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Lectia 3: Adjectiv Ul: 3.1. Forma Adjectivului

This document provides information about adjectives in Romanian, including their form, position, functions, order, and degrees of comparison. It states that adjectives in Romanian are invariable and do not change form based on gender or number. It describes the typical positions of adjectives in relation to nouns and verbs. It lists the main functions of adjectives as expressing qualities, nationality/origin, characteristics, age, size, color, material, shape, and opinions/judgments. The document also discusses the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives in one or more syllables, including some irregular forms.

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70 views4 pages

Lectia 3: Adjectiv Ul: 3.1. Forma Adjectivului

This document provides information about adjectives in Romanian, including their form, position, functions, order, and degrees of comparison. It states that adjectives in Romanian are invariable and do not change form based on gender or number. It describes the typical positions of adjectives in relation to nouns and verbs. It lists the main functions of adjectives as expressing qualities, nationality/origin, characteristics, age, size, color, material, shape, and opinions/judgments. The document also discusses the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives in one or more syllables, including some irregular forms.

Uploaded by

cosmynut
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lectia 3:

Adjectiv
ul
3.1. Forma adjectivului
Adjectivele sunt invariabile. Ele nu si schimba forma n functie de gen sau
numar.
Ex.: A hot patato, some hot patatoes.
Pentru a sublinia sau accentua sensul unui adjectiv se pot folosi very, really:
Ex.: A very hot patato, some really hot patatoes.

3.2. Pozitia adjectivului


De obicei adjectivul se aseaza n fata substantivului determinat:
Ex.: A good movie.
Dupa verbe auxiliare ca to be, to become, to seem, to look, to taste, to
appear, to feel, to keep, to make, to smell, to sound, to turn, etc:
Ex.: The movie is good.
You seem upset.
This cheese tastes different.
Dupa substantiv n expresii fixe:
Ex.: the Princess Royal, the President elect, the court martial
Cteva adjective, ca de exemplu chief, main, poor (=unfortunate) stau numai
n fata substantivului determinat:
Ex.: This is the main purpose of the meeting.
That poor woman was living in a garage.
Altele pot sta numai dupa un verb auxiliar: asleep, upset, awake, afraid,
alike, alive, alone, annozed, ill, well, sorry
Ex.: He's asleep.
I'm alone.
Unele adjective si schimba sensul n functie de pozitia pe care o ocupa.
Adjectivele involved, present, concerned au sens diferit daca sunt plasate n
fata substantivului sau dupa acesta.
Ex.: These are the people involved / concerned. (the people who have
something to do with the matter)
They had an involved discussion on the matter. (detailed, complex)
I am a concerned mother. (worried, anxious)
The list of the students present is outside, on the door. (students who were
there)
The present status of the matter requires urgent attention. (current)
3.3. Functiile adjectivului
Adjectivul ne spune mai multe despre calitatile substantivul determinat.
Adjectivele pot exprima:
Sentimente sau calitati:

Ex.: They make an original couple.


She is a single mother.
Nationalitatea sau originea:
Ex.: Ricardo is Spanish. His mother is Argentinian and his father is
Canadian.
I bought him a Swiss watch for Christmas.
Diferite caracteristici ale unui obiect:
Ex.: The table is long.

The steel tray was a gift.


Vrsta:
Ex.: My hat is too old. I will buy another one.
He is still very young, almost a boy.
Dimensiuni, marime si masuri:
Ex.: "Gone with the Wind" is a very long film.
That boy is too tall.
Culoarea:
Ex.: I have a red jacket to go with my new white skirt.
Materie / material:
Ex.: He wore a cotton shirt.
It was a silver tray, not a steel tray.
Forma:
Ex.: A rectangular envelope.
A round table.
Judecati, pareri sau opinii:
Ex.: Grammar is fascinating.
The show was entertaining.

3.4. Ordinea adjectivelor


Atunci cnd se folosesc doua sau mai multe adjective pentru a descrie acelasi
substantiv, ordinea lor depinde de functiile acestora. Exista mai multe variante,
dar cea mai obisnuita ordine este: Value/opinion, Size, Age/Temperature,
Shape, Colour, Origin, Material

Value/opinion

delicious, lovely, charming

Size

small, huge, tiny

Age/Temperature

old, hot, young, little

Shape

round, square, rectangular

Colour

red, blonde, black

Origin

Swedish, Victorian, Chinese

Material

plastic, wooden, silver

Exemple:
a green round plastic bucket
an elegant little French clock
a small round wooden table

3.5. Gradele de comparatie ale adjectivelor


3.5.1. Formarea comparativului si superlativului
Exista trei grade de comparatie ale adjectivelor: pozitiv (nalt), comparativ
(mai nalt), superlativ (cel mai nalt). n limba engleza, comparativul si
superlativul se formeaza astfel:

Numar de silabe
(Pozitiv)

Comparativ

Superlativ

o silaba

+ -er

+ -est

tall

taller

tallest

Adjectivele formate dintr-o silaba [consoana + o vocala +


consoana] vor dubla consoana finala:

fat

fatter

fattest

big

bigger

biggest

sad

sadder

saddest

doua silabe

+ -er SAU more +


adj

+ -est SAU most +


adj

+ Adjectivele terminate n: -y, -ly, -ow


+ Adjectivele terminate n: -le, -er sau -ure
+ Urmatoarele adjective: handsome, polite, pleasant, common,
quiet
happy

happier/ more happy happiest/ most happy

yellow

yellower/ more
yellow

simple

simpler/ more simple simplest/ most simple

tender

tenderer/ more
tender

yellowest/ most
yellow
tenderest/ most tender

Daca nu esti sigur, foloseste more + adj SAU most + adj.


Nota: Adjectivele terminate n -y ca de exemplu happy, pretty,
busy, sunny, lucky etc. vor nlocui -y cu -ier sau -iest la forma
comparativa si superlativa:
busy

busier

busiest

trei sau mai multe


silabe

more + adj

most + adj

important

more important

most important

expensive

more expensive

most expensive

Exemple:
a. A cat is fast, a tiger is faster but a cheetah is the fastest.
b. A car is heavy, a truck is heavier, but a train is the heaviest.
c. A park bench is comfortable, a restaurant chair is more comfortable,
but a sofa is the most comfortable.

3.5.2. Forme neregulate


Urmatoarele adjective au forme de comparativ si superlativ total neregulate:

Pozitiv

Comparativ

Superlativ

good

better

best

bad

worse

worst

little

less

least

old

older / elder

oldest / eldest

much / many

more

most

far

further / farther

furthest / farthest

3.5.3. Comparatia adjectivelor

the + superlative
Ex.: This is the oldest theater in London.

comparative + than - pentru a compara diferentele dintre doua obiecte,


evenimente sau fiinte:
Ex.: He makes fewer mistakes than you do.
Thailand is sunnier than Norway.
Albert is more intelligent than Arthur.
as + adjective + as - constructie folosita pentru a compara oameni, locuri,
fiinte, evenimete sau obiecte, ntre care nu exista diferente:
Ex.: Peter is 24 years old. John is 24 years old. Peter is as old as John.
Ramona is as happy as Raphael.
A tiger is as dangerous as a lion.
not as + adjective + as - putem arata diferentele dintre doua substantive
folosind contructia not so/as ...as:
Ex.: Mont Blanc is not as high as Mount Everest.
Norway is not as sunny as Thailand

1. Scrie comparativul si superlativul urmatoarelor


adjective: happy, brave, busy, clever, dry, bad,
fat, many, beautiful, difficult, exciting, far, good.
2. Completeaza cu as, the sau than, dupa caz:
- What about this one?
- It's better ____ the one we saw in Harrods.
- It's bigger ____ the one in our local shop.
- But it's more expensive ____ the others.
- Do we want one ____ big ___ that?
- Yes, ____ bigger, ____ better. Let's buy it. It's ____ best we've seen
so far.
3. Completeaza spatiile libere cu forma de comparativ sau
superlativ a adjectivelor din paranteza (adauga si than acolo
unde este cazul):
The 8 o'clock train is much (fast) ____ the 7.30 one. Of course it is
(crowded) _____ the 7.30 train and the tickets are (expensive) _____.
You get (cheap) _____ fares before 8 o'clock. Still, it's the (quick)
_____ way of getting to Bath, unless you want to fly, and getting to the
airport is much (difficult) ____ getting to the station.

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