Data & Trends of the

European Food
and Drink
Industry
2013-2014

Introduction
The 2013-2014 Data & Trends of the European food and drink industry
report provides a comprehensive picture of the structure and economics
of our industry, the largest manufacturing sector in the EU. The EU food
and drink industry is a pillar of the EU economy, outperforming a large
number of other EU manufacturing sectors. However, notwithstanding its
strong performance, notably during the current economic downturn, the EU
continues to lag behind its main trading partners on R&D investment and
export market share.
To nd out more about FoodDrinkEuropes proposal for an EU Industrial
Policy tailored to increase the competitiveness of the food and drink sector,
visit our website to download the 2013-2014 Competitiveness report.1

Table of Contents
Food and drink industry gures

EU single market

Contribution to the EU economy

Employment

SMEs

Sub-sectors

The national picture

R&D and innovation

10

Consumption

11

Food supply chain

12

Trust

13

World markets

This publication covers the whole European food and drink industry, which is identified by the
NACE rev2 codes C10 (food products) and C11 (drinks). For more information on classification
and on economic indicators definition, please visit http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/
page/portal/statistics/metadata.

(1) http://www.fooddrinkeurope.eu/S=0/publication/competitiveness-report-promoting-an-eu-industrial-policyfor-food-and-drink/.

FoodDrinkEurope DaTa & TrENDs 2013-2014

14

2012 trade figures

15

2012 trade figures by sub-sector

16

2013 trade trends

17

EU food and drink market share

18

Food and drink industries worldwide

19

Global trends in R&D

20

Future challenges

21

European and global ranking of food and drink companies

22

Glossary

24

Food and drink industry figures

Turnover

Employment

sMEs

1,048 billion

4.2 million people

51.6% of food and drink turnover

(3.1% compared to 2011)

(0.4% compared to 2011)

Largest manufacturing sector

in the EU (14.6%)

Leading employer in the EU (15.5%)

External Trade

Number of companies

Exports 86.2 billion

286,000

(13.2% compared to 2011)

Fragmented industry

64.3% of food and drink employment

Value
added
(% of EU GVA2)

1.8%1

Consumption
(% of household
expenditure on food
and drink)

14.6%

Imports 63.2 billion

(0.4% compared to 2011)

Trade balance 23 billion

Net exporter of food and drink products

EU market share
of global exports

r&D

16.1% (20.5% in 2002)

0.27%3

(% of food and drink industry output)

Shrinking share in world markets

(1) 2011 data

(2) For definition, see page 25
(3) 2010 data
Sources: Eurostat 2012 (SBS), UN COMTRADE, OECD

FoodDrinkEurope DaTa & TrENDs 2013-2014

EU single
market

The EU food and drink industry, 2011-2012

2011

2012

2012/2011
(%)

Turnover

billion

1,016

1,048

3.1

Value added

billion

206

Number of employees

million

4.22

4.24

0.4

Sources: Eurostat (SBS), FoodDrinkEurope calculations

Contribution to
the EU economy

Contribution of the EU food and drink industry to

the EU economy (% of gross value added)1

16.5

3.8
55.9

even in times of economic downturn.

37.2

produce above its 2008 output level.

n The turnover of the EU food and drink industry

surpasses 1 trillion. The sector generates

a value added of 206 billion.

Public services

Industry

Financial and real estate activities

Food and drink

manufacturing industry
Rest of manufacturing industry

Construction

1.8%
Contribution of the food and drink
industry to EU gross value added

56.9
9.6
9.4

8.7

1.7

Services and culture

11.6

8.8

13.7

n It is one of the very few manufacturing sectors to

12.5
12

19.3

n The industry remains stable, resilient and robust,

Share of value added in the

EU manufacturing industry (%)

14.6

1.8

19.2

The largest manufacturing sector in terms

of turnover, value added and employment

Share of turnover in the EU

manufacturing industry (%)

Food and drink products

Coke and petroleum products

Machinery and equipments

Automobile

Fabricated metal products

Others

Rest of industry

Agriculture

(1) For definition, see page 25

Source: Eurostat 2011 (SBS)

Production in the EU manufacturing industry, 2008-2013 (% change since 2008)

14.6%
Share of food and drink turnover in
manufacturing

12.5%
Share of food and drink value added
in manufacturing

15

Manufacturing

Food and drink products

-5

Pharmaceutical products

-15

Chemicals

-25

Machinery and equipment

-35

Automobile

-45

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Source: Eurostat (STS)

FoodDrinkEurope Data & Trends 2013-2014

Employment

share of employment in the EU manufacturing

industry (%)

Labour productivity1 ( 1,000)

Chemicals

Leading employer in the EU

15.5

n The EU food and drink industry is a key job

Fabricated metal products

11.7

n It is a direct employer of 4.24 million people

with jobs spread across all Member States,

mostly in rural areas.

Machinery and equipments

55.1

Machinery and equipment

Textile

Employment in the EU manufacturing industry,

2007-2012 (% change relative to 2010)

10

-5

FoodDrinkEurope DaTa & TrENDs 2013-2014

average number of persons employed

per company
Automobile

110

Chemicals

42

Machinery and equipment

30

Food products

16

Manufacturing

14

Fabricated metal products

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Automobile

Chemicals

Machinery and equipment

Food and drink products

Pharmaceutical products

Manufacturing

Sources: Eurostat (STS), FoodDrinkEurope calculations

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

(1) Value added per employee

Source: Eurostat 2011 (SBS)

(1) Source: Meeting the challenges of the labour market, EFFAT

and FoodDrinkEurope, 2013
(2) Source: Eurostat (Labour Force Survey 2012)

35
0

15

Average number of persons

employed per company

41

Source: Eurostat 2011 (SBS)

n More women work in the food and drink

16

43

Food products

Share of food and drink industry

employment in manufacturing

54

Fabricated metal products

Others

7.8

industry have a low level of qualifications1

(vs 21% in the overall economy).

15.5%

66

Manufacturing

n 30% of employees in the food and drink

industry compared to manufacturing as a

whole (43% and 30% respectively).

69

Automobile

9.9

n Labour productivity is lower than in most

manufacturing sectors. Potential reasons

include: reduced investment in recruitment,
machinery and technologies, and the large
number of companies operating with small
scale operations.

Automobile

Food and drink products

provider and a relatively stable employer.

95

Source: Eurostat 2011 (SBS)

sMEs

sMEs in the EU food and drink industry (%)

Key role of SMEs1

Microcompanies
(% in total)

small
companies
(10-19)
(% in total)

small
companies
(20-49)
(% in total)

Medium-sized
companies
(% in total)

Total sMEs
(% in total)

Turnover

8.2

5.2

9.7

28.5

51.6

Value added1

8.9

6.1

9.2

24.6

48.8

Number of employees

16.9

9.6

11.7

26

64.3

Number of companies

78.8

10.8

5.8

3.8

99.1

n The food and drink industry is a diversified

sector. It is characterised by a wide range of

company sizes with SMEs accounting for a
large share of the activity.
n For the first time in a decade, SMEs account

for more than 50% of the food and drink

industry turnover.

Turnover

524 billion

(1) 2010 data

51.6% of food and drink turnover

Value added2

99 billion

48.8% of food and drink value added

Focus on medium-sized
companies

Distribution of sMEs and large companies

in the EU food and drink industry (%)

Medium-sized companies contribute

29% to EU food and drink turnover
and employ 26% of EU food and drink
workforce while representing only 4%
of EU food and drink companies.

Turnover

Employees

2.9 million

64.3% of food and drink employment

Companies

Value added1
Number of employees
Number of companies

283,000

99.1% of food and drink companies

(1) 2010 data

20

40

60

80

100

n SMEs
n Large companies

(1) For definition, see page 25

(2) 2010 data
Sources: Eurostat 2011 (SBS), FoodDrinkEurope calculations
Sources: Eurostat 2011 (SBS), FoodDrinkEurope calculations

FoodDrinkEurope DaTa & TrENDs 2013-2014

sub-sectors

Turnover, value added, employees and companies in food and

drink industry sub-sectors (%)

Diverse food and drink industry

n The EU food and drink industry is diverse,

Value added

4 2

4 22

20

with a variety of sectors ranging from meat

processing to dairy production and drinks.
n The top 5 sub-sectors (bakery and

Turnover

19

16

11

14
14

14

18

Number of employees
3

Number of companies

1
3 2

30

32

Tea and coffee

13

11

Prepared meals and

dishes

10

16

Drinks
Dairy products

Sugar

10

Bakery and
farinaceous products

Others

37

37

100

100

Processed fruit
and vegetables

32

Oils and fats

8
54

8
14

Various food products

(1) This is a heterogeneous group which includes chocolate

and confectionery products, sugar, coffee and tea as well as
prepared meals and baby food.

Grain mill and

starch products
Fish products

13

21

Various food
products

Animal feeds

21
3 2

10

Share of the meat sector turnover

Cocoa, chocolate and

sugar confectionery
Meat products

n The labour productivity in sub-sectors like

20%

Number of
employees

20

drinks, animal feed and various food products

is higher than in manufacturing. This is linked
to the fact that these sub-sectors require
higher levels of investment.

Turnover

farinaceous products, meat sector, dairy

products, drinks and 'various food products'
category) represent 75% of the total turnover
and more than four fifths of the total number
of employees and companies.

Breakdown of the composition of the

'various food products' category1 (%)

Labour productivity1 ( 1,000)

80
70
60
50

32%
Share of employees working
in the bakery and farinaceous
products category

40
30
20
10
0

Animal
feeds

Drinks2

Various
food
products

(1) Value added per employee

(2) 2009 data for drinks; 2010 for oils and fats

FoodDrinkEurope DaTa & TrENDs 2013-2014

Oils
and
fats2

Grain
mill and
starch
products

Dairy
products

Processed
Fish
fruit
products
and
vegetables

Meat
products

Bakery
and
farinaceous
products
Source: Eurostat 2011 (SBS)

The national picture

Food and drink industry data as published by FoodDrinkEurope National Federations1, 2012
Employment
ranking in
manufacturing2

A key sector in the economies of EU

Member States
n The food and drink industry is a pillar of the EU

economy. The sector ranks among the top three

manufacturing industries in terms of turnover and
employment in several Member States. It ranks
first in France, Spain, the UK, Denmark and
Belgium.
n Germany, France, Italy, the UK and Spain are the

largest EU food and drink producers.

n The industry is an essential part of national

economies. The share of the food and drink

industry employment surpasses 15% in more than
half of the Member States.

#1 employer
The food and drink industry is the
biggest employer in manufacturing in
more than half of the Member States

650 billion
Share of turnover of the 5 largest EU
food and drink producing countries

Turnover

Value Added

Number of
employees

billion

billion

1,000

Number of
companies

Austria

19.2

4.8*

63

3,740

Belgium

47.5

6.8

89

4,768

Bulgaria

4.7

0.8*

96*

5,667

Cyprus

1.5*

0.4*

13*

845

Czech Republic

10.9

2.4

103

9,207

Denmark

26.2

54

1,600*

Estonia

1.6

0.3*

13

456

Finland

11

2.6

33

1,693

France

160.9

23.6

495

13,500

Germany

169.3

33.5

555

5,970

Greece

11.2

1.4*

65

1,180

Hungary

8.7

1.9

95

4,971

Ireland

22*

6.9*

43*

130

24

Italy

Latvia

1.6*

0.3*

25*

838

Lithuania

3.6*

0.6*

42*

1,327

Netherlands

66.6*

15

Poland

49.7*

Portugal

14.5

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

9*

386

689*

133

6,850

4,751

396*

14,330

2.9

110

10,500

10.7

2.2

184

8,355

3.8

0.7

29

210

0.4

13

617

Spain

90.2

26.8

440

29,196

Sweden

19.5

4.6

55

3,600

United Kingdom

114.1

29.7

406

7,766

(1) Or by Eurostat
(2) Ranking of the food and drink industry in the manufacturing sector in terms of employment
* 2011 data

FoodDrinkEurope Data & Trends 2013-2014

R&D and
innovation

Drivers of innovation in Europe,

2012-2013 (%)

Trends of food innovation in Europe

2012 2013

60
50

Consumer expectations driving

innovation

40

n Drivers of innovation can be divided

20

30

into 15 trends, grouped along five axes,

corresponding to general consumer
expectations: pleasure, health,
physical, convenience and ethics.

2012 2013

10
0

2012 2013

2012 2013
2012 2013

Ethics

Physical Convenience Health

Pleasure

n Pleasure, including variety of sense

and sophistication, is by far the leading

axis with a 57% share in 2013.
n Dairy products are the leaders in

innovation, followed by ready-made

meals which surpass soft drinks and
rank second in 2013.

Food innovation trends in Europe, 2013 (%)

The ten most innovative food sectors in Europe, 2012-2013

(% of total European food innovation)

Variety of sense

Dairy products

Sophistication
Easy to handle

Ready-made meals

Natural

Soft drinks

Medical

#1
Pleasure is the leading
driver of innovation

Savory frozen products

Fun
Slimness

Biscuits

Time saving
Meat, delicatessen, poultry

Exoticism
Nomadism

Appetizer grocery products

Energy, well-being

#1
Dairy products is the
most innovative food
sector in Europe

Chocolate products

Vegetal
Ecology

Cheeses

Solidarity

2013
2012

Condiments and sauces

Cosmetics
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

Source: XTC World Innovation Panorama 2013;

Copyright XTC 2013 (www.worldinnovation.com)

10

FoodDrinkEurope Data & Trends 2013-2014

Consumption

Top five consumption expenditures of

households on goods and services in the EU,
2012 (% of total expenditure)

Share of the top three household expenditures in the

EU, 2000-2012 (% of total expenditure)
15

Housing, water and energy

24.2

31

of their expenditure on food and drinks.

Food and drink products/Transports

n In 2012, households spent on average 14.6%

Food and drink products

Transport

n Food and drink products ranked second in the

consumption expenditure of households after

housing, water and energy.

Recreation and culture

14.6

Restaurants and hotels

8.5

n After slight variations during the economic

13

8.7

downturn, the share of food and drink expenditure

reached the same levels as in 2000.

Others

24
23

14

22
21
13

20
19

12

n Over the years, expenditure for housing, water

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

18

Transport
Food and drink products
Housing, water and energy

and energy continued to increase (+4% points

since 2000).

Household consumption expenditure in the EU for food and drink products, 20121 (% of total expenditure)
35
30

14.6%
Share of EU household expenditure
on food and drink products

25
20
15
10

Luxembourg

United Kingdom

Ireland

Austria

Denmark

Netherlands

Sweden

Germany

EU

Spain

Belgium

Cyprus

France

Italy

Finland

Malta

Slovenia

Greece

Portugal

Czech Republic

Slovakia

Poland

Hungary

Bulgaria

Latvia

Estonia

EU household expenditure on
food and drink products

Romania

1,000 billion

Lithuania

(1) Bulgaria and Greece: 2011; Romania: 2010; Lithuania: 2009

Source: Eurostat (National accounts)

FoodDrinkEurope Data & Trends 2013-2014

11

Housing, water and energy

Stable EU household expenditure for

food and drink products

25

Food supply chain

Driving forces in the food supply
chain: agriculture, the food and
drink industry and the distribution
sector
n In 2011, there were 24 million people

employed in the food supply chain.

n The total turnover surpasses 3.5 trillion and

generates a value added of approximately

650 billion.

structural overview of the food supply chain, 2011

agricultural
holding

Food and drink

industry

Wholesale of
agricultural and
food products

Food and drink

retail

Turnover

billion

392

1,016

1,100

1,110

Value added

billion

204

206

93

156

Number of employees

million

11.9

4.2

1.8

6.1

Number of companies

1,000

11,7571

286

250

839

(1) 2010 data

n 32 million professionals work in the

extensive food supply chain across the EU,

including food and drink services as well as
self-employed professionals.

Turnover, value added, employees and companies

in the food supply chain, 2011 (%)

100
Food and
drink retail

11%
Share of the food supply chain in
EU employment

80

Wholesale of
agricultural and
food products

60

Food and
drink industry
Agricultural
holding

40

6%

Employment in the extensive food supply chain,

including food and drink services, 2011

14%
are directly employed in the
food and drink industry

36%
are farmers

6%
are in the
wholesale sector

32 million
jobs in the
extensive food
supply chain

21%
are in the retail sector

23%
are in the food
and drink
services

20

Share of the food supply chain in

EU gross value added
0

Turnover

Value
added

Number of Number of
employees companies

Source: Eurostat, DG Agriculture Statistical and Economic Information Report, 2012

12

FoodDrinkEurope DaTa & TrENDs 2013-2014

Trust

Trust in the food and drink industry in

the EU, 2009-2014 (% of respondents
expressing trust)

Top 5 trusted industries in the EU, 2009-2014

(% of respondents expressing trust)

Trust is an essential element of

business. The trust index measures
the trust in business worldwide and in
the EU

45

Pharmaceuticals

2009

2014

2014/2009
(% points)

EU

56

57

+1

Global

56

66

+10

2014
2009
56

Consumer packaged goods

57

Food and drink

n In the EU, the food and drink industry is the

third most trusted industry, after technology and

automotive.

60

Automotive

n Since 2009, the trust index in the food and drink

industry grew by 10% points worldwide, while it

remained stable in the EU.

71

Technology

n Trust gaps between business and the food and

drink industry are particularly large in Spain

(27% points), the UK and France (25% points).

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90 100

Trust in business versus the food and drink industry in the EU and globally, 2014 (% of respondents expressing trust)
80
Business
70

Food and drink

60
50
40
30

#1
Trust in the food and drink industry is
higher than in business worldwide

20
10
0

Poland

Russia

France Germany

Spain

Global

Italy

China

USA

Brazil

UK

India

Source: Edelman Trustbarometer

FoodDrinkEurope Data & Trends 2013-2014

13

World
markets

Key EU trade figures ( million)

2009

2010/2009

2010

2011/2010

2011

2012/2011

2012

Export

53,731

21.5%

65,301

16.6%

76,150

13.2%

86,227

Import

50,781

9.3%

55,479

13.5%

62,974

0.4%

63,230

13,176

22,997

Balance
Source: Eurostat (Comext)

2,950

9,822

2012 trade figures

Top EU trading partners, 2011-2012 ( million)

Exports

Imports

2012

Record trade surplus of 23 billion

in 2012
n EU exports increased by 13.2% in 2012

compared to 2011, while imports remained

almost unchanged.
n Amongst the top ten export destinations, the

highest growth rates can be observed for EU

food and drink exports to China, Australia,
Saudi Arabia and Japan, with rates increasing
by 30%, 18%, 16% and 15% respectively.
n The strongest growth rates for food and drink

imports were observed in Russia, Ukraine and

Malaysia.

USA

12/11
%

7,959

Switzerland

4,900

China

4,595

Japan

4,265

Norway

2,886

Hong Kong

2,732

Canada

2,571

Australia

2,039

Saudi Arabia

1,953

2012

13%
10%
5%
30%
15%
6%
-2%

13%
18%
16%

13,580

Russia

Evolution of EU food and drink trade balance,

2002-2012 ( billion)

Brazil

7,358

Argentina

4,757

USA

4,318

Switzerland

3,904

China

3,845

Indonesia

3,196

Thailand

2,643

Turkey

2,273

Malaysia

2,114

Norway

2,029

12/11
%

5%
-12%

6%
10%
-5%

2%
-7%

7%
38%
3%

90

Imports

Positive trade balance

80
70
60
50
40
30
20

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

n NAFTA remains the EUs largest trading

partner by region, followed by EFTA and

Mercosur.

EU trade by region, 2012 ( million)

Exports

86.2 billion

EFTA: 7,996

Exports

Imports

EFTA: 6,888

CIS: 9,245
Balkans: 2,457
NAFTA: 16,943

63.2 billion

Imports

GCC: 4,418
Medit.
count.: 4,966

ASEAN: 5,117

NAFTA: 5,525

GCC: 117
Medit.
count.: 2,024

ACP: 9,130
Andean Group: 924
MERCOSUR: 1,544

CIS: 1,733

Balkans: 1,119

ASEAN: 9,598

ACP: 5,914
Andean Group: 2,035
MERCOSUR: 12,632

For trade region definitions, see page 25

Source: Eurostat (Comext)

FoodDrinkEurope DaTa & TrENDs 2013-2014

15

2012 trade figures

by sub-sector
Sustained export growth
n Export growth was strongest for oils and fats,

Exports and imports by sub-sector, 2011-2012 ( million)

Exports
2011

2012

22,325

25,706

spirits

8,475

10,176

wine

8,112

8,867

mineral waters and soft drinks

2,409

2,761

16,457

18,661

chocolate and confectionery

4,644

5,235

processed tea and coffee

1,940

2,111

Meat products

10,382

11,249

Dairy products

8,787

9,488

Fruit and vegetable products

4,377

4,981

Oils and fats

3,673

4,538

Drinks
of which:

spirits, prepared animal feeds, bakery and

farinaceous products.
n Regarding the ranking of EU food and drink

imports, the largest increase was recorded

for processed tea and coffee, mineral waters
and soft drinks, and oils and fats.
n The EU drinks, meat and dairy sectors

reached a combined export market share

of close to 50%.

30%
Export market share
of the drinks sector

Imports

Various food products

of which:

Prepared animal feeds

2,451

2,883

Bakery and farinaceous products

2,968

3,498

Fish and seafood products

2,970

3,419

Grain mill and starch products

2,614

2,828

12/11
%

15
20
9
15
13
13
9
8
8
14
24
18
18
15
8

2011

2012

4,682

4,907

1,134

1,219

2,400

2,491

771

883

9,881

10,053

2,354

2,091

1,588

1,919

7,110

6,975

769

816

7,564

7,739

15,544

17,343

734

682

540

570

15,649

15,733

1,550

1,547

12/11
%

5
7
4
15

2

-11
21

-2
6
2
12

-7
6
1
0

share of sub-sectors in EU food and drink exports, 2012 (%)

4%
4%

3% 3%

5%

50%

6%

Combined import market share of

oils and fats, and fishery products

11%

30%

13%

21%

Drinks

Oils and fats

Various food products

Bakery and farinaceous products

Meat products

Fish and seafood products

Dairy products

Prepared animal feeds

Fruit and vegetable products

Grain mill products and starch products

Source: Eurostat (Comext)

16

FoodDrinkEurope DaTa & TrENDs 2013-2014

2013 trade trends

Key EU trade figures, first semesters

2012 and 2013 ( million)
1st
1st 13/12
semester semester
%
2012
2013

strong export growth continued in 2013

n In the first half of 2013, EU exports increased

by 4% compared to the same period in

2012. The value of imports remained almost
unchanged.
n EU exports increased most rapidly for the

Exports to major trading

blocs, first semesters 2012
and 2013 ( billion)

Export

40,620

42,435

Import

30,890

31,203

9,730

11,231

Balance

Imports from major trading

blocs, first semesters 2012
and 2013 ( billion)

4%
-2%

10%

and confectionery, prepared meals and dishes,

and fish and seafood products.

-2%

ASEAN

1%
6

-4%

Balkans

9%

11%

CIS

n EU export growth was highest for chocolate

3%

EFTA

4%

-9%

MERCOSUR

7%

Balkans, the ASEAN, EFTA and Mercosur

trading blocs.

14%

Medit. region

7%

10

17%

NAFTA

7%

ACP

1st semester 2013

1st semester 2012

Source: Eurostat (Comext)

Top EU food and drink exports and imports, first semester 2013 ( million)
Exports

Imports

1st semester 2013

13/12
%

Meat and meat products

5,458

Dairy products

4,850

Spirits

4,644

Wine

4,161

18%

Processed fruit and vegetables

2,544

EU export growth for chocolate

and confectionery; first half of
2013 vs. 2012

Chocolate and confectionery

2,396

Oils and fats

2,291

Prepared meals and dishes

1,754

Fish and seafood products

1,689

Bakery and farinaceous products

1,625

1
1
6
2
6
18

2
9
9
3

42.4 billion
Export of EU food and drink
products; first half of 2013

1st semester 2013

13/12
%

Oils and fats

8,093

Fish and sea food products

7,462

Processed fruit and vegetables

3,672

Meat and meat products

3,534

Sugar

1,495

Wine

1,171

Chocolate and confectionery

1,058

Processed tea and coffee

1,006

-3
-2
-4
-4
25

2
5
13

16

10

Grain mill products and starches

862

Spirits

586

Source: Eurostat (Comext)

FoodDrinkEurope DaTa & TrENDs 2013-2014

17

EU food and drink

market share

EU shares in food and drink imports of BrIC1 economies and other key markets, 2007-2012
50

2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

40

Number one exporter of food and

drink products in the world

30

n The EU remains the leading exporter of

20

food and drink products despite its shrinking

market share in global food and drink trade.
A similar loss in market share was also
observed for other traditional exporters such
as the USA, Canada and Australia.

10
0

n Countries such as Brazil, Thailand,

Indonesia and India have been continuously

increasing their export market share in
recent years.
n The EU regained market share in a number

2012

Brazil

Russia

India

China

Top exporters of food and drink products, 2012

Exports
($ billion)

Share in world
2002 (%)

2012 (%)

Top importers of food and drink products, 2012

Trend

EU

98.7

20.5%

16.1%

USA

73.7

14.4%

12%

China

46.4

5.8%

7.6%

Brazil

45.8

5.4%

7.5%

Thailand

29.9

4.7%

4.9%

Indonesia

28.1

2.3%

4.6%

India

27.9

2.2%

4.5%

Argentina

26.8

3.7%

4.4%

14%

Malaysia

25.6

2.9%

4.2%

Canada

24.1

5.8%

3.9%

EU share in global food

and drink imports

New Zealand

18.8

3.1%

3.1%

EU share in global food

and drink exports

Japan

(1) Brazil, Russia, India and China

of traditional markets and future growth

prospects look favourable in Brazil, China,
Japan and in emerging countries.

16.1%

USA

Australia

17

4.3%

2.8%

Mexico

12

2.2%

2%

Turkey

9.6

1%

1.6%

Chile

9.6

1.7%

1.6%

Imports
($ billion)

Share in world
2002 (%)

2012 (%)

Trend

USA

89.7

20%

14.6%

EU

85.9

18.1%

14%

Japan

53.6

15.5%

8.7%

China

41.4

3.3%

6.8%

Russian
Federation

25.7

3.7%

4.2%

Canada

25.5

4.6%

4.2%

South Korea

16.6

3.3%

2.7%

Hong Kong

15.6

3%

2.5%

Mexico

15.1

3.3%

2.5%

India

13.2

1%

2.2%

Malaysia

11.7

1.2%

1.9%

Australia

11.4

1.5%

1.9%

Indonesia

9.6

0.9%

1.6%

Singapore

9.5

1.4%

1.5%

Thailand

9.1

1.3%

1.5%

Source: UN COMTRADE

18

FoodDrinkEurope DaTa & TrENDs 2013-2014

Food and drink

industries worldwide
Three leading producers: the EU, the
USA and China
n The EU plays a key role worldwide as a food and

drink producer. The turnover of the EU industry

is double the one of the USA and China.
n The contribution of food and drink processing

to total manufacturing turnover is strongest for

New Zealand (46%), Mexico (23%) and
Australia (22%).
n The EU continues to lag behind international

competitors like the USA and Switzerland in

terms of labour productivity.

Turnover, employees and companies in food and drink industries worldwide, 2011-2012
Turnover
( billion)

% of total
manufacturing
turnover

Number of
employees
(1,000)

Number of
companies

72

22

200

6,255

167

1,621

45,400

73

16

290

6,200

447

11

6,740

400,000

1,016

15

4,222

285,916

95

1,700

36,000

Japan1

202

10

1,455

Mexico

97

23

791

170,000

New Zealand

22

46

80

2,000

Russia2

72

19

1,300

56,200

42

200

478

15

1,524

Australia
Brazil
Canada
China
EU
India

South Korea

USA

(1) 2010
(2) 2009

#1
The EU is the leading food and
drink producer worldwide

Top 5 food and drink producers in terms of turnover,

2011-2012 ( billion)

Similar share of food and drink

industry turnover in manufacturing
in the EU and in the USA

2008

2011

11/08
%

Brazil

121

119

-2

EU

231

237

Japan

165
-

EU
USA1

15%

Global comparison of labour productivity1 for the food

industry, 2008-2012

China

Switzerland

Japan1

USA

Brazil
0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

352

158

-4

415

392

11

(1) Ratio of production value per person employed in $1,000 international PPPs
(2) 2010
(3) 2009

(1) 2010 data

Source: FoodDrinkEurope calculations, based on official national statistics

FoodDrinkEurope Data & Trends 2013-2014

19

Global trends
in r&D

Food and drink private investment in r&D as a percentage

of output, 2010 (%)

r&D private investment in the food and drink industry

for the world's top 2,000 companies, 2012

0.8
0.7

r&D
investment
( billion)

share of
world regions
(%)

Number of
companies

Sustained levels of R&D investment

0.6

USA

2.9

33.1

15

n The worlds top 61 leading food and drink

0.5

EU

2.3

26.7

17

0.4

Japan

1.8

20.8

23

0.3

Switzerland

1.4

16.1

0.2

New Zealand

0.2

1.9

0.1

South Korea

0.1

1.4

Total

8.7

100

61

companies collectively invested 8.7 billion

in R&D in 2012. Out of these 61 companies,
17 are based in the EU and invested
2.3 billion in 2012.
n Distribution of the 17 EU food and drink

companies: NL 5; The UK 4; DE 3; FR,

DK, FI, BE, IE 1.
n The EU food and drink industry has a lower

R&D investment level compared to other

food and drink industries worldwide.
n R&D investment levels vary within the

EU, with higher expenditures in Northern

countries.

0.0

EU131

Japan2

Korea

Norway

USA

Source: the 2013 EU industrial R&D investment scoreboard, JRC and DG RTD

(1) Data refer to 13 of the 27 Member States

(2) 2009 data
Sources: OECD STAN, FoodDrinkEurope calculations.

Food and drink private investment in r&D as a percentage of output in some EU Member states, 2009-2011 (%)
0.7

2009
2010

0.6

2011
0.5
0.4
0.3

0.27%

0.2

EU R&D investment as a share of

food and drink industry output

0.1
0.0

CZ

IT

AU

(1) Data refer to 13 of the 27 Member States

Sources: OECD STAN, FoodDrinkEurope calculations

20

FoodDrinkEurope DaTa & TrENDs 2013-2014

DE

FR

EU131

BE

DK

NL

FI

Future challenges

Challenges in 20501 (%): increase in

demand compared to baseline
2050

Baseline

Major changes worldwide

Food supplies

70%

2009

n The emerging markets will increasingly

Energy

50%

2005

Water

40%

2010

Freight transport

40%

2005

drive global growth.

n China is projected to surpass the Euro

area and the USA by 2030 and become the

largest economy in the world.

Share of global GDP1, 2011-2060 (%)

70

2011
2030

60

2060
50
40
30

(1) 2030: target year for water and freight transport

Sources: FAO, IEA and 2030 Water Resources Group

20

n By 2030, non-OECD countries will have

larger economies than the OECD ones

together.

10

n In 2010, the urban population surpassed the

rural one worldwide. In 2050, two thirds of

the world population will be living in cities.
n 65% of the worlds middle class will be

China

India

Japan

USA

Euro area

OECD

Non-OECD

(1) Based on 2005 purchasing power parities

Source: OECD

living in the Asia Pacific region by 2030.

n These changes will lead to increased

demand for food and drink products.

70%
Increase in demand for food
supplies by 2050

40%
Increase in demand for water
by 2030

Share of urban and rural population, 1950-2050 (billion)

Share of global middle class consumption, 2009-2030 (%)

10

100

80

60

40

20

1950

1970

1990
Urban

Source: UN

2010
Rural

2030

2050

2009

2020

2030

Middle East and North Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Asia Pacific

Central and South America

North America

Europe

Source: OECD

FoodDrinkEurope Data & Trends 2013-2014

21

Global and
European
ranking
of food
and drink
companies

The EU food and drink industry is comprised of large companies and a high
number of SMEs (the latter account for 99.1% of food and drink companies).
Large companies account for 48.4% of EU food and drink turnover, 51.2% of
value added and 35.7% of employment in the sector.

Global and European ranking of food and drink companies in 2012-2013

Ranking of global agri-food companies by global food and drink sales
Name

Headquarters

Sales
( billion)

Cargill

USA

Nestl
Archer Daniels Midland
Pepsico Inc.

USA

Bunge

BM

47.5

The Coca-Cola Company

USA

37.4

Anheuser-Busch InBev

BE

31

JBS

BR

Mondelez International
Tyson Foods Inc.
Unilever Plc/Unilever NV
Mars Inc.

Ranking of European agri-food companies by global food and drink sales

Main sectors

Name

Headquarters

106.2

multi-product

Nestl

CH

CH

74.9

multi-product

Anheuser-Busch InBev

BE

USA

69.3

cereal processing

Unilever Plc/Unilever NV

NL/UK

beverages, snacks

Groupe Danone

multi-product

Heineken N.V.

beverages
beer

30.3

USA
USA
NL/UK
USA

Cofco

CN

Groupe Danone

FR

Heineken N.V.

NL

Suntory Ltd.
SABMiller Plc
Lactalis
Kirin Brewery Company Ltd

Sales
( billion)

74.9
31

Main sectors

multi-product
beer

24.1

multi-product

FR

21.3

dairy, water, baby & med. nutrition

NL

18.4

beer

SABMiller Plc

UK

16.9

beer

Lactalis

FR

15.7

dairy

meat, dairy

Diageo Plc

UK

13.3

alcoholic beverages

26.6

dairy, snacks, beverages

Associated British Foods

UK

10.8

sugar, starch, prepared foods

25.9

meat

Friesland Campina

NL

10.3

dairy

24.1

multi-product

Vion

NL

9.5

23.5

prepared foods, confectionery

Carlsberg

DK

beer

22.5

multi-product

Arla Foods

DK

8.5

dairy

21.3

dairy, water, baby & med. nutrition

Pernod Ricard

FR

8.2

alcoholic beverages

18.4

beer

Ferrero

IT

8.1

confectionery

JP

18.1

alcoholic beverages

Sdzucker

DE

7.9

sugar, multi-product

UK

16.9

beer

Danish Crown

DK

7.6

meat

FR

15.7

dairy

Sofiprotol

FR

7.3

vegetable oils, multi-product

JP

15.5

beer, alcoholic beverages

Kerry Group

IE

5.8

multi-product

Asahi Breweries Ltd.

JP

15.4

beer, alcoholic beverages

Tereos

FR

sugar, multi-product

Kraft Foods Group

USA

14.3

multi-product

Oetker Group

DE

multi-product

Diageo Plc

UK

13.3

alcoholic beverages

Red Bull

AT

4.9

beverages

General Mills Inc.

USA

prepared foods

Mller

DE

4.7

dairy

Fonterra

NZ

12.5

dairy

Tnnies Fleisch

DE

4.7

meat

BRF - Brasil Foods

BR

11.4

meat, dairy, convenience food

DMK

DE

4.6

dairy

Kellogg Company

USA

11.1

breakfast cereals, convenience food

Bigard

FR

4.5

meat

51

13

meat, ingredients

Source: FoodDrinkEurope
Last announced food net sales: fiscal year ending in 2012 (31 December principally) or in 2013 (until 30 June). For consistency, figures have been converted to Euro with ECB bilateral annual exchange rates series, but only figures in the original
currency are relevant.

FoodDrinkEurope Data & Trends 2013-2014

23

Glossary

Glossary
Abbreviation of world regions
ACP: Africa, Caribbean and Pacific countries; Andean Group: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela;
ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Balkans: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia,
Montenegro, Serbia; CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan; EFTA: European Free Trade Area; GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, U.A. Emirates,
Oman, Saudi Arabia; Mercosur: Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay; NAFTA: Canada, USA, Mexico.

Gross value added (GVA)

The gross value added is the value of goods and services produced by a sector minus the cost of the raw materials and
other inputs used to produce them. GVA measures the contribution to the economy of each individual sector.

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)

For Eurostats Structural Business Statistics database: micro = less than 10; small = 10 to 49; medium-sized = 50 to 249;
large = more than 250 employees (The SBS size class data are solely based on the definition relating to the number of
employees and not on the turnover level).

FoodDrinkEurope Data & Trends 2013-2014

25

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Published by FoodDrinkEurope, May 2014