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Magnetic Sensor Overview

Honeywell manufactures magnetoresistive sensors that can detect changes in magnetic fields caused by ferromagnetic objects. These contactless sensors measure properties of magnetic fields like presence, magnitude, and direction. They are used in applications like traffic detection, navigation systems, and positioning systems. The sensors include discrete chips, a hybrid that provides analog outputs, and a smart digital magnetometer that directly outputs measurements to a computer. The sensors offer benefits like high sensitivity, low noise, temperature compensation, and ease of use.

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Madalina Gabriela Herisanu
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183 views

Magnetic Sensor Overview

Honeywell manufactures magnetoresistive sensors that can detect changes in magnetic fields caused by ferromagnetic objects. These contactless sensors measure properties of magnetic fields like presence, magnitude, and direction. They are used in applications like traffic detection, navigation systems, and positioning systems. The sensors include discrete chips, a hybrid that provides analog outputs, and a smart digital magnetometer that directly outputs measurements to a computer. The sensors offer benefits like high sensitivity, low noise, temperature compensation, and ease of use.

Uploaded by

Madalina Gabriela Herisanu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Magnetic Sensor Products

HMC / HMR Series

Honeywells magnetoresistive sensors can determine the change in earths magnetic


field due to the presence of a ferromagnetic object or position within earths magnetic
field. The high bandwidth allows detection of vehicles and other ferrous objects at high
speeds. The sensors are contactless and the working distance is dependent on the
ferromagnetic mass it is measuring.

Used To Measure

Application Areas

Presence of a magnetic field

Compassing

Magnitude of a magnetic field

Traffic Detection

Direction of a magnetic field

Navigation Systems

Change in magnetic field due to presence of a


ferromagnetic object

Virtual Reality

Earths field for navigation and compassing


Current flow

Laboratory Instruments
Medical Instruments
Mineral Prospecting
Food Processing
Agricultural Equipment
Underground Boring Equipment
Position Sensing

Solid State Electronics Center 12001 State Highway 55, Plymouth, MN 55441 (800) 323-8295 http://www.ssec.honeywell.com

What is a Magnetoresistive Sensor?

Metal Contact
Current
Flow

Permalloy Thin
Film
(NiFe)

Applied Field

Figure 1. Principle of operation for MR sensors.

Bias field

R
+

h
Applied field H

-
R

Vb

+
R

-
R

Vout

Vout =

( RR ) V

Anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) occurs in ferrous materials. It


is a change in resistance when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the current flow in a thin strip of ferrous material (Figure 1).
The transducer is in the form of a Wheatstone bridge (Figure 2). The
resistance, R, of all four magnetoresistors is the same. The bridge
supply, Vb, causes current to flow through the resistors. A crossed
applied field, H, causes the magnetization in two of the oppositely
placed resistors to rotate towards the current, resulting in an increase
in the resistance, R. In the remaining two oppositely-placed resistors
magnetization rotates away from the current resulting in a decrease in
the resistance, R. In the linear range the output becomes proportional
to applied field V=S H Vb. The range of linearity of the transfer
function is inversely proportional to the sensitivity. For Honeywells
MR sensors the sensitivity is typically 3 mV/(V/Oe) and the range of
linearity is within 2 Oe.

Figure 2. Magnetoresistive transducers.

Magnetoresistive Sensing Element


Honeywells magnetoresistive sensing elements (Figure 3), are made
of NiFe thin films deposited onto a silicon substrate forming a Wheatstone resistor bridge. Patented on-chip current straps are included,
which can be used to electrically set or reset the polarity of the
output and for applying an offset field to compensate for ambient
magnetic fields.

Magnetic field sensing bridge

Aluminum offsetting field strap

Magnetic thin film

Compensation for ambient


magnetic fields

nickel-iron (permalloy)
4-legged Wheatstone bridge

Calibration

Self-biasing

Closed loop operation

(barber pole pattern)

Aluminum set/reset strap


Reset after upset field
Polarity set

Figure 3. Magnetoresistive sensing element.

Honeywell offers the most sensitive magnetoresistive (MR) sensors within the earths magnetic field range. The
Honeywell MR sensors measure magnetic fields in the tens of Gauss range for sensitive applications that Hall effect
sensors cannot handle. Due to their small size and ability to withstand rugged applications, these sensors are often
used to replace flux gate sensors. The MR sensors product family includes:
HMC1001/2Discrete Sensors for low cost applications
HMC2003Hybrid for easy-to-use analog output applications
HMR2300Smart digital magnetometer for high performance and easy-to-use, end user applications.

30

Features and Benefits

25
20
15

Output (mVolts)

10
5
0
-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-5

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

-10
-15
-20

Honeywells magnetic sensors provide an easy-to-use, high performance, high reliability solution. Honeywells sensors provide the following
advantages:

-25
-30

Field (Gauss)

Figure 4. Sensitivity of HMC1001/1002

High SensitivityThis provides a linear, highly sensitive output at a low


field range. It allows the sensor to be a long distance from the item
being sensed, dependent on its ferromagnetic mass, or accurately
measures changes, relative to the earths field (Figure 4).

Noise Density (Gauss/sqrt. Hz)

Low NoiseProvides high resolution leading to fast response and stable


reading with less jitter than alternate technologies. Filters are not
needed, thus reducing board level costs (Figure 5).
100.00

10.00

1.00

0.1

10

0.10
1000

100

Frequency (Hz)

Automatically CalibratedUse of the offset strap can eliminate the


need for trimming. Manufacturing costs can be reduced.
On-Chip Integrated StrapsTo maximize the resolution of a magnetic
sensor, a technique for flipping the film magnetization is usedset/
reset and offset. Honeywells patented on-chip current straps are
used to set/reset the film. This eliminates the need for external coils
wrapped around the sensors, reducing manufacturing costs.

Figure 5. Noise data of HMC 1001/1002


Easy to MountHMC1001/HMC1002 components can easily be
mounted onto a printed circuit board. Honeywells two-axis component includes two sensors in a 20-pin SOIC package. The one-axis
component is packaged in an 8-pin modified SIP. When placed next
to the two-axis sensor, it can be used for three-axis sensing on one
circuit board.
30

Easy to UseThe HMR2300 magnetometer interfaces directly to a PC


serial port with easy-to-use demonstration software.

20
10
-2

-1

-10

Field (Gauss)

-20

constant
current
excitation

-40C
+85C

-30

Temperature CompensatedTo reduce effects of temperature inherent


to magnetoresistive devices, the hybrid and magnetometer include
electronics that compensate for temperature effects (Figure 6).

Output Voltage (mVolts)

High ReliabilityTotally solid state.


Figure 6. Temperature effects of HMC2003

General Specifications
HMC1001/1002
Honeywells single- and dual-axis chip set, the HMC1001 and 1002, offer
low cost and small size for high volume OEM applications. The sensitivity
of these components is unsurpassed for their size and versatility. They
are designed to work together to provide full three-axis (x, y, z) capability
or alone for one- and two-axis sensing.

Sensitivity .................................... 3mV/V/Gauss


Field Resolution .......................... 40 Gauss
Field Range ................................. 2 Gauss
Linearity ...................................... 0.5-1% full scale
Output Voltage ............................ 15 mV/Gauss
Bandwidth ................................... over 1MHertz

The HMC1001/2 provide the basic MR bridge circuit(s) that sense magnetic fields and convert it to a differential output voltage. In addition to the
MR bridge, there are two straps, OFFSET and SET/RESET, that can be
electrically driven to couple a magnetic field onto the sensor bridge.
These patented straps eliminate the need for external coils as required
for other MR sensors.

HMC2003
The HMC2003 is a three-axis magnetic sensor hybrid built using a
HMC1001 and HMC1002 magnetic sensor. This device includes instrumentation grade amplifiers which provide three analog 0.5 to 4.5 volt
outputs. The hybrid has a temperature compensation circuit to maintain
bridge sensitivity. The magnetic sensor is sensitive to fields along the
length, width and height (x, y and z axis) of the 20-pin dual-in-line package. The small size, 1" x 0.75" allows insertion into system level boards.
Sensitivity ..................................... 1V/Gauss
Field Resolution ........................... 40 Gauss
Field Range .................................. 2 Gauss
Linearity ....................................... 0.5 -1% full Scale
Output Voltage ............................. 2.5 2 Volts
Bandwidth .................................... 1 KHertz

HMR2300
The HMR2300 is a three-axis smart digital magnetometer that detects
the strength and direction of a magnetic field and communicates the x, y,
and z component directly to a computer. The magnetic field is converted
to three 16-bit values using the magnetic sensor hybrid, HMC2003,
three 16-bit A/D converters and a microprocesssor. The data is serially
output at a rate of 10 to 154 Hertz using either the RS-232 or RS-485
standard at either 9600 or 19,200 baud. A command set is provided to
configure the data sample rate, the output format, averaging and zero
offset. An on board EEPROM stores any configuration changes for the
next time power-up.

Field Resolution .......................... 70 Gauss


Field Range ................................. 2 Gauss
Accuracy ..................................... 1% full scale
Digital Output .............................. RS232 or RS485
Output Rate ................................. 10 to 154 samples/second

Data sheets and application notes are available on all of these Honeywell products.
Visit our web site at http://www.ssec.honeywell.com or call 1-800-323-8295.
Ordering Information
Customer Service Representative
612-954-2888 fax: 612-954-2582
Internet: [email protected]
Solid State Electronics Center
Honeywell Inc.
12001 State Highway 55
Plymouth, MN 55441
10/96 900187

Helping You Control Your World

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