Q Chess Training Guide K

for Parents and Teachers

Created by

Grandmaster Susan Polgar

President and Founder of the Susan Polgar Foundation
Director of SPICE (Susan Polgar Institute for Chess Excellence) at Webster University
FIDE Senior Chess Trainer
Winner of 4 Womens World Chess Championships
The only World Champion in history to win the Triple-Crown (Blitz, Rapid and Classical)
10 Olympic Medals (5 Gold, 4 Silver, 1 Bronze)
2006 Womens World Chess Cup Champion
3-time US Open Blitz Champion (2003, 2005, 2006)
Ranked #1 in the world at age 15 and in the top 3 for more than 24 consecutive years
Currently the highest rated female player in the United States
1st woman in history to qualify for the Mens World Championship cycle
1st woman in history to earn the Grandmaster title through tournament play
1st woman in history to coach a Men's Division I team to back to back National Championships
1st woman in history to coach a #1 ranked Men's Division I team in the nation

pnlrqk KQRLNP

WWW.CHESSDAILYNEWS.COM
WWW.TWITTER.COM/SUSANPOLGAR
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/POLGARCHESS
WWW.WEBSTERCHESS.COM
WWW.SUSANPOLGAR.COM
WWW.SUSANPOLGARFOUNDATION.ORG
WWW.CHESSMATERIALS.COM
Some of the artworks provided by Mike Magnan

SPF Chess Training Program for Teachers

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8/29/2012

Lesson 1
Lesson goals:

Excite kids about the fun game of chess

Relate the cool history of chess
Incorporate chess with education: Learning about India and Persia
Incorporate chess with education: Learning about the chess board and its coordinates

Who invented chess and why?

Talk about India / Persia connects to Geography
Tell the story of seed.
There can be possible homework relating to India and Persia. Do online search or lesson in class. What
are the countries called today (which used to be called Persia)? What is the population of India? Which
countries border India? What is the official language of India? Etc.
Introduce The Chess Board

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+ +&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+ +"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
How many squares (64)? How many White / Black squares (32 each)?
What are Ranks (1-8), Files (a-h), Diagonals, Kingside, Queenside, etc.
The horizontal lines going up (1-8) are called Ranks, and the vertical lines from left to right (a-h) are
referred to as Files. Diagonals are rows of squares of the same color slanting across the board. There are
many diagonals on the chessboard. The side with the letters a through d is called Queenside and e-h
called Kingside.
Practice Names of squares. Find a1, c4, g6 and so on.
Stress how chess can be used in the childrens everyday life, such as reading a map. (Geography)

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Lesson 2
Lesson goals:

Introduce the Pawn

How the Pawn moves
How the Pawn captures
What is Pawn promotion?
What is the scoring system in chess?

The Pawn - Value = 1 Point each.

There are eight Pawns for each side.
This is how we set them upon the 2nd and 7th rank

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+ +(
7zppzppzppzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPPzPPzPPzP"
1+-+-+-+ !
xabcdefghy
Here are the rules about Pawn moves:
Pawns move straight ahead one square at the time. However, in any chess game, each Pawn can move
forward (jump) two squares once from its initial position. If a Pawn is still in its starting position it can
choose to move one or two squares up. Once it has moved (one or two squares), that Pawn can only
advance one square up at the time.
Pawns, unlike other chess pieces, capture differently than they move. The Pawn moves forward but
captures diagonally.
Pawns are the only pieces which do not move backwards!
The Pawn is the only piece which can promote (become another piece). It can become any piece except a
King. Once a Pawn reaches the last rank, the Pawn cannot remain a Pawn. It must become another piece
such as Queen, Rook, Bishop or Knight. The Pawn usually promotes to a Queen as it is the most valuable
piece in chess.
Play the Pawn War (without Kings!) game. The goal is to get across to the other side of the board and promote. The one who promotes first wins!
What is the scoring system in chess? Math
1 point for win
point for draw
0 for loss
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At the end of the lesson show the basic pawn breakthrough with symmetrical Pawns.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7zppzp-+-+-'
6-+-+-+ +&
5zPPzP-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+ +"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
Solution: 1.b6! The only move which wins! If then 1axb6 2.c6! bxc6 3.a6 or 1cxb6 2.a6! bxa6 3.c6.
If it is Black to move the only correct defense is 1b6! On the other hand, 1c6 loses to 2.a6! or 1a6
loses to 2.c6!

Pp

SPF Chess Training Program for Teachers

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Lesson 3
Lesson goals:

How to use your Pawns more effectively

The Break through in Pawn endgames
Introduce a special En passant rule
Relate to France / French culture

The importance of passed Pawns and how to create them!

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7zp-+p+-+-'
6-+-zP-+ +&
5+-zP-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+ +"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In the position above, White can sacrifice a Pawn to create a passed Pawn and promote it. Solution: 1.c6
and after Black answers with 1dxc6 2.d7 and the Pawn promotes on the next move.
In the position below

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+pzp-+-'
6-+p+-+ +&
5+-+-zP-+-%
4-+-zP-zP-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+ +"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
White should continue with f4-f5, followed by f5-f6 creating a passed Pawn.
The En passant rule: When any Pawn moves two spaces up from its initial position, it may need to
worry about an unexpected danger. En passant is a French expression used in chess. It means In
Passing.

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Lets see an example:

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+p+-+-'
6-+-+-+ +&
5+-zP-zP-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+ +"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In the position above after Black plays 1d7-d5

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+ +&
5+-zPpzP-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+ +"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
White can capture with either the e5 or c5 Pawn by moving it to d6 and removing Blacks Pawn on d5
from the board, as shown in the diagram below.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-zP-+ +&
5+-zP-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+ +"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-zP-+ +&
5+-+-zP-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+ +"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy

Remember en passant can only be done immediately after the opponents Pawn moved two squares up
or this special right is lost.
Practice more Pawn wars while using the en passant rule as well!
The French connection lesson: Look for a couple of French related words, cities, food, etc.
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Lesson 4
Lesson goals:

Introducing the Rook

The value of the Rook
How the Rook moves and captures
How the Rook can/should fight against Pawns

Introduce the Rook. Each side has two Rooks. Their starting positions are a1 and h1 for White and a8 and
h8 for Black.
What does a Rook look like? A tower or castle
Value = 5 Points or equivalent to 5 Pawns
The Rook moves on tracks like a train. Always in straight lines, up, down, left, or right.
See examples of how to capture 8 Pawns (with no other pieces on the board, only White moves) with the
Rook.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7zppzppzppzpp'
6-+ +-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+ +-+-+"
1+-+-+-+R!
xabcdefghy
Solution: The Rook can capture all the Black Pawns, in the following order: h7, g7, f7, e7, d7, c7, b7 and
a7. Here is another example:

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+p+p'
6p+-zp-+ +&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-zp-zp-+$
3+p+-+-+p#
2-+-+-+ +"
1tR-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
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Solution: The Rook can capture all the Black Pawns in the following order: a6, d6, d4, f4, f7, h7, h3 and
b3.
You can find many further examples in the Chess Mazes book.
See examples, when Rook versus Pawns, both sides are making moves.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+p+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+ +&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+ +"
1+-+-+-+R!
xabcdefghy
Which is the fastest way to capture the Black Pawn? 1.Rb1 then Rxb7
In the next position, White has to play accurately to make sure neither Black Pawn will promote.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+ +&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-zp-+-+$
3+-+-zp-+-#
2-+-+-+ +"
1tR-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
Here it would be wrong to attack the d4 Pawn with 1.Rd1 because after 1e2 2.Re1 d3 one of the Black
Pawns will promote. The correct answer is 1.Re1! and Black soon will lose both of the Pawns. For
example: 1d3 2.Rxe3 d2 3.Rd3.

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Let the students play games from this position:

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-zppzppzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+ +$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+ +"
1tR-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
Play up to 20 moves. If by then white hasnt captured all of Blacks Pawns or Black hasnt promoted any
of the Pawns call it a draw.

Rr

SPF Chess Training Program for Teachers

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Lesson 5
Lesson goals:

How a Rook can best help (or fight against) a Pawn

Introduce the Bishop
How the Bishop moves and captures
Compare the values of the Pawn, Bishop and the Rook

Here is a basic Rook and Pawn versus Rook endgame principle: usually a Rook is better behind a Pawn
whether it is your own or your opponents Pawn. See examples:

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-tr(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+ zP$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+ +"
1+-+R+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In the position above, the White Rook should defend the Pawn on h4 from h1. (Defending from d4 makes
no progress as Black would simply make waiting moves with the Rook along the h file) Then, after
1Rh5 (which tries to prevent to Pawn from advancing), White makes a waiting move 2.Rh2 or
2.Rh3. After that the Black Rook must move away from h5, allowing Whites Pawn to advance. For
example: 2Rh8 3.h5 Rh6 4.Rh2 Rh8 5.h6 Rh7 6.Rh1 Rh8 7.h7.
On the other hand if the Rook of the defensive side is behind the Pawn, the Pawn cannot reach the
promotion square successfully. Lets reverse the color of the Rooks from our last example.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-tR(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+ zP$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+ +"
1+-+r+-+-!
xabcdefghy
Here Black can hold up Whites Pawn by playing 1Rh1 and simply making moves along the h file. (By
the way 1Rd4 2.h5 Rd5 3.h6 Rd6 4.h7 Rd7 also works in this case.)
Of course it is important to stress that these are basic training examples, no other pieces on the board.
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Introduce the Bishop. Each side has two Bishops. Their starting positions are c1 and f1 for White and c8
and f8 for Black.
What does the Bishop look like? Show several Bishops from various sets. The slit symbolizes the twopointed hat that Catholic Bishops wear.
Value = 3 Points or equivalent to 3 Pawns
The Bishop moves only on diagonals consisting of the same color squares as the Bishop is on. It can
never move to a different color square than where it starts at the beginning of the game.
Show examples of how to capture 8 Pawns (with no other pieces on the board, only White moves) with
the Bishop.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+p+-'
6-+p+p+-+&
5+-+-+-+p%
4p+p+-+-+$
3+-+-+p+ #
2p+L+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+ !
xabcdefghy
Solution: The Bishop can capture all of Blacks Pawns (assuming that only White moves), in the
following order: a4, c6, f3, h5, f7, e6, c4 and a2.
You can use the Chess Mazes book for further examples.
Play a few games 2 Bishops vs. 2 Rooks, each starting in their regular starting positions. If within 15
moves neither side won any piece its a draw. Whoever captures a piece wins the game. If one side wins a
Bishop but on the next move the other side can capture a Rook, the side winning the Rook wins (as it is a
more valuable piece).
Do math exercises. What is worth more? 1 Rook or 2 Bishops? 7 Pawns or a Rook? etc.

Ll
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Lesson 6
Lesson goals:

How can the Bishop be used effectively against Pawns

Introducing the Queen
The value of the Queen
How the Queen moves and captures

All Pawns can be blocked if they are on the same diagonal see example.

XABCDEFGHY
8-vl-+-+-+(
7+P+-+-+-'
6-+P+-+-+&
5+-+P+-+-%
4-+-+P+-+$
3+-+-+P+-#
2-+-+ + +"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In the above position, the Black Bishop effectively blocks the road of all the White Pawns.
Again without Kings on the Board, play games of a Bishop versus 3 Pawns (from the position you see
below) to get a better feel of the Bishops powers and limitations.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+pzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+ #
2-+-+-vL-+"
1+-+-+-+ !
xabcdefghy
If one of the Pawns promotes, thats a win, also if one side loses the Bishop thats a loss. If all the Pawns
are lost, the side with the Bishop wins.
After experimenting in the classroom show the correct method of play:
White can hold up all three Pawns and eventually capture them. But only if White finds the correct plan
starting with 1.Bc5!, followed by 2.Bf8. For example: 1h5 2.Bf8 g5 3.Be7 g4 4.Bh4 f5 5.Bg3. Now
Black starts losing the Pawns 5h4 6.Bxh4 f4 7.Bg5 f3 8.Bh4.

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However, attacking the Pawn from d4 would not serve the same purpose: 1.Bd4 f6! 2.Bc5 h5 3.Bf8 h4
4.Bxg7 h3 5.Bxf6 and after 5h2 the Pawn cannot be caught.
Introduce the Queen. Each side has one Queen. Their starting positions are d1 for White and d8 for
Black.
What does the Queen look like?
Value = 9 Points or equivalent to 9 Pawns / 2 Bishops and 3 Pawns / 2 Bishops and 1 Knight / 2 Knights
and 1 Bishop / 1 Bishop or 1 Knight and 6 Pawns, etc.
The Queen moves on files, ranks and diagonals. It is like a combination of a Rook and Bishop.
Show examples of how to capture 8 Pawns (with no other pieces on the board, only the side with the
Queen moves) with the Queen.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-zp-+-+-'
6-+-+pzp-+&
5zp-+-+-+p%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-zp-zp #
2-zp-+-+-+"
1+-+Q+-+ !
xabcdefghy
The following is the correct order of captures: h5, a5, c7, g3, e3, e6, f6 and b2.

Qq

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Lesson 7
Lesson goals:

How can the Queen can be used effectively against Pawns

The 8 Queens Puzzle on an empty board
Compare the value of the Queen to other pieces

Practice more examples of Queen fighting against the Pawns. Play out Queen versus 8 Pawns in their
starting position. The easier example would be White to move first. To make it a little more challenging,
let Black moves first.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7zppzppzppzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+ +-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+ +"
1+-+Q+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In this position, White should win against the eight Pawns because none of the Black Pawns are
advanced.
The more advanced the Pawns are (meaning the closer to the promotion square they are) the more
dangerous they are.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+ +-'
6-+Q+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+ +$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+p+-+p+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In this position, even though the Black Pawns are only one square away from promotion, they can be
stopped by 1.Qc5!

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XABCDEFGHY
8Q+-+-+-+(
7+-+ + +-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+p+-+-zp-#
2p+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In this position, Black has three far advanced Pawns. By giving one up on the Kingside with 1g2, Black
will have at least one of the three Pawns reach the promotion square.
Play Queen versus 2 Bishops game (no other pieces on the board). Black would move first here. Play 15
moves. If neither side captures any piece its a draw.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+l+-vl-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+ +-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+ +"
1+-+Q+-+-!
xabcdefghy
Try to place 8 Queens on an empty board in a way that none of them can connect to other. In other word,
you must place 8 Queens in such a way that none of them is in the path of another - horizontally,
vertically, or diagonally.
Here is one of the many solutions: Queens on a8, b2, c4, d1, e7, f5, g3, h6.
Here is a place on the web to exercise it.
http://www.pen.k12.va.us/Div/Winchester/jhhs/math/puzzles/games/queens/queens.html

SPF Chess Training Program for Teachers

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Lesson 8
Lesson goals:

Introduce the Knight.

How does the Knight move and capture
The Knight Tour
The Knights value compared to the other pieces

What does the Knight look like?

Value = 3 Points or equivalent to 3 Pawns or 1 Bishop
Its also commonly referred to as horse or horsy. The Knight is the only piece which can jump over
another piece. The Knight always alternates jumping from light to dark squares and then again dark to
light and so on. It jumps in an L-shape.
Show examples of how to capture 8 Pawns (with no other pieces on the board, only the side with the
Knight moves) with the Knight.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-zp-+-+-'
6-+-+p+-+&
5+p+-+-+p%
4-+-+pzp +$
3zp-+-+-zp-#
2-+-+-+ +"
1+N+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
Solution: The Knight will capture all of Blacks Pawns (assuming that only White moves), in the
following order: a3, b5, c7, e6, f4, h5, g3 and e4.
Show how a centralized Knight (in the middle of the board) has so many more choices of moves (8) than
one in the corner (2).

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+++-+&
5++-++-%
4-+-sN-+ +$
3++-++-#
2-+++ +"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
SPF Chess Training Program for Teachers

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+ +$
3++-+-+-#
2-++-+ +"
1sN-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
Page 16

8/29/2012

Try to jump with the Knight from one square to another covering all 64 squares on the chess board,
landing only once on each square. Here is one of the countless solutions to the Knight tour. The Knight
starts at square #1 and ends at #64. Here is a wonderful link to practice it:
http://www.worle.com/chess/index.html

If you are really interested to learn more about this fascinating subject read this:
http://www.chessbase.com/columns/column.asp?pid=163

Nn

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Lesson 9
Lesson goals:

Summarize the value of all the pieces

Introduce the King
How does the King move and capture
What is one of the goals in chess: Checkmate!
What is the difference between check and checkmate

Pawn = 1
Knight = 3
Bishop = 3
Rook = 5
Queen = 9

Summarize of the value of all the pieces.

Practice capturing. Play Market. Capture the more valuable piece.

Last but not least, introduce the King.

It is a slow piece and can only move one square at a time. However, it can move in any direction.
Play games with only the two Kings on the board. Whoever reaches the other end of the board first (1st/8th
rank) wins.
Goal of a chess game: Checkmate! Explain the difference between check and checkmate.
Show a sample checkmate with each piece.
Lets start with the Queen.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-mk-+(
7+-wQ-+-+-'
6-+-+-mK-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In the position above White can checkmate in four different ways. 1.Qb8, 1.Qc8, 1.Qd8 or 1.Qf7. Also
point out where White can check: 1.Qd6, 1.Qc5, 1.Qe7 and 1.Qg7.
Explain after each check where would the Black King escape.

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Now lets see how the Rook and the Bishop checkmate:

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-tR-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+K+k#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-vL-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+L+-+-#
2-+-+-mK-+"
1+-+-+-+k!
xabcdefghy

The Rook checkmates on h5 and the Bishop on e4.

And finally lets see a Knight and a Pawn checkmate.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+rmk(
7+-+-+-zpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-sN-+-%
4-+-+-+-mK$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+lmk(
7+-+-+-+p'
6-+-+-+PmK&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy

The Knight checkmates on f7 (which is called as smothered mate) and the Pawn checkmates on g7.
The number one requirement to give checkmate is to attack the opponents King with one of our pieces. It
can be any piece except our own King. A King can never ever directly attack the enemy King. The second
requirement is and this is the one which differentiates a check from a checkmate to make sure the
King has no escape.

Kk
Lets see now some situations when it is almost checkmate but not quite.
In the next position, Black is in check but not checkmate.

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XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-mk(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+-wQ&
5+-+-+K+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
The Black King can move out of the check to g8.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-mk(
7wq-+-+-wQ-'
6-+-+-mK-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
Is Black checkmated in the above position? No, because the Black Queen can take the White Queen.
And here is an example when the check will be blocked by another piece interposing.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-mk(
7+-+-+K+-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-tR$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+l+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
The Black King is in check and cannot escape. The White Rook cannot be captured either. Is it a
checkmate? No, because the Black Bishop can block the check on h7.
So, it is checkmate when the enemy King is under a direct attack and: 1. The King has no safe square to
move to 2. It is not possible to block the check 3. It is not possible to capture the piece that is checking the
King.
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Lesson 10
Lesson goals:

How to checkmate in one move

What is stalemate?
Differentiate check, checkmate and stalemate

Practice checkmates in one move.

XABCDEFGHY
8q+-+-+k+(
7+-+-+p+p'
6-+-zpp+pzP&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-wQP+-+-#
2-+-+-zP-+"
1+-+-+-mK-!
xabcdefghy

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+rmk(
7+-+-+pzp-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4R+-+-+-+$
3+-+-zP-+-#
2-+-+-mK-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy

(1.Qg7)

(1.Rh4)

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+k+(
7+-+-+p+p'
6-+-zpp+pzP&
5+-+-wq-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-wQP+-+-#
2-+-+-zP-+"
1+-+-+-mK-!
xabcdefghy

XABCDEFGHY
8-mk-+r+-+(
7+-zp-+-+-'
6-zp-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4Q+-+-+-+$
3tR-+-+-+-#
2-+P+q+-+"
1+K+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy

(1.Qc8)

(1.Qa8)

Introduce Stalemate.
A stalemate happens when it is a players move, his or her King is not in check, yet no legal move can be
made. When stalemate occurs, the game results in a draw, meaning each player gets half a point. That can
be very disappointing for the side which has a big advantage. Make sure you do your best to avoid
stalemate when you are in a winning position.

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Here are some examples.

In the four positions below, it is Blacks turn. They are stalemate positions.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+k+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-mK-wQ&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-mk-+(
7+-+-+P+-'
6-+-+-mK-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+K+-'
6-+-+-+-mk&
5+R+-+-+-%
4p+-+-+-+$
3zP-+L+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
XABCDEFGHY
8k+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6PmKN+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy

But the following positions are not stalemate, even though the Black King has no legal moves because the
Pawn can move.

XABCDEFGHY
8k+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6PmKN+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+p%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy

SPF Chess Training Program for Teachers

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+K+-'
6-+-+-+-mk&
5+R+-+-+-%
4p+-+-+-+$
3+-+L+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy

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Lesson 11
Lesson goals:

How to checkmate with King and Queen versus a lone King

Do test on differentiating between check, checkmate and stalemate.

Test for Lesson 11

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-mk-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+K+-+&
5+-+-+-+Q%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
White to move. Show two ways White can checkmate. Show four ways that give check. Which one of the
checks would be a big mistake? Show a move that would end the game in stalemate instantly and
therefore should be avoided.
Learn to checkmate with K+Q versus K with no other pieces on the board.
There is one very important fact that we need to know about endgames with only K+Q versus K on the
board: The King can only be checkmated at the edge of the board, namely ether on the a or h file or being
on the 1st or 8th rank. Naturally if there is even one single other piece on the board for either side this is
not the case.
Here is the game plan:
1) Force the King to the edge of the board
2) Cut it off and making sure it stays there
3) Bring the King to help
4) Checkmate!

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Now let's see it in practice:

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-wQ(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+k+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1mK-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
The Black King is right in the middle of the board on d5. Knowing the above mentioned "fact" we have to
put as a priority forcing the Black King to the "wall".
1.Qf6 With this move, White has put the Black King in a "box". Meaning the Black King cannot cross the
f file or the 6th rank. 1Ke4 The Black King still can stay in the middle of the board.
2.Qg5 Kd4 3.Qf5 Ke3 4.Qg4 With each move, White is tightening the belt, making the box smaller and
smaller.Kd3 5.Qf4 Kc3 6.Qe4 Kd2 7.Qf3 Kc2 8.Qe3 Kd1 We have achieved goal Part 1 of the plan, the
Black King has been forced to the edge of the board. With the next move White makes sure it stays there.
9.Qf2 Kc1 And now, it is time for Part 3, bringing the King to help. 10.Ka2 Kd1 11.Kb3 Kc1 12.Qc2
checkmate.

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Lesson 12
Lesson goals:

How to set up all the chess pieces on the board

Center
Development
King safety
Basic Opening Principles

Repeat K+Q versus K checkmate method learned in Lesson 11. Let the students play a King and Queen
versus King position. The side with the Queen has 20 moves to checkmate. If there is no checkmate
within 20 moves, the other side wins.
(Note, this only a special rule for this exercise, not in a real game. In a real game one has up to 50 moves
to checkmate. However from any given position K+Q vs. K checkmate can be reached in no more than 17
moves.)
How to set up all the pieces. Rooks are in the corner, next to the Rooks the Knights, next to them the
Bishops. In the middle are the King and the Queen. The Queen is always on its on color.

XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zppzppzppzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPPzPPzPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
xabcdefghy
White starts the chess game.
Teach the children to put the pieces neatly in the middle of the square and not in between two or more
different squares.
The center (e4, d4, e5, d5 squares)
Castling rules. What is its purpose? The put the King in safety. Usually we recommend castling within the
first 6-8 moves of the game to avoid the King getting in trouble.
Basic opening principles
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Control the Center!

Develop your pieces as soon as possible!
Castle as soon as possible!
Do not bring out your Queen early!
Do not move the same piece twice, before you have completed development! (unless it is
being attacked or you can capture something for free).

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Chess notation
If a Queen moves from d1 to h5, we would write Qd1-h5 or simply Qh5. The symbol for capturing a
piece is x. Therefore, if you capture a piece you would write Qxh5. If you give a check you add a +
after the move.
For a Rook move, you write R; For a Bishop move B; King move K; Knight move N (not to mix it up
with a King move). If a Pawn moves you do not need to write P, just the name of the square the Pawn is
moving to. Castling has a special notation. Castling to the King (short) side you write 0-0 and 0-0-0 for
castling to the Queenside.
How to record a chess game and why? Here are two important reasons: To be able to go back and learn
from your mistakes or to show off a beautiful combination. Also to be able to prove what the position is
on the board in case your opponent tries to cheat.
Show miniature games. One side follows the basic opening principles while the other breaks the rules.
(Also see Game 1 from Volume 1 of Polgar: Winning Chess the Easy Way)
Here is a sample which demonstrates a good start for White and a bad start for Black:
1.e4 h5 2.d4 Rh7 3.Nf3 Na6 4.Nc3 Rb8 5.Bc4 Rh8 6.00 Nh6 7.Bf4

XABCDEFGHY
8-trlwqkvl-tr(
7zppzppzppzp-'
6n+-+-+-sn&
5+-+-+-+p%
4-+LzPPvL-+$
3+-sN-+N+-#
2PzPP+-zPPzP"
1tR-+Q+RmK-!
xabcdefghy
In this example, White has been nicely following the basic opening principles, while Black has
completely neglected them. Let the class play games focusing on following the basic opening principles
and on captures.
Order of importance in chess: checkmate, winning pieces, gaining small strategical advantages.

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Lesson 13
Lesson goals:

How checkmate with two Rooks versus a lone King

How checkmate with one Rook versus a sole King

Learn K+2R versus K checkmate method.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-mk-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-tR-+"
1mK-+-tR-+-!
xabcdefghy
The method we checkmate a sole King with two Rooks is: using one Rook to limit the Kings mobility
(like in the above example, the Rook on f2, stops the Black King from crossing through the f file) and
other Rook to check the King forcing it towards the edge of the board. Lets see how this actually works:
1.Rg1+ Kh4 2.Rh2 checkmate. You do not really need the help of the (White) King to checkmate a sole
King with two Rooks.
How to checkmate with a Rook a sole King. Here, we will need the help of our King as one Rook cannot
do it on its own.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-mk-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1tR-+-mK-+-!
xabcdefghy
The first step: Limiting the mobility of the Black King. 1.Ra4 Kd5 Next White brings the King to help.
2.Kd2 Ke5 3.Kd3 Kd5 4.Ra5+ Ke6 5.Kd4 Kf6 Now that the King is close by, ready to help, the White
Rook starts limiting more and more the Black Kings moves. 6.Re5 Kf7 7.Kd5 Kf6 8.Kd6 Kf7 9.Re6
Kg7 10.Ke7 Kg8 11.Rg6+ Kh8 12.Kf7 Kh7 And now an important waiting move 13.Rf6 (Any Rook
move towards the Queen side would work, like 13.Ra6, 13.Rb6 and so on with the same purpose) Kh8
14.Rh6 checkmate.

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Lesson 14
Lesson goals:

Introduce Fork
Pawn forks
Knight forks
Family fork

What is a fork? It is a tactical tool to gain material advantage or to checkmate. It is also called double
attack. It means you attack two targets at once. Usually we would refer to attacking two of the opponent
pieces at the same time. When one of the attacked pieces moves away we capture the other. In some other
cases, we threaten with checkmate and attack an enemy piece.
Each piece can fork. Lets start with Pawn forks.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+p+-+-'
6-+-+p+-+&
5+-tr-mk-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-zP-+-#
2-+-zPK+-+"
1tR-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In the above diagram position White can fork with 1.d4, checking Blacks King and attacking Blacks
Rook simultaneously. Black will end up losing the Rook. In this case it was important that the d4 square
was protected by Whites e3 Pawn. Otherwise the Black King could capture it (on d4) as shown on the
diagram below.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+p+-+-'
6-+-+p+-+&
5+-tr-mk-+-%
4-+-zP-+-+$
3+-+-+P+-#
2-+-+K+-+"
1tR-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
The Knight is the strongest forking piece. Lets see some basic Knight forks:

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In the first one the solution is 1.Nc4+ and in the second one, 1.Nd6 winning material in both cases.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-zp-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5mk-+-wq-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-zP-#
2-+-sN-zP-zP"
1+-+-+-mK-!
xabcdefghy

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-mk(
7zpr+p+rzpp'
6-+-+-+n+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-zp-+N+-+$
3+-+-+-+P#
2PzP-+-zPP+"
1tR-+-+RmK-!
xabcdefghy

Now lets see what is a family fork. That occurs when a Knight attacks three major pieces (King, Queen
and Rook) at the same time.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+k+(
7+-+q+p+-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+r%
4-+-+N+-+$
3+-+-+-zP-#
2-+Q+-zPK+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
1.Nf6+ results a family fork.

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Lesson 15
Lesson goals:

Queen Fork
Bishop Fork
Rook fork
King fork
Counter fork

Let us learn in this lesson about Queen, Rook and Bishop forks. In concept, they are no different from the
Knight and Pawn forks which we have already learned about in lesson 14.
Here are a few examples:

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-tr-+(
7+-+-+pmk-'
6-+-+-+pzp&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+P#
2-tr-+-zPP+"
1+-+Q+-mK-!
xabcdefghy
In this position the White Queen can fork with 1.Qd4+.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-tr(
7mk-+-+-vlp'
6pzp-+-+p+&
5+-+-+p+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+L+-+P+-#
2PzP-+-+PzP"
1+K+-tR-+-!
xabcdefghy
Here the White Rook will make the fork with 1.Re7+. And in the next position the Bishop is the star.

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XABCDEFGHY
8r+-+-+-+(
7zp-+-+L+-'
6-zp-+-+-zp&
5+-zp-+-zp-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-zP-+k+-#
2PzP-+-zP-zP"
1+-+-+-mK-!
xabcdefghy
Here the solution is 1.Bd5+ forking Blacks King and Rook.
Even the King can fork, although it is rare.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7mk-+-+-+-'
6-+-tr-mK-+&
5+-+p+-+-%
4-+-tr-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2P+-+-+-zP"
1tR-+-+-+R!
xabcdefghy
In the position above, White is in check, yet after moving out of the check with 1.Ke5, the King attacks
both Black Rooks resulting a fork and a gain of a Rook.
Not all forks are deadly. In some cases you can answer a fork with a counter fork.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+p+-+-zpk'
6-+psn-vl-zp&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-zP-+P+-+$
3+-zP-tR-+P#
2-mK-+-+P+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In this position White seemingly can gain material by playing 1.e5, attacking both Black Bishop and
Knight. However, after a closer look we can recognize that Black comes out ahead after 1Nc4+
winning Whites Rook.
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Lesson 16
Lesson goals:

Checkmate with two Bishops against a lone King.

The Pin
Absolute Pin
Relative Pin
Making pins

Checkmating with two Bishops and King against a lone King is somewhat slower that checkmating with
the Queen or Rook. However, the general method is pretty much the same.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+k+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1mK-+LvL-+-!
xabcdefghy
The two Bishops together with the King need to squeeze the other King to the edge of the board and then
to the corner. 1. Kb2 Kd4 2. Bc3+ Ke4 3. Bc2+ Kd5 4. Kb3 Kc5 5. Bf5 Kd5 6. Kb4 Kc6 7. Kc4 Kd6 8.
Bf6 Kc6 9.Be5 Kb6 10.Bd7 Ka5 11.Bc7+ Ka6 Again the goal is accomplished. The King has been
forced to the edge of the board.
12. Bc8+ Ka7 Now the Black King is limited to moving back and forth between the a7 and a8 squares.
13. Kb5 Ka8

XABCDEFGHY
8k+L+-+-+(
7+-vL-+-+-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+K+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
Again White has to be careful not to stalemate with 14. Ka6 or 14. Kb6. 14. Be5 Ka7 15. Kc6 Ka8 16.
Kc7 Ka7 17. Bd4+ Ka8 18. Bb7 checkmate.

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Practice position to play out:

White: Ke8, Be1, Bd1 Black: Ke4 Try to checkmate within 30 moves.
A sole Bishop and King versus a King is a draw. It is impossible to win with no other material on the
board. The same goes for a King and Knight versus King only.
A King and two Knights versus King is also a draw unless the lone King is already in the corner and
ready to be checkmated.
A pin is a move which forces one of the opponent's pieces to stay still because moving it would expose
the King or a more valuable piece behind it. A pin is a very common and powerful tool often resulting in
winning material or even in checkmate. A pin can only be created by three pieces: Bishop, Rook or
Queen.
There are two types of pins: Absolute pin and relative pin. In an absolute pin, the pinned piece is in front
of the King and it is not allowed to move. While in a relative pin, the pinned piece is allowed to move but
would lose a piece (which is behind the pinned piece).
Here are a few examples of how to make pins.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-mk(
7+pzp-+-+p'
6p+-+-+p+&
5+-+-trp+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-zP-vLP+-#
2PzPK+-+PzP"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
Here, White can pin and win the Rook with 1.Bd4 an absolute pin.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7zppzp-vl-+k'
6-+-+-+pzp&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+P+-+-+P#
2P+R+-+-mK"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In the position above, White by capturing Blacks Pawn with 1.Rxc7 pins the Bishop which cannot run
away.
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Now lets look at an example of a relative pin.

XABCDEFGHY
8-mk-tr-+-+(
7+pzp-+p+p'
6p+-+psnp+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4P+-+-+-+$
3+P+-vL-zP-#
2-+P+PzPKzP"
1+-+-+R+-!
xabcdefghy
Here after 1.Bg5, Black loses at least the Knight as after the Knight would move Blacks Rook on d8
would fall.

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Lesson 17
Lesson goals:

How to use pins.

Getting out of a Pin

There are cases when creating a pin does not result in immediate material gain. That happens when the
pinning piece is of the same or higher value than the pinned piece and the pinned piece is on a protected
square.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-mk(
7+-tr-+-vlp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-vL-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-mK"
1+-+-+R+-!
xabcdefghy
In this position, the White Bishop is pinning another Bishop. Capturing Blacks Bishop would only result
in a trade and no gain. However, because the Black Bishop is restricted to moving only on the a1-h8
diagonal, White can take advantage of this situation and play 1.Rf8 checkmate!
Here is another example where Black is winning material, thanks to an existing pin.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+r+k+(
7zp-+q+pzp-'
6-+-+-+-zp&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-tR-+-+$
3+-+-zP-+P#
2-+-+-zPP+"
1+-+-wQ-mK-!
xabcdefghy
The solution is 1Qxd4 and after 2.exd4, Rxe1+ and Black has won a Rook.

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However, there are pins which look scary but you can get out of!

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+k+(
7+l+-+-zp-'
6-zp-+q+-zp&
5zp-+-+-+-%
4-+L+-+-+$
3+P+-+-+P#
2-wQ-+-zPP+"
1+-+-+-mK-!
xabcdefghy
For example in the above position, Black can successfully defend by blocking the pin with 1Bd5.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-mk(
7+-+-+p+p'
6-+-+-+p+&
5+-+-sn-+-%
4-+-+P+-+$
3+-vL-+-+P#
2-+-+-+P+"
1+-+-+-mK-!
xabcdefghy
Or here, Blacks Knight seems to be in trouble but 1f6 saves the situation.

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Lesson 18
Lesson goals:

Basic Pawn Endgames (opposition)

In our first example, we shall see a basic Pawn endgame, where White has an extra Pawn.

K+P on the 6th vs. K

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-mk-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-mKP+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In this position, it is critical who is to move. In this case, it is not a pleasure to have the obligation to
move. With Black to move, after 1...Ke8 trying to stay on the White Pawn's promotion square, White will
push the Pawn 2. e7 and now Black has no other move than 2...Kf7, when after 3. Kd7 the Pawn will
become a Queen. However, if in the starting position it is White's turn Black with correct defense can
hold the position to a draw. 1. e7+ Ke8 and now the only move which does not lose the Pawn is 2. Ke6
but that results in stalemate (draw).

K+P on the 6th vs. K #2

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-mk-+-'
6-+-+P+-+&
5+-+-mK-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In this position, Black can draw the game. Black has three choices where to move his King but only one is
good enough not to lose. 1...Ke8! (It would be wrong to play 1...Kd8 2. Kd6 Ke8 3. e7 Kf7 4. Kd7 and
White wins or; 1...Kf8 2. Kf6 Ke8 3. e7 Kd7 4. Kf7 and White also wins).
2. Kd6 Kd8 (or 2.Kf6 Kf8 3.e7 Ke8 4.Ke6 stalemate) and we reach the previous diagram position.
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Opposition #1

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-mk-+-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-mK-+-%
4-+-+P+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
Here, the White King is right in front of its own Pawn. The two Kings are opposite each other. Whoever
needs to give up this "opposition" is losing the battle. If it is Black's turn White will win the following
way: 1...Kd7 2. Kf6 Ke8 3. Ke6 Kd8 4. e5 Ke8 5. Kd6 Kd8 6. e6 Ke8 and 7. e7.
If it is White to move Black is able to draw: 1. Kd5 Kd7 The only right move to maintain the opposition.
After 1.Kf5 the answer would be 1Kf7.
2. e5 Ke7 3. e6 and now as we already learned from the previous position 3...Ke8! 4. Kd6 Kd8 5. e7+
Ke8 6. Ke6 Stalemate.

Opposition #2

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-mk-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-mKP+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
What is the only winning move for White? 1. Kd4! gaining the opposition 1...Kd7 2. Kd5 Ke7 3. Kc6
(Going on the opposite side from Blacks King) Kd8 4. d4 Kc8 5. d5 Kd8 6. Kd6! Ke8 7. Kc7 and the d
Pawn marches through.

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Lesson 19
Lesson goals:

Discovered check
Discovered attack
The Mill in Chess

The discovery is a very important and powerful tactical tool in chess. It has different variations such as
the discovered check, the discovered attack, the Mill, and double check.
Let us look at an example of each, starting with the discovered check.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+k+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+qzp&
5+-+N+-+-%
4-+-+-zP-zP$
3+-+-+LzP-#
2-+-+-+K+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In the position above, White by moving the Knight will uncover the Bishop and therefore check the
Black King. If the Knight is able to find a square, from where it attacks something (for example, like the
Black Queen), that is how White can take advantage of such opportunity. The correct move is 1.Ne7+.
After Black moves out of the check, White captures the Queen with 1.Nxg6.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-tr-mk(
7+pzpq+pzpp'
6-+-+-+n+&
5+-+N+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+P+-+Q+P#
2r+P+-zPP+"
1+-+R+RmK-!
xabcdefghy
In this position, if the Black King was on g8 instead of h8 then Nd5-f6+ would be the answer. But now,
there is no discovered check. However, White can gain material by playing 1.Nb4, exposing the Rook on
d1 to attack the Black Queen on d7, while the Knight attacks the Black Rook on a2.
As we can see discovery is a special sort of a double attack.

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In the next position, we shall see why discovery is so special.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-trk+(
7+-zp-+-zpp'
6-+-+-zp-+&
5+-+-+q+-%
4-+N+-+-+$
3+Q+-zP-+P#
2-+-+-zPP+"
1+-+-+-mK-!
xabcdefghy
Normally in this position 1.Nd6+ looks bad as it seems that the Pawn on c7 can capture it. However,
because of the discovered check (the Queen from b3 checking Blacks King)
Black needs to get out of check and lose the Queen.
So the main power of discovery is that often you can put your piece to an unsafe looking square.
Sometimes you can even use a discovery to checkmate!

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+rmk(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+-vL&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+K+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+R!
xabcdefghy
Solution: 1.Bf8 checkmate!
What is the Mill in chess? It is repetitive discovered checks. Lets see in practice:

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In the following position, Black has an overwhelming material advantage. But as we shall see, it will not
be for long...

XABCDEFGHY
8k+n+-+-tr(
7+R+qsnpvll'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+L+"
1+-+-+-mK-!
xabcdefghy
The first capture is obvious, 1.Rxd7+ Kb8 Now White forces the Black King Black to the discovery
2.Rb7+ Ka8 and starts picking up the rest of Blacks pieces. 3.Rxe7+ Kb8 and back again4.Rb7+ Ka8
5.Rxf7+ Kb8 and again6.Rb7+ Ka8 7.Rxg7+ Kb8 and again 8.Rb7+ Ka8 9.Rxh7+ Kb8 10.Rxh8
and White is ahead a Rook!
What amazing beauty!

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Lesson 20
Lesson goals:

Double check
Trapping pieces

Double check is an even more powerful version of discovery.

When you give a double check neither check-giving piece can be captured.
Here are a few examples:

XABCDEFGHY
8kwq-+-+-+(
7+-+-sn-vl-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4L+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+K+"
1tR-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
Whites Rook is under attack, but White can still checkmate in one with 1.Bc6! (putting the Bishop also
under attack by Blacks Knight).

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+k+-+-'
6-zp-+-zp-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+q+N+-+-#
2-+-+-zP-+"
1+-+R+K+-!
xabcdefghy
Here the regular discovery with 1.Nc1+ fails, because Black can capture the Rook on d1. But the double
check comes to the rescue! 1.Nc5+ wins the Black Queen, as neither the Knight or the Rook can be
captured, because the King is in check from both!
Another way to gain material is simply trapping pieces. When we trap the King, we call it checkmate.
When we trap any of the other pieces its simply trapping a certain piece.

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Lets see a couple examples:

XABCDEFGHY
8k+-+-+rwq(
7zpp+-+-zpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-sN-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-zP-#
2PzP-+-+LzP"
1tR-+-+-+K!
xabcdefghy
Isnt Blacks Queen is a weird place right in the corner? Yes, and it cannot move anywhere either. So all
White needs to do is to attack it with 1.Nf7 and the Queen is trapped.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+k+(
7+-+-+pzpp'
6-+-+-+l+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-zPP+$
3+-+-+-mK-#
2-+-+-+LzP"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In the position above, after 1.f5 Blacks Bishop has no escape. If it were Black to move, Black would
have the time to escape with 1Bc2 for example or make an escape square with 1f6.

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Lesson 21
Lesson Goals:

Back rank checkmate

Pattern recognition

The back rank checkmate traps is one of the most frequent that beginner players fall into. Even more
experienced chess players sometimes forget about it.
We refer to the back rank problem when the limitation of the chessboard, the 8th rank for Black and the
1st rank for White causes one side to get checkmated.
Here is the most basic illustration of it.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+k+(
7+-+-+pzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+P#
2q+-+-zPP+"
1+-+R+-mK-!
xabcdefghy
In the above position, White can checkmate with 1.Rd8 because the Black Pawns in front of the King
dont allow the King move up to the seventh rank and since there is no 9 th rank on the chessboard, the
Black King has no escape.
If it would have been Blacks turn in this same position, one of the defenses would be 1h6 opening a
door for the King to escape after 1.Rd8+ with 1Kh7. Another method of defense would be 1Qa5,
protecting the critical d8 square.

XABCDEFGHY
8q+-+-+k+(
7+-+-+pzp-'
6-+-+p+-zp&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+Q+-+-zP-#
2-+-+PzP-zP"
1+-+-+K+-!
xabcdefghy
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In this example, Black can checkmate in one with 1Qh1.

The only two pieces which can give back rank checkmate are the Rook and the Queen.
Pattern recognition is one of the most important aspects of chess. It is estimated that an average chess
grandmaster can recognize about 20,000 chess patterns or more.
Now we shall see how to recognize this same pattern (of back rank checkmate) from a distance of 2 or
even 3 pair of moves!

XABCDEFGHY
8r+-+-+k+(
7+-+-+pzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2qzP-+RzPPzP"
1+-+-tR-mK-!
xabcdefghy
Here Black has a Rook protecting the e8 square. Yet, White succeeds after 1.Re8+ Rxe8 2.Rxe8
checkmate.
In the next position, Black has two Rooks guarding the back rank and still not enough

XABCDEFGHY
8r+-tr-+k+(
7+-+-+pzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-wQ-+-#
2qzP-+RzPPzP"
1+-+-tR-mK-!
xabcdefghy
Here White is even willing to sacrifice the Queen to achieve the goal. 1.Qe8+ Rxe8 2.Rxe8+ Rxe8 3.Rxe8
checkmate.

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In the following example, Black guards the e8 with both the Rook and the Knight.

XABCDEFGHY
8r+-+-+k+(
7+-sn-+pzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+Q+-+$
3+-wq-+-+-#
2-+-+-zPPzP"
1+-+-tR-mK-!
xabcdefghy
Here 1.Qe8+ would not work because of simply 1Rxe8 2.Rxe8+ Nxe8 and White ran out of
ammunition. However, 1.Qxa8+ serves the purpose! White sacrifices the Queen to get rid of all Blacks
defense of the crucial e8 square. 1Nxa8 2. Re8 checkmate. This is called removing the guard or
deflection.

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Lesson 22
Lesson Goals:

Skewer

Another important tactical tool is the skewer. Just like in real life as you would make a skewer of meat
and vegetables in chess you skewer two enemy pieces on the same line (which can be on a file, rank or
diagonal).
This is how it works.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+r+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-mK-+k+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+R+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In this position, if it is White to move, White can play 1.Re1+ (skewer) and as soon as the Black King
moves away from the check from the e file, White captures the Back Rook on e8.
On the other hand, if it was Blacks turn, Black would play 1Rb8+ achieving a skewer.
Now lets see a skewer with the Bishop.

XABCDEFGHY
8q+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+k+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-zP-#
2-+-+LzPK+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy

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Here, Black suffers because the King and Queen are lined up on the same diagonal. White having a light
squared Bishop, can take advantage of this with 1.Bf3+.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6q+-+k+-+&
5+-+p+p+-%
4-+-+p+-+$
3+P+-+-+-#
2P+-wQ-+-+"
1+K+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
In our third example the Queen is the hero. The solution is 1.Qh6+ winning Blacks Queen.
In our final example, Black seems to be doing well. The Black Pawn is only one square away from the
promotion square (h1). Yet White is in a winning position.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6P+-+-+-+&
5+-+k+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+K+-+-#
2-+-+-+-zp"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
The solution is 1.a7 and after Black promotes the Pawn with 1h1Q, White also promotes but with a
check and skewerright away winning Blacks new Queen.

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Lesson 23
Lesson Goals:

Opening traps

Normally you can be safe by following the general opening principles; however there are famous opening
traps good to know about.
Petroff defense
From the starting position: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3

XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zppzpp+pzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-zp-+-%
4-+-+P+-+$
3+-+-+N+-#
2PzPPzP-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKL+R!
xabcdefghy
White attacks the e5 Pawn. Black now could defend it with 2Nc6 or 2d6 but decided to counter
attack with 2Nf6, which is not a mistake yet. White captured the Pawn 3.Nxe5.

XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqkvl-tr(
7zppzpp+pzpp'
6-+-+-sn-+&
5+-+-sN-+-%
4-+-+P+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPPzP-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKL+R!
xabcdefghy
Now Black should play 3d6, chasing back Whites Knight first before capturing Whites Pawn on e4.
However, lets see what is wrong with 3Nxe4?

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White will answer with 4.Qe2 attacking Blacks Knight on e4.

XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqkvl-tr(
7zppzpp+pzpp'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-sN-+-%
4-+-+n+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPPzPQzPPzP"
1tRNvL-mKL+R!
xabcdefghy
Now Black is in trouble. If the Knight moves away from e4, for example 4Nf6, then White has a
discovered check to win Blacks Queen with 5.Nc6+.
Lets go back a little to the position after Whites fourth move (see the above diagram).
At the above diagram position, a better defense is (instead of 4Nf6) 4d5 protecting the Knight. Then
White attacks the Knight again, (with the Pawn, this time) with 5.d3.
Here the same idea is renewed: if the Black Knight leaves the e4 square then 6.Nc6+ wins the Black
Queen. The best Black can do is play 5...Qe7 and lose only a Pawn after 6.dxe4 Qxe5 7.exd5. Here Black
cannot capture the d5 Pawn because the Black Queen is pinned on the e file.
White is also ends up a Pawn ahead if in the above diagram position, Black tries to counter attack with
4...Qe7. Then, White captures the Black Knight with 5.Qxe4 and after 5...d6 plays 6.d4 dxe5 7.dxe5.

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Lesson 24
Lesson goals:

Opening trap fork

Smothered mate

Here is another opening trap you should avoid as White:

Queens Pawn opening
1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 c5

XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqkvl-tr(
7zpp+pzppzpp'
6-+-+-sn-+&
5+-zp-+-+-%
4-+-zP-+-+$
3+-+-+N+-#
2PzPP+PzPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKL+R!
xabcdefghy
In this position, White could capture the Pawn on c5 with 3.dxc5. However, Blacks plan is to check with
3Qa5+ and win the Pawn back.
3.Bf4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 This is already a mistake. Recapturing with the Queen (4.Qxd4) was better.

XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqkvl-tr(
7zpp+pzppzpp'
6-+-+-sn-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-sN-vL-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPP+PzPPzP"
1tRN+QmKL+R!
xabcdefghy
Now, Black has an unexpected combination to win material. First, Black sacrifices a Pawn with 4...e5.
This is a fork. If either piece (Bishop or Knight) just moves away, the other would be captured. But, what
happens if White just takes the Pawn with 5.Bxe5?
Then comes a second fork: 5Qa5+

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XABCDEFGHY
8rsnl+kvl-tr(
7zpp+p+pzpp'
6-+-+-sn-+&
5wq-+-vL-+-%
4-+-sN-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPP+PzPPzP"
1tRN+QmKL+R!
xabcdefghy
Now, White is in check and after White blocks the check, Black can capture the Bishop on e5 with
6Qxe5 and win a Bishop for only a Pawn.
What is smothered mate? It is a special kind of checkmate, where the King has no escape because his own
pieces surround him.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+rmk(
7+-+-+-zpp'
6-+-+-+-sN&
5wq-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+PzP"
1+-+-+-mK-!
xabcdefghy
In this position, the Black King has no room to breathe. White can checkmate with 1.Nf7. Now that you
know the pattern of the smothered mate, can you find how White checkmates in two moves with the
same idea?

XABCDEFGHY
8r+-+-+-mk(
7+-+-+-zpp'
6-+-+-+-sN&
5wq-+-+-+-%
4-+Q+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+PzP"
1+-+-+-mK-!
xabcdefghy
Solution: 1.Qg8! sacrificing the Queen, forcing the Black Rook to take the Queen on g8 and then 2.Nf7
checkmate.
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Lesson 25
Lesson goals:

Opening trap discovery

French defense
Removing the guard

French defense
1.e4 e6 These are the starting moves of the French defense.

XABCDEFGHY
8rsnlwqkvlntr(
7zppzpp+pzpp'
6-+-+p+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+P+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPPzP-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKLsNR!
xabcdefghy
2.d4 d5 Both sides are occupying the center so far. Now the Whites Pawn on e4 is under attack. White
can protect it in various ways such as 3.Nc3 or 3.Nd2 or simply move it away from the danger.
3.e5 c5 Black is trying to put pressure on Whites d4 Pawn starting with this move.
4.c3 White protects the d4 Pawn.
4Nc6 5.Nf3 Qb6 Now Black is pressuring the d4 Pawn with the Pawn on c5, Knight on c6 and from
behind with the Queen on b6. White is also protecting it three times. So for now, White is safe.

XABCDEFGHY
8r+l+kvlntr(
7zpp+-+pzpp'
6-wqn+p+-+&
5+-zppzP-+-%
4-+-zP-+-+$
3+-zP-+N+-#
2PzP-+-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmKL+R!
xabcdefghy
6.Bd3 Did White just make a mistake? Lets seenow the Whites Queen on d1 is no longer protecting
the d4 Pawn.

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6cxd4 7.cxd4 Nxd4 8.Nxd4 Qxd4 Black has just won a Pawn right? Right, but it only brings very
temporary.

XABCDEFGHY
8r+l+kvlntr(
7zpp+-+pzpp'
6-+-+p+-+&
5+-+pzP-+-%
4-+-wq-+-+$
3+-+L+-+-#
2PzP-+-zPPzP"
1tRNvLQmK-+R!
xabcdefghy
9.Bb5+ and with this discovery, White wins Blacks Queen.
Sometimes, we would like to move a piece to a certain square on the board but we cannot because one of
the opponents pieces is guarding it. Lets see how to remove the guard.
In the position below, White could capture Blacks Queen, right away but that would only be an equal
trade as Black could then recapture with 12Nxh5.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-+k+(
7zppzp-+pzp-'
6-+-zp-sn-zp&
5+-+-+-+q%
4-+-+N+-+$
3+-+P+-+-#
2PzPP+-zPPzP"
1+-+Q+-mK-!
xabcdefghy
But after the correct 1.Nxf6+ exchanging the Knight first, White removes the guard of the Queen and
after 1gxf6, White can capture the Black Queen with 2. Qxh5.

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Lesson 26
Lesson goals:

Chess for fun!

David versus Goliath
Under promotion

Chess has its own beauty. In this lesson, we shall see some of the most curious situations!

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-snrmk(
7+-+P+-zpl'
6-+-+-+nwq&
5+-+-zp-+-%
4pvl-+-zp-+$
3+-zp-+-+-#
2K+-zp-zpptr"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
Look at this position! Black has its entire army, all of their 16 pieces still on the board. Can you imagine
that White will checkmate Black in just two moves?
Usually when we have a chance to promote one of our Pawns to another piece, we choose the Queen
because it is the most valuable piece. However, there are exceptions to that once in a while. In this case,
the correct first move is 1.d8(N) (promoting to a Knight and not Queen!). After that, Black has no defense
against the coming smothered mate with 2.Nf7.
In the next position, White could capture either Black Rook, but Black would be still ahead after that.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+N+K+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-zpkzp&
5+-+-+rzpr%
4-+-+-+P+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
Amazingly after 1.Ng7, White not only achieves an esthetically perfect position but Black cannot avoid
checkmate on the following move. Whichever Rook runs away, the other one will be captured with
checkmate.

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XABCDEFGHY
8-+-mk-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-+-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-tr-+-+-+"
1tR-+-mK-+-!
xabcdefghy
In this endgame, (as we refer to positions which have only very few pieces left on the chessboard) each
side has only a King and a Rook. In most cases, that is a draw unless either side makes a big mistake.
In this case, there is something unusual. White hasnt yet lost his right to castle yet!
Therefore, by castling to the Queenside (0-0-0), White can make a check and attack the Rook at the same
time. In other words, this makes a very rare type of fork.

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Lesson 27
Lesson Goals:

How to create an attack?

How and when to attack in chess? It is usually not the right time to attack early in the game. In the
opening, we develop our pieces, getting them ready for the big fight in the middlegame. In the endgame,
it is usually too late as there arent enough pieces left on the board. Therefore, most attacks develop in the
middlegame (typically between move 12 and 30 into the game). One of the most important ingredients for
a successful attack is to still have your Queen on the board.
Lets examine the following position:

XABCDEFGHY
8r+-+-trk+(
7zppzpq+pzpp'
6-+-zp-+-+&
5+-+-+PwQ-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+P+-+-#
2PzPP+-+PzP"
1tR-+-+RmK-!
xabcdefghy
In this position, many of the pieces are already gone but the Queens are still there. White can use the pin
along the g file by playing 1.f6. That threatens an immediate checkmate with 2.Qxg7. As Black has
trouble defending the g7 square, the most natural response is 1g6. But then White plays 2.Qh6,
renewing the threat to checkmate with Qg7. This time Black is helpless.
In the next position, it is Blacks turn to move.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+-trk+(
7+-+-+p+p'
6-+n+-+pwQ&
5+q+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-zP-+-zP-#
2P+P+-+L+"
1mK-tR-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
White has weakened the position of the King by no longer having a Pawn on b2. Therefore, the weak link
in Whites camp is the b file. After 1Rb8, White cannot defend against the mating attack on the b file
(on b2).

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XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+rtrk+(
7zpl+q+pzp-'
6-+n+p+-+&
5+-+pzP-+Q%
4-+-zP-+-+$
3+-+-+N+-#
2PzP-+-zPPzP"
1tR-+-+RmK-!
xabcdefghy
White has given up a Bishop to get rid of Blacks h7 Pawn and to weaken the defense in front of the
Black King. The White Queen is near the enemy King, ready for action. But she needs helpand it
comes with 1.Ng5. Now Black cannot stop the checkmate with 2.Qh7.

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Lesson 28
Lesson goals:

Intermediate moves
German connection

What are intermediate moves? We also call them in-between moves or by their original German name
Zwischenzug. What we mean by it is that sometimes we can and should delay a very obvious looking
move, such as for example capturing a Bishop or even a Queen.
Lets see some examples:

XABCDEFGHY
8q+-+-+-mk(
7+-+-+pzp-'
6p+-+-+-+&
5+ptr-+-+-%
4-wQ-+-tR-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2PzPP+-zP-+"
1+K+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
Can White simply capture the Rook on c5? Im afraid not. Black has set up a trap: after 1.Qxc5, Qh1
checkmates! However, if White first gives an intermediate check with 1.Rh4+ and only after 1Kg8,
captures the Rook on c5, then Whites Rook from h4 protects the h1 square.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+r+-+(
7mkp+-+-+p'
6p+-+-+-+&
5+-zpq+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+P+-+-+P#
2P+-+-zPPvL"
1+-+Q+-mK-!
xabcdefghy
Can White capture Blacks Queen with 1.Qxd5?
No, because of the back rank problem (1.Qxd5? Re1 checkmate). However, White can sacrifice the
Bishop first by playing 1.Bb8+! opening up the escape square (h2) and after 1Kxb8 2.Qxd5 with clear
material gain.

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XABCDEFGHY
8r+-+-+k+(
7zp-+-zpptr-'
6-zp-+-+-zp&
5+-+q+-+-%
4-+-+n+-+$
3+PwQ-+N+-#
2P+-+-zPPzP"
1+-+R+RmK-!
xabcdefghy
Both Queens are hanging. If White captures Blacks Queen (1.Rxd5), Black captures Whites Queen
(1Nxc3). But White can gain a Rook in this exchange by first sacrificing the Queen with 1.Qxg7+!
After 1Kxg7, White will capture the Queen with 2.Rxd5, leaving White with an extra Rook.
Advice: Think before you move or even before you touch a piece that you may (or may not) want to
move! Sometimes the most obvious is not the best choice!

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Lesson 29
Lesson goals:

Draw by stalemate
Draw by Perpetual checks

In some of the earlier lessons, we have already learned what a stalemate is. It is something very important
to avoid when you are in a winning position.
Lets see some stalemate accidents that should be avoided.

XABCDEFGHY
8-+-+r+k+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-+-+-mK-wQ&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+-+-#
2-+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
Whites last move was Kf5-f6, threatening to checkmate (Qg7). But that was a big mistake! Now Black is
able to give up its last piece which can move by 1Re6+!
After White captures the Rook with 2.Kxe6 the game is over by stalemate (draw). If the King does not
capture the Rook then the Rook will capture the White Queen and White does not win either.
In the next position, White again has huge material advantage.

XABCDEFGHY
8-mk-+-+-+(
7+-+Q+-+-'
6-+-+-wq-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+P+-+-+-#
2-+P+-+L+"
1+K+-+-+-!
xabcdefghy
One thing we need to notice is that the Black King has no legal moves. Therefore, if Black is able to give
up his last piece (the Queen) which can move, Black can escape a lost game with the help of stalemate.
There are two perfect solutions: 1Qa1+ or 1Qb2+!
Besides escaping an almost lost game by stalemate, another hope could be perpetual check. What that
means is that if the very same position repeats three times the game is over: draw!
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XABCDEFGHY
8-mk-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-+-'
6-zP-wq-+-+&
5wQ-+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-+-+P+-#
2P+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+RmK-!
xabcdefghy
In the above position, White has an extra Rook and three Pawns. Normally this is a winning advantage.
However, Black can save the game with 1Qg3+ in this position. White has no choice but to play 2.Kh1,
then 2Qh3+ and again White has no choice but go back to g1 (3.Kg1). Then again 3Qg3+ and back
and forth until there will be the same position three times. This is called draw by perpetual check.

Lesson 30
Lesson Goals:

What have we learned this year?

Overview

The History of chess

The Chess Board
The language of chess chess notation
The pieces and how they move
How to check and checkmate
Opening principles
Different chess tactics to gain material and checkmate
Chess etiquette and sportsmanship

Be sure to check out www.SusanPolgar.blogspot.com

for daily chess puzzles, tips, news and much more.

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Recommended Chess DVDs and Books

www.ChessMaterials.com

Learn Chess in 30 Minutes The Basic Principles of Chess Learn How to Create in the Opening, Middle & Endgame

Essential Chess Tactics and Combinations Learn How to Avoid Opening Traps and Pitfalls Essential Basic Endgames (Vol.1)

Essential Basic Endgames (Vol. 2) World Champions Guide to Chess Chess Tactics for Champions

All these titles are available at www.ChessMaterials.com

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Susan Polgar Power Principles of Chess

1. Control the Center!
The center of the board includes the squares e4, d4, e5, and d5. When you start a game, place your pawns
in the center to occupy and control as many of these squares as you can. Location, location, location!

2. Develop Your Pieces as Soon as Possible!

Get your Knights and Bishops out right away. This should be done before you try to checkmate your
opponent, especially in the first 6 or 7 moves if possible.

3. Castle as Soon as Possible!

Castle at the very first chance you have in order to keep your king safe. Remember, you cant win if your
king isnt safe and you get checkmated first. So dont forget to castle! Then after you castle, connect your
rooks by developing your queen.

4. Keep Your Pieces Protected!

Don't leave your pieces hanging without protection. Each and every piece you have is very valuable, so
don't forget to protect them. Protecting means if your opponent can take your piece, then you can take
your opponent's piece.

5. Have Fun and Win with Grace, Lose with Dignity!

This is my motto in chess. First and foremost, chess should be fun. Sometimes you win and sometimes
you lose, its all part of the game. When you win, be a good sport and dont trash talk or make fun of your
opponent. When you lose, be an even better sport and not a sore loser. Shake hands and congratulate your
opponent. This will go a long way toward making good friends.

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