ASSIGNMENT COVER PAGE

QUESTION PAPER
YOUR OWN COVER PAGE(OPTIONAL)

Table of Contents
SECTION A.....................................................................................................................................3
A1. Types of leadership styles.........................................................................................................3
Meaning of leadership.................................................................................................................3
Types of leadership......................................................................................................................3
A2. Qualities of a successful leader.................................................................................................5
Qualities of a successful leader....................................................................................................5
A3. Importance of leadership in developing organizations.............................................................8
Importance of leadership.............................................................................................................8
A4.What is meant by a team or a group........................................................................................10
Roles of a group Leader.............................................................................................................11
A5.Difference between team & group and its influence in organizational activities....................13
Influence of team and group......................................................................................................13
Difference of team and group....................................................................................................14
Different types or group and teams............................................................................................14
Reference.......................................................................................................................................16

SECTION A
A1. Types of leadership styles
Meaning of leadership

Leadership is a capability, meaning a leader has an aptitude to do something through talent and
skill. Talent is natural ability and skill is proficiency gained through training and experience.
There are many people whose does not have leadership ability but through training and
experience had become great leaders. Leadership is adaptive, meaning that the leader will make
adjustments. A leader who fails to adjust will lose. Leadership empowers, inspires confidence
and self-esteem. Some leaders inspire by talks and by being role models.
Leadership acts on peoples feelings by finding ways to link to peoples instinct or intuition and
make people feel empowered. Leadership creates involvement, which means every member
gives something. Sometimes sharing an idea or may be holding an idea in reserve and allowing
someone else to arrive at the same idea and share it. Leadership is about solving the problems,
which means closing the gap between what is expected and actual outcome.

Types of leadership

The total pattern of leaders actions as perceived by their employees is called leadership style. It
represents the leaders philosophy, skills and attitudes in practice.

It is necessary to study the different leadership styles from which an appropriate style can be
selected, depending upon the situation in which leadership is to be exercised and the nature of
the followers involved.

1. Authoritarian/Autocratic Leadership:

Autocratic leadership, also known as authoritarian leadership, is a leadership style characterized

by individual control over all choices and very little input from others. Autocratic leaders
typically make choices based on their own ideas and judgments and seldom accept advice from
others. Autocratic leadership involves absolute, authoritarian. In this type of leadership, only the
leader is involved in making policies and plans. He dominates all employees, gives orders and
expects immediate acceptance.

2. Democratic Leadership:

In this case, the leader encourages all the employees to accept responsibility. All policies are
decided by the entire group with the help of their leader. The techniques, methods and activities
are determined by group decisions with maximum participation from each employee. The
democratic leadership style is a very open and shared style of running a team. Ideas move freely
amongst the group and are discussed openly. Everyone is given a chance and discussion is
relatively free flowing. The democratic leader encourages and reinforces productive
relationships.

3. Laissez-faire Leadership:

Laissez-faire literally means Let (people) do or make (what they choose) or no leadership.
A non-authoritarian leadership style. Laissez faire leaders try to give the least possible guidance
to subordinates, and try to achieve control through less obvious means. They believe that people
will develop when they are left alone to respond to their responsibilities and obligations in their
own ways.

In this type of leadership, the leader is a name only. He keeps busy with other works and keeps
away from his employees. He sets no goals and no decisions. Employees are free to make their
own decisions. Sometimes organization headed by such a leader is unstable and has a low output.

References
(2015). Retrieved from www.forbes.com:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/tanyaprive/2012/12/19/top-10-qualities-that-make-a-great-leader/
(2015). Retrieved from www.leadership-toolbox.com: http://www.leadershiptoolbox.com/democratic-leadership-style.html
(2015). Retrieved from www.businessdictionary.com:
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/laissez-faire-leadership.html

A2. Qualities of a successful leader

Introduction
Whether a person is born a leader, or develops skills and abilities to become a leader is open for
argument. Some clear characteristics are found in good leaders. These qualities can be developed
or may be naturally part of their personality. To be a successful leader there should be some
qualities, which make them, stand out from the rest. Every leader should possess certain qualities
in order to be able to go forward with his or her abilities to lead and make a change.

Qualities of a successful leader

IA leader needs to be reliable and be known to live their life with honestly and integrity. It is true
that a good leader walks the talk and in doing so receives the right to have responsibility for
others.

A good leader is passionate about their work or cause and about their role as leader. People will
respond more openly to a person of passion and dedication. Leaders need to be able to be a
source of inspiration, and be a motivator towards the required action or cause.
A good leader is self-confident. In order to lead and set direction a leader needs to appear
confident as a person and in the leadership role. A leader who expresses confidence towards the
anticipated objective inspires the best effort from team members.
A leader also needs to behave in an orderly and determined manner in situations of uncertainty.
People look to the leader during times of uncertainty and unfamiliarity and find encouragement
and security.
A good leader will think analytically. Not only does a good leader view a situation as a whole,
but is able to breakdown into sub parts for closer review. Not only is the goal in view but a good
leader can break it down into manageable stages and make progress towards it.
A good leader is committed to excellence. The good leader not only maintains high standards,
but also is practical in raising the standard in order to achieve excellence in all areas.
Some of the most important qualities are:
Honesty
The basis of any relationship, both personal and professional, honesty in leadership is honesty.
Communication
Without clear communication, your employees will not understand the mission, goals, and
vision.
Confidence
When things fail, people look for the answers and judge the situation based upon the leaders
reaction.
Inspiration
It is important to get people invested in the vision and future by leaders.

Positivity
Irrespective of the situation, leaders always stay positive. It is important to look at the good side
of things and encourage people to do so.
Commitment
Leaders stay firm with commitment until they achieve their desired results. Showing
commitment sets the example for others to follow, and leads to greater loyalty and respect for the
leader.
Creativity
Leaders have to be make quick decisions, and catch people by surprise.
Intuition
Sometimes leaders are presented with situations that are not learned earlier. Therefore, leaders
have to draw upon their instincts, past experiences, and mentors for assistance in these complex
situations.

References

(2015). Retrieved from http://www.groco.com/readingroom/bus_goodleader.aspx

(2015). Retrieved from http://info.profilesinternational.com/profiles-employee-assessmentblog/bid/204911/Top-10-Qualities-of-Great-Leadership-Do-You-Have-What-it-Takes

A3. Importance of leadership in developing organizations

Introduction

The importance of leadership in management cannot be overstressed. To get things done by

people, management must supply leadership in the organization. Teamwork is essential for
recognizing organizational goals. Managers must influence the team for work accomplishment
through leadership. Good leadership is essential to various groups and organizations that shape
the way we live, work and play. Leadership is an important aspect for making an organization
successful. Leadership transforms potential into certainty.
If organizations cannot make available leadership, people will be enforced to rely on informal
leadership. Lastly, management is transformed into a social process through leadership action. It
is the collective skill of leadership, which achieves organizational goals by applying the potential
of the people. The leader must be a role model and a hero.

Importance of leadership

Leadership is a vital function of organization, which helps to exploit efficiency and to achieve
organizational goals.

The following facts justify the importance of leadership for any organization.
Initiation
Leader is a person who starts the work by communicating the policies and plans to the
subordinates from where the work actually starts.
Motivation

A leader motivates the employees with economic and non-economic rewards and thus gets the
work done from the subordinates.
Guidance
A leader has to not only supervise but also guide subordinates. Guidance is providing
instructions to subordinates so that they will know the way they have to perform their work
effectively and efficiently.
Create confidence
Confidence is an essential factor, which can be attained through expressing the efforts to the
subordinates, explaining them clearly their role and giving them guidelines to achieve the goals
effectively.
Improving morale
A leader can be a morale booster by achieving full co-operation so that they perform with best of
their abilities as they work to achieve goals.
Provide good environment
Management is getting things done from people. An efficient work environment helps in sound
and stable growth.
Coordination
Co-ordination can be attained through reconciling personal interests with organizational goals.
This can be achieved through proper and effective coordination that should be one of the main
motive of a leader.
Clear vision:
Having a clear vision and communicating it effectively provides employees with an
understanding of the organizational direction and allows them to understand their roles and
responsibilities.
Effective planning:

A complete planning process also provides the opportunity for people to identify, contribute to,
and achieve objectives.
Inspiration and motivation:
The commitment and eagerness of a business leader forms the common goals of the organization
Importance of Leadership and provides inspiration and motivation for people to perform at a
great level.

A4.What is meant by a team or a group.

Introduction

A team leader is a person who provides direction, instructions and guidance to a group of
individuals, who can also be known as a team, for achieving a certain goal. An effective leader
will know his or her team members strengths, weaknesses and motivations. Team or group
leaders has various roles in an organization. Their job is to get tasks done by using all of the
resources available to them, including other employees or team members. The overall
responsibility of a team or group leader can be developing a plan the team will use to reach its
goals. Leaders will communicate clear instructions and listens to team members' feedback. At the
same time, they will monitor team members' participation to ensure that things are going as per
plan. They also manage the flow of day-to-day operations in order to make sure, if things are
going according to organizational objectives.

Roles of a group Leader

Any group or a team leader has to have certain roles and responsibilities, this is to ensure for the
smooth operation of the planned tasks.
Some of the responsibilities of a group leader cab e as follows;
Leadership.
The leader works with the team and set the key goals and major objectives. Leader maintain
focus and provide clear direction to team members. The leader will clarify the roles and
responsibilities of team members. A good leader actively asks input from team members.
Decision Making.
Leader should include the team in formulating decisions but should accept accountability for the
decision. Provide an honest assessment of the project relative to current and future cost
Knowledge.
The leader should have enough knowledge of the tasks to be carried out, and he or she should be
very through with information and knowledge.
Planning.
Leader should be responsible for developing a project plan that works to achieve the goal. The
leader should revise the plan whenever necessary.
Influencing.
Making sure all team members support the project. The leader should be able to influence the
people and tasks so that the desired goal can be achieved.
Negotiation.
Leaders may need to interact directly with team members to ensure resources are available when
needed, and to negotiate adjustments to the plan especially those critical areas.

Meeting Management.
Leader is responsible for organizing, facilitating and ensuring follow-up action on issues raised
in the meeting. When required, team leader can organize meeting to discuss issues and rule out
corrective actions.
Communication.
Keep team members and everyone involved are informed of key developments. Provide timely
reporting of any business project to top management. Provide relevant information to legal or
regulatory groups as required.
Commitment
A leader should facilitate and should make sure team members are committed to their
responsibilities and roles. Commitment refers to team members acceptance and how they are
attached to the group's goals.
Conflict management
On a group level (within the same group) - conflict occurs when leaders apply uniformity and
punish those who do not conform to the group's norms. This unreasonable thinking discourages
individual thinking, which only causes increased conflict within the group and between other
groups.

References
(2015). Retrieved from http://www.projectleadersolutions.com/project-program-management-inbiopharmaceutical-rd/roles-of-a-project-team-leader/
(2015). Retrieved from http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-team-leader-description-roleresponsibilities.html
(2015). Retrieved from
http://www.angelfire.com/ns/southeasternnurse/GroupDynamicsCulturalDiversity.html

A5.Difference between team & group and its influence in organizational

activities
Introduction

Although teams (groups) have always been a central part of the organizations, they are gaining
increasing attention as potentially important organizational asset. Professional people rarely work
alone; they work with their coworkers. Accordingly, managers are concerned with creating
effective teams that make real contributions to create success of the total organization.
The evidence shows that teams typically outperform individuals when the tasks being done
require multiple skills, judgment, and experience. As organizations have reorganized themselves
to compete more effectively and efficiently, they have turned to teams or groups as a way to
better utilize employee talents. Management has identified that teams are more flexible and
responsive to changes. Teams have the capability to quickly gather, deploy, refocus, and split.

Influence of team and group

In general, the organizations have resources, namely: man, material, machine, and management.
Each organization have people to perform activities in their task and each organizational has
variable levels to which an organization provides a team the resources or support it needs to be
successful (Doolen, Hacker and Aken, 2006)
Teams who share an understanding of goals and means based on group thinking can bring
together the team to a common ground and separate those individual views that often drag down
team performance, leading to more plans that are effective, ongoing decision-making, and team
management.

Difference of team and group

According to Arnold (2015), a group is a collection of people whereas a team is that same
collection of people who are working together on a common goal. A group is a collection of
individuals who coordinate their individual efforts. On the other hand, at team is a group of
people who share a common team purpose and a number of challenging goals. Members of the
team are mutually committed to the goals and to each other. This joint commitment also creates
combined accountability, which creates a strong bond and a strong motivation to perform.
According to Kane (1998), these are some of the examples of a team and a group;
Examples of situations where real teams are needed are sports teams or
emergency room trauma teams. For both of these, there is an incremental
performance need or opportunity, true interdependency and shared
accountability. If they are not functioning as real teams, the result will be
disastrous.
Examples of situations where you often find groups are a functional
department in an organization, or clerks in a department store, or waiters in
a restaurant. In each one of these groups, there can be similar individual
objectives, but a lack of any small group common objective. There is some
form of coordination or collaboration, but not necessarily shared
accountability or interdependency.

Different types or group and teams

Although some scholars distinguish, work teams and work groups (Katzenbach & Smith,
1993).Groups and Teams does not possess much distinction and use the terms interchangeably.
Three different types of work teams: functional, cross-functional and self-directed teams.

Work Teams

Many organizations recognize the benefit of having multiple people working together in a
collaborative and cooperative environment to develop and deliver its products. For this reason,
the use of work teams has become a routine way of managing organizations. This lesson
identifies the different types of work teams commonly found in contemporary organizations,
including functional, cross-functional and self-directed teams.

Functional Work Teams

Functional teams are composed of organizational members from several vertical levels of the
organizational hierarchy who perform specific organizational functions. Most organizations that
have different functional areas are arranged in functional teams regardless of the size of the
company.

Cross-Functional Teams

Sometimes teams need to be formed by combining multiple, functional teams into one. These
cross-functional teams are composed of experts from various functional areas and work
cooperatively towards some organizational goal. Because these members are considered experts
of their individual functional area, they are usually empowered to make decisions on their own
without needing to consult management.

Self-Directed Work Teams

Perhaps people think that they can do a better job than their managers can. While most people
who work in organizations will have little opportunity for a high level of independence, a useful
solution to both of these desires can be found in self-directed work teams. However, self-directed
does not necessarily mean turning those employees free to do whatever they want in whichever
manner they need.

Reference

(2015). Retrieved from

http://www.pathways.cu.edu.eg/subpages/training_courses/teams/Chapter1.htm
(2015). Retrieved from http://www.myarticlearchive.com/articles/6/144.htm
(2015). Retrieved from http://www.bizjournals.com/bizjournals/how-to/growthstrategies/2013/06/the-difference-between-a-group-and-a.html
(2015). Retrieved from http://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-work-teams-functional-crossfunctional-self-directed.html http://www.freepatentsonline.com/article/International-JournalStrategic-Management/190700026.html
Doolen, T. L., Hacker, E. M. and Aken, E. V., 2006. Managing organizational context for
engineering team effectiveness. Team Performance Management. 12, 5/6, 138-154.
Katzenbach, J. R., & Smith, D. K. (1993). The wisdom of teams: Creating the high performance
organization. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.