Scribd
Upload
310 views

Temperature: By: S K Mondal

This document discusses temperature scales and conversions between Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin scales. It provides the standard definitions and formulas for converting between these scales. It then presents several physics problems involving temperature measurements and relating temperature to other thermometric properties like gas pressure, electrical resistance of materials, and thermocouple voltages. These problems are solved to determine unknown temperatures or constants in relationships between temperature and the other properties.

Uploaded by

hirenpatel_universal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
310 views

Temperature: By: S K Mondal

This document discusses temperature scales and conversions between Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin scales. It provides the standard definitions and formulas for converting between these scales. It then presents several physics problems involving temperature measurements and relating temperature to other thermometric properties like gas pressure, electrical resistance of materials, and thermocouple voltages. These problems are solved to determine unknown temperatures or constants in relationships between temperature and the other properties.

Uploaded by

hirenpatel_universal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Temperature

By: S K Mondal

Chapter 2

2. Temperature
Some Important Notes
Comparison of Temperature scale
100o C

Boiling Point

Test

Temperature

0o C

Q2.1

373K

Freezing Point

Relation:

212oF

32o F

80 o

2 73 K

30 cm

0o

10 cm

C0
F 32
K 273
0
x 10
=
=
=
=
100 0 212 32 373 273 80 0 30 10

Questions with Solution P. K. Nag

The limiting value of the ratio of the pressure of gas at the steam point and at
the triple point of water when the gas is kept at constant volume is found to be
1.36605. What is the ideal gas temperature of the steam point?

(Ans. 100C)
p
= 1.36605
pt

Solution:

( v ) = 273.16

p
pt

= 273.16 1.36605
= 373.15C

Q2.2

In a constant volume gas thermometer the following pairs of pressure


readings were taken at the boiling point of water and the boiling point
of sulphur, respectively:
Water b.p.
Sulphur b.p.

50.0
96.4

100
193

200
387

300
582

The numbers are the gas pressures, mm Hg, each pair being taken with
the same amount of gas in the thermometer, but the successive pairs
being taken with different amounts of gas in the thermometer. Plot the
ratio of Sb.p.:H2Ob.p. against the reading at the water boiling point, and
extrapolate the plot to zero pressure at the water boiling point. This
Page 11 of 265

Temperature

By: S K Mondal

gives the ratio of Sb.p. : H2Ob.p. On a gas thermometer operating at zero


gas pressure, i.e., an ideal gas thermometer. What is the boiling point of
sulphur on the gas scale, from your plot?
(Ans. 445C)
Water b.p.
50.0 100
200
300
Sulphur b.p. 96.4 193
387
582
Sb.p

Ratio

= 1.928 1.93

Wb.p

1.926
Extrapolating

Solution :

Chapter 2

1.935 1.940

T1 = 100C = 373K

T2 = ?

50

100

200

300

p1
= 1.926
p2

Q2.3

T2 = 373 1.926 = 718K = 445C

The resistance of a platinum wire is found to be 11,000 ohms at the ice point,
15.247 ohms at the steam point, and 28.887 ohms at the sulphur point. Find the
constants A and B in the equation

R = R0 (1 + At + Bt2 )
And plot R against t in the range 0 to 660C.
Solution:

(3271, 1668628)

36.595
11

R 0 = 11.000

R100 = R 0 1 + A 100 + B 1002

660C

15.247 = 11.000 + 1100A + 11 10 B

or

... ( i )

or 3.861 103 = A + 100B

28.887 = 11.00 + 445 11A + 4452 11B


... ( ii )

3.654110-3 = A + 445B
equation ( ii )

( i ) gives.

B = 6 10 7
A = 3.921 10 3

}
)

R = 11 1 + 3.921 10 3 t 6 10 7 t 2
or

Y = 11 1 + 3.921 10 3 t 6 10 7 t 2

or ( t 3271) = 4 37922 ( Y 1668628 )


2

R 660 = 36.595

Page 12 of 265

Temperature

By: S K Mondal
Q2.4

Chapter 2

when the reference junction of a thermocouple is kept at the ice point


and the test junction is at the Celsius temperature t, and e.m.f. e of the
thermocouple is given by the equation

= at + bt2
Where a = 0.20 mV/deg, and b = - 5.0 10-4 mV/deg2
(a)
(b)

Compute the e.m.f. when t = - l00C, 200C, 400C, and 500C, and
draw graph of against t in this range.
Suppose the e.m.f. is taken as a thermometric property and that a
temperature scale t* is defined by the linear equation.
t* = a' + b'

Solution:
Q2.5

And that t* = 0 at the ice point and t* = 100 at the steam point. Find
the numerical values of a' and b' and draw a graph of against t*.
(c) Find the values of t* when t = -100C, 200C, 400C, and 500C, and
draw a graph of t* against t.
(d) Compare the Celsius scale with the t* scale.
Try please
The temperature t on a thermometric scale is defined in terms of a
property K by the relation
t = a ln K + b

Solution:

Where a and b are constants.


The values of K are found to be 1.83 and 6.78 at the ice point and the
steam point, the temperatures of which are assigned the numbers 0 and
100 respectively. Determine the temperature corresponding to a
reading of K equal to 2.42 on the thermometer.
(Ans. 21.346C)
t = a ln x + b
0 = a x ln 1.83 + b
(i)
100 = a x ln 6.78 + b
(ii)

Equation {(ii) (i)} gives

or

Q2.6

6.78
a ln
= 100
1.83
a = 76.35
b = a ln 1.83
= 46.143
t = 76.35 ln k 46.143
t* = 76.35 ln 2.42 46.143
= 21.33C

The resistance of the windings in a certain motor is found to be 80 ohms


at room temperature (25C). When operating at full load under steady
state conditions, the motor is switched off and the resistance of the
windings, immediately measured again, is found to be 93 ohms. The
windings are made of copper whose resistance at temperature tC is
given by
Page 13 of 265

Temperature

By: S K Mondal

Chapter 2
Rt = R0 [1 + 0.00393 t]

Solution:

Where R0 is the resistance at 0C. Find the temperature attained by the


coil during full load.
(Ans. 70.41C)
R25 = R0 [1 + 0.00393 25]

Q2.7

R0 =

80
= 72.84
1
+
0.00393
25]
[

93 = 72.84 {1 + 0.00393 t}

or

t = 70.425C

A new scale N of temperature is divided in such a way that the freezing


point of ice is 100N and the boiling point is 400N. What is the
temperature reading on this new scale when the temperature is 150C?
At what temperature both the Celsius and the new temperature scale
reading would be the same?
(Ans. 550N, 50C.)

Solution:

150 0
N 100
=
100 0
400 100
or N = 550o N
let N= C for x o
C 0
N 100
then
=
100 0
400 100
x
x 100
=
or
300
100

or
or
or
or
Q2.8

x 100
3
3 x = x -100
2 x = -100
x = - 50o C

A platinum wire is used as a resistance thermometer. The wire resistance was


found to be 10 ohm and 16 ohm at ice point and steam point respectively, and
30 ohm at sulphur boiling point of 444.6C. Find the resistance of the wire at
500C, if the resistance varies with temperature by the relation.

R = R0 (1 + t + t2 )

(Ans. 31.3 ohm)


Solution:

10 = R0 (1 + 0 + 02 )
16 = R0 (1 + 100 + 1002 )
30 = R0 (1 + 444.6 + 444.62 )
Solve R0 , & then
R = R0 (1 + 500 + 5002 )

Page 14 of 265

You might also like