2. OBJECTIVE
So in this project is to investigate the estimation of uniform velocity, V and rate of
flow, Q of bankfull flow (assumed maximum depth of flow) based on Manning flow
resistance equation.

3. STUDY AREA

The area that our group choose is Channel no. 3 adjacent to the A2 building near the
University and Industry Relations Office. The surrounding environment of the channel is
man-made environment that is building, pedestrians and sewer. The channel that we has
choose is made from concrete, the shape is rectangular and half circle channel (Figure 1,
Figure 2 and Figure 3) and it clear from mud or any obstacle that can affect the flow. The onsite investigation at the time 11:45 on 22 April 2015 is mostly cloudy which is a little bit hot
make the drain is dry. The flow direction of the channel is flowing down into the sewer.
The drain is a Uniform flow at every section along the drain channel. This because
every 1 meter the depth of the drain we be add 0.33 cm which is the depth of flow is the same
dy
at every section along the channel, dx =0 .

25cm

14.5cm

25 cm

24cm

15.5cm

25cm

9.5cm
9.5cm

Point A

Point B

24cm

3 Meter
Point C
4. METHOD AND EQUIPMENT

EQUIPMENT
1.
Measuring Tape: use to measure length of
channel, width and depth.

2.
Ruler: to measure a length.

METHOD
1. By using measuring tape, measure the length of 3m that start at any place of the
channel that has been chosen for the upstream, middle and downstream.
2. Mark the start point as Point A and the end of it is mark as point B.
3. Sketch the drain shape/ channel geometries.
4. Measure the bottom width, B and depth, y for the rectangular and half circle of the
channel from point A.
5. Record the values B and y of the Point A channel.
6. Repeat the step 4 and 5 for the point B Channel.
CALCULATION (USED EQUATIONS)
o Hydraulic radius, R
o Area of flow, A
o Wetted perimeter, P
o Longitudinal channel bed slope, So
o Uniform velocity of flow, V (manning formula)
o Rate of flow/ Discharge, Q
5. VELOCITY AND DISCHARGE FLOW

RESULT

DATA ANALYSIS
Formula:

S o=

Z
H

n = from table 1
2

1
V = R 3 So 2
n
Q= AV

R=

A
P

1. Area, A
Rectangular

A = 0.25 X 0.24

= 0.06 m2

Half Circle
( 0.19 )2
[ ( sin )]
8
0.014 m2

= 0.074m2

2. Wetted Perimeter, P
Rectangular

Half Circle

P = 0.25 + 2(0.24)

0.19
2

= 0.73m
= 1.028m

0.298 m

3. Longitudinal Slope, S0
S o=

0.250.24
3

= 3.33 X 10-3

4.

C.-a.-2. Clean, after


Weathering
n = 0.022

5. Velocity of flow, V
R=

0. 074
1.028

= 0.072m
0. 072
1

2
( )(3.33 103 2 )
3
V
1

0.022
= 0.454 m/s
6. Rate of flow, Q
Q = 0.074 0.454
= 0.034 m3/s

6.

DISCUSSIONS
The flow of water in an open channel is a familiar sight, whether in a natural
channel like that of a river, or an artificial channel like that of an irrigation ditch. Its
movement is a difficult problem when everything is considered, especially with the
variability of natural channels, but in many cases the major features can be expressed
in terms of only a few variables, whose behavior can be described adequately by a
simple theory. The principal forces at work are those of inertia, gravity and viscosity,
each of which plays an important role.
Apart from this wide and deep channels are also important in the search for
Velocity and rate of flow/ Discharge of the channel.

Natural channel

artificial or manmade channel

7. CONCLUSIONS
The artificial or manmade channel is plays an important role to find the
Uniform velocity of flow, V and rate of flow, Q because the channel that be made has
various type of shape, different measure in width and depth.

8. REFERENCE
1. MANNING ENVIRONMENTAL CORP., Flumes, Publication # FL-778, Manning
Environmental Corp., Santa Cruz.
2. GRANT, D. M., Open Channel Flow Measurement Handbook, 1st edition, Lincoln,
Instrumentation Specialties Company (1979).
3. COLLINGE, V. K. and Simpson, James R., Dilution Techniques for Flow
Measurement, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Department of Civil Engineering
(1963).
4. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ORGANISATION, Liquid Flow Measurement in
Open Channels - Velocity-area Methods - Collection and Processing of Data for
Determination of Errors in Measurement, ISO 1088, Second Edition (1985).

9. PICTURE ON-SITE

10

11

You might also like