creating

DESIGN
RULES
Grald Genta is not only the most important watch designer of all time,
but also the person who has managed to impose his own unique aesthetic imprint on most of todays watches,
since he has created the most important ones among them.
I had the honour of conversing with him on numerous occasions.
The following conversation took place in December 2009.

C o n s ta n t i n S t i k a s : Would you like

to recount for us your trajectory in the
watchmaking sector?
G r a l d G e n ta : I was born in Geneva
in 1931. I began an apprenticeship in the
jewellery business at the age of 15. I completed it in 1950, a year that had already
seen the onset of a recession. So I did a
number of different jobs. At the age of 23
I loved painting and I had a passion for
designing jewellery. At the time, the jewellery sector was still in its early stages
of development in Switzerland and most
of the business proposals I received were
from Watchmakers for designing watch
cases, dials, bracelets and everything to
do with watches. Thus, within a span
of around twenty years, I had designed
watches and sold designs for watches.

Your readers will be bemused to learn

that all watch designs at the time were

sold for 15 Swiss Francs! You can imagine the quantity one had to produce in
order to manage to scrape a living at
that rate! However, despite that situation, I managed to earn a lot of money,
because I had clients everywhere in the
world, in America, in Italy, in France, in
Germany. My first clients were Benrus,
Hamilton etc.
Afterwards, I had the opportunity to
sign contracts with brands in Switzerland, such as Omega, Universal
and Audemars Piguet, often secured
through their suppliers. By this I mean
that, for example, my direct client
wasnt Omega, but Omegas suppliers
and it was in this manner that I participated in the creation of the Seamaster,
or of the Constellation, for example by
designing the case for the one, or designing a dial or a bracelet for another.

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Today, even within Omega itself they do

not know all that I have done for them,
but no matter!
Later, in 1969, I embarked on the adventure of the designer turned producer,
since that year saw me establishing
my own watchmaking Company, the
Grald Genta brand. In 1981 I designed
a unique piece, which left its seminal
mark on watchmaking history, namely
the Minute Repeater with self-winding
movement, encased in a 2.72mm-thick
case! It was a great success. We sold
more than one thousand pieces! In 1994
I created the Grande Sonnerie which,
at the time, was the most complicated
watch in the world. In 1998 I sold the
Grald Genta company and I devoted
myself entirely to painting. In 2001 I
launched a new brand, Grald Charles,
that I also sold after a few years.

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Royal Oak original design for

Audemars Piguet
B

Nautilus original design for

Patek Philippe
C

Grald Genta

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And had you been collaborating with

Audemars Piguet for a long time prior to
the Royal Oak?
For about twenty years, since 1953! I had
been creating for Audemars Piguet for
nearly 20 years, their entire collection. All
classic Audemars Piguet pieces are made
by Grald Genta. Up until the time of the
Royal Oak.
Would you like to recount for us how the
conception of the Royal Oak began?
One afternoon, at four oclock, Mr. Georges
Golay, the Managing Director of Audemars
Piguet, rings me up and tells me: Mr. Genta,
I need a steel sports watch that has never
been done before, I want it to be something
totally new and waterproof. On my part, I
understood that what he was looking for
was a brand-new waterproofing technology.
I want the design by tomorrow morning. I
designed it overnight and my idea was to replicate the system of the scaphanders helmet
on the watch case. With the eight screws and
with the joint visible on the cases exterior. So
I was given the green light straight away to
begin work on the prototype. I completed the
prototype myself within a year. In 1970, I designed the watch. And it took one more year
before industrial production, which finally
came about in 1972.
However, the endeavour did not
immediately meet with success
In the beginning, we met with no success!
The watch was not a success because it was
too big for the standards of the time!...
What was the diameter of its case?
It measured 36 by 38mm and that meant
it was enormous. The watches of the time,
such as Rolexs Oyster for instance, measured 32 by 34mm. You must excuse me if
Im not entirely accurate in my millimeter
measurements! Today people always discuss everything in terms of millimeters.
I dont understand this language, I find it
very peculiar. I detest large watches, I detest
thick watches. Thats the fashion today. I am
not really in fashion. They also will go out
of fashion. As you will see, today they are
about to release ultra thin watches, which
are very comfortable. Large watches, watches that are highly sophisticated technically,

with advanced technology, with double

Tourbillons, will always be around. If we
could manage to fit a dozen Tourbillons,
we would include a dozen Its so stupid! It
bears no interest.
However, there are clients who like them
The taste of the client is important. And
the client could be anyone from among us.
Historically, there have been junctures in
time when there were many people who
were utterly lacking in culture, in fine taste.
We sold them anything. Watches adorned
with gems in all possible colours. Rubies,
sapphires, emeralds, diamonds etc. They
were very fond of this kind of thing. And,
suddenly, that changed. Today, we have a
client base that loves highly spectacular
ornate watches, but not necessarily with
diamonds. Some love diamonds. Most love
technically sophisticated watches with a
lot of showiness through the use of Tourbillons, retrograde indications etc.
Following Audemars Piguet, you worked
for many other companies
I designed watches for Chaumet, Van Cleef
& Arpels, as well as the entire Breguet
watch collection, while at the same time
working for Bvlgari. It thus came about that
I designed Bvlgari-Bvlgari, with the brand
name engraved on the bezel twice. In the
beginning they thought the design was
crass, but the watch later met with great
success, which it continues to enjoy down
to this day. As for IWC, it was a man who
worked for that company, called Ott, who
commissioned me to design a watch for
them. And it was thus that I came to create
the Ingnieur watch.
Yet another successful watch, with visible
screws It is a very technical detail that
you had introduced 40 years earlier
and that today has become established
as a mandatory element in most sports
watches
Yes. At the time it marked an innovation.
That of making visible what had hitherto
always been meant to remain hidden. We
have always kept everything hidden. A bit
like what fashion sometimes does. Today we
reveal womens underwear, thinking that
what we are doing is very bold. Watches al-

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ways had screws. And we had to keep them

concealed. I revealed them as a technical element, which has since become something
of interest.
And immediately afterwards, you created
the Nautilus
It is a watch that I designed during the Basel
Trade Fair. I was at the restaurant of a hotel
and some people from Patek were sitting in
one corner of the dining hall, while I was
sitting alone in the other corner. I told the
head-waiter: Bring me a piece of paper
and a pencil, I want to design something
and I designed the Nautilus while observing the people from Patek eating! It was
a sketch that I completed in 5 minutes It
very quickly met with success. I made the
prototype in my studio and its success was
accelerated.
Which watch did you wear at the time?
I will request that you dont write this, but I
dont like watches!
Why not write it? Its impressive!...
For me, watches are the antithesis of liberty. I am an artist, a painter, I hate having
to adhere to the constraints of time. It irritates me.
And why not write it?
It is somewhat pejorative. However, though
I dont like wearing watches, I do really like
creating them!... Personally, my interest is
more intrigued by a pair of high-quality
shoes, because they offer comfort, or by an
elegant piece of clothing, because elegance
forms part of my personality.
In the watchmaking world, we can
discern two opposing universes: that of
the creators, who create a watch in order
to propose their vision to the public, and
that of the people working in marketing,
who try to identify client needs, even if
the clients themselves are not consciously
aware of those needs.
It is for this reason that one must make
collectors and buyers discover what they
really love in the product and to arrive at a
true harmony with that. You have seen the
example from Bvlgari-Bvlgari that I cited
earlier.

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A Watch that was specially produced for the Hong

Kong market, to commemorate the occasion of that countrys unification with China. Mickey hurls the bowling ball
depicting the flag of Great Britain, while brandishing the
Hong Kong and Chinese flags on his T-shirt and glove.
B The first sketch for the Bvlgari-Bvlgari model
C Limited edition for Seiko, specially commissioned

by its President, Reijiro Hattori

D Sketch for a watch commissioned by the King of

Saudi Arabia
E Sketch for a watch commissioned by the King of

Spain
F Sketch for a watch specially commissioned by one

of the most important collectors of Rolls Royce vehicles in

the world
G Sketch for a watch commissioned by the Sultan of

Brunei. The colours of the polo players clothing are identical to those of the Sultans team.

H Pocket-watch with Grande Sonnerie

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3 Duality A.P.
Oil on canvas.
170x170

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g r a l d

At first they didnt like it, but it later came

about that it has been their greatest success
to date! To make what you love, loveable to
others: that is what creation is all about! As
with the example of Bvlgari-Bvlgari that I
cited earlier.
And the role of marketing? Is it that
significant?
Of course! We may have the most beautiful
idea in the world, but without the means to
make it known, it will remain buried at the
bottom of a drawer. In the majority of cases,
this is achieved by means of a huge investment. One has but to look at the amounts
spent by Rolex, Audemars Piguet etc. They
lavish entire fortunes in order to imbue their
products with value. And, often, this money
is invested in a product that will not meet
with success.
I have always been under the impression that
we tend to forget a lot of your creations
Yes. Pasha by Cartier, the famous dollar
watch by Corum You know, I do not have
a recollection of all the watches that Ive designed. Within the space of 50 years, I must
have designed at least 100,000 different
watches! I designed a lot of models for Audemars Piguet, among which some continue
to enjoy great success. They continue to be
produced with sometimes just a faint touchup, a slight modification to the dial, or to the
hands If we were to begin counting them
one by one

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I am alone in saying this! People say Oh, I

dont like the Oyster Trying to create a
watch that manages to achieve success for
over 70 years! That is extraordinary
Does the same also apply to the Reverso?
The Reverso is also a phenomenon. In my
opinion, it is not as important, because I do
not find this watch to be very virile. It looks
pretty on a womans wrist, but I dont think
its very masculine to wear a watch with a
swivel case. I dont really see the use.
The identity of the person who created the
Oyster remains obscure
Yes, this happened 70 years ago Personally,
I have only designed one Rolex, which still
exists today and forms part of the Cellini collection. This creation dates to the time when
I used to make designs for 15 Swiss Francs. I
have also designed a watch for Piaget. It was
titled the automatic television. It was a cushion-watch, which had a case in the form of a
television!
Today, one observes that most high-end
sports watches have been inspired by the
Royal Oak
The priceless sports watch is a new concept
that we invented together with Audemars
Piguet. When the Royal Oak was released, it
was sold for 3,750 Swiss Francs, retail price.
At the time, the most expensive steel watch
cost 850 Swiss Francs! That was something
utterly inconceivable.

How did it come about that you have

designed all these watches all on your own?
Didnt you have any competitors at the time?
This profession did not exist before me. I invented it, drawing my inspiration from the
work of the foremost designer worldwide,
Raymond Loewy, who designed the American railways, the Shell logo, the Lucky Strike
cigarette pack etc.

Have you created watch designs for

Vacheron Constantin?
I have also worked a bit for Vacheron Constantin, but it was more difficult because my
passion was for Audemars Piguet. So, when
you are passionate about a brand like Audemars Piguet, which was more or less like the
cousin of Vacheron Constantin I did not
feel very comfortable working for both.

Is there a watch that you would have liked to

have designed?
I regret not having designed the Oyster!
Because, to me, it represents the biggest
success in watchmaking. Today, we cannot find a single watch that could possibly
stand up to and pose a challenge to the
Oyster in terms of stylistic breakthrough!

When designing a watch, what are the

limitations that ones liberty is subject to,
since we cannot escape certain functional
constraints in terms of its architecture, such
as, for example, the fact that the number 12
must always appear at the top of the dial etc?
You are mistaken. When I made the retrograde watch by Grald Genta, it was

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something that had never been done before. The same also applies to the Heure
Glissante [Slipping Time] watch by Grald
Charles. I adore inventing new ways of
reading time.
Is there a consideration of the recycling of
fashion trends in the watchmaking world?
For example, we see Franck Muller, who
once again brought to the fore the cushionshape, he established it as the hallmark
of his brand, and then all other brands
followed his lead.
He had the intelligence to adopt a very wellknown form, since we can always come
across vintage cushion-shape watches even
in flea markets, but he managed to do so
while exhibiting great talent. What he did
was really good. Unfortunately, it is now becoming dated.
In terms of materials, is there a specific one
that you favour?
I was the first to showcase the fusion of
bronze with steel for the Gefica model. We
met with enormous success. It was the audacity of showcasing a material that was not
frequently encountered in the watchmaking
sector. Today, if I were to create a watch for
myself with the Minute Repeater mechanism, I would opt for titanium. Its very light
and it allows the penetration of sound. When
one creates a highly-valuable watch, its price
does not depend on the material. We could
use platinum or aluminum, it would make
no difference.
What is design for you?
For me, design is a means of expressing my
own personality.
Are there any rules one must comply with?
The first rule is to be classical, yet also new at
the same time.
Are you satisfied with your career path?
When your track record comprises models
that have been around for 20 years, you have
by definition been successful in your career
and this provides a feeling of satisfaction. Its
really extraordinary to at last be recognised
today as being the man who introduced an
element of modernity in a sector in which it
had hitherto been lacking.

But, frequently, design is widely copied

For me, being copied does not cause me
sadness It constitutes an encouragement
and a compliment. If you are not copied,
you are incompetent.
Have you also designed other objects, apart
from watches?
I am passionate about the creation of logos. I have created many for companies
etc.
Were your relations with watchmakers
and brands always straightforward?
Many among them accused me of being
someone who is not an insider. You know,
its very difficult to knock on the door of a
prominent company and say This is what
I propose you do! Its very pretentious. Its
a delicate situation and you will never be
recognised for your talent. Its like in the
fine jewellery circle in Paris: a prominent
company would never want a design workshop to declare I have created the design
for this jewel. Its the client who has the
renown. I had to wait very patiently before the public could learn that it was I
who had made the Royal Oak of Audemars
Piguet etc. We dont dare say it when we
have done it but, afterwards, it gradually
becomes known to the public.
Designing watches on a computer, is it totally different?
It introduces an advantage today, which
allows one to have an obsession with technology. I am self-taught. I do not know
how to use a computer to design a watch. I
always work with my thoughts and I never
look at what the others are doing.
Does the opinion of the people who wear
your watches interest you?
Ah, that! I like it a lot. There is a foremost
Italian collector who one day told me: The
watch that you made for me, keeps me company! That is an extraordinary phrase
Today, what brings you the greatest satisfaction in design?
Its special orders. The owner of an island in the South of Italy invited me to
spend a few days on his island, in order
to grasp the atmosphere of his island

and to create a watch inspired by his island! It was something magnificent

Are you currently collaborating with any
brand?
Yes. With the Confrrie Horlogre of Mathias Buttet, for which I design watch hands
and other details. I recently had a 3-year
contract with Patek Philippe. One must be
very careful with Patek Philippe. Everything that deviates from classical forms is
out of the question. I designed the Nautilus for women.
Have you also designed high-street
watches?
Yes. I designed the watch that was produced in 30,000,000 copies for Timex!
It was digital, naturally. But I have also
worked for Hamilton, Bulova and other American brands. They had always
sought to emanate a distinct Swiss-watch
aroma!...
Today, your great passion is painting
Yes, it brings me great joy. I paint every
day. Today, I made two watercolors. They
often feature an element drawn from
the watchmaking world. A Royal Oak,
screws But I also like painting hidden
people, or a small bird. There, in front
of me, Ive got an oil painting on canvas
depicting a bird, some screws, a person
etc. The end-result is special!... And they
always have a lot of colours.
Who are your favourite painters?
Mir, Dali, Picasso, Czanne, the Impressionist masters, but equally Anish Kapoor,
whose work is currently on exhibition
at the Royal Art Gallery, here in London.
Painting is very important to me. It is
painting that led me to design watches.
It was as if I held a palette in my hands
with all the colours of metals, gold, steel,
bronze, but also tortoiseshell color, ivory,
black, even carbon fiber, which is not a
precious material. The same applies to
jewellery. Before Chopard became the
renowned company it is today, we would
make sublime watches by adding a highly
valuable precious stone in the form of a
heart in the centre of the dial. And that, is
not design. It is Art.

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You have stated that you do not wear a

watch. Do you however hold a collection
of your most important watchmaking creations?
I have the Royal Oak and the first Nautilus that was released from the workshop
which, by the way, has no serial number
or anything of the sort. I had been keeping it all this time in a safe-box and I took
it out to wear it when I was recently at
their company for signing the 3-year collaboration contract I mentioned earlier. I
also have the prototype of the Grande Sonnerie and an Automatic Perpetual Calendar by Grald Genta, as well as the Grald
Charles Turbo, which I hate wearing, because it is too uncomfortable! I have never
owned a Pasha by Cartier, an Ingnieur
by IWC, a piece by Van Cleef & Arpels, a
Breguet etc.
You have an admiration for Patek
Philippe Would you like to talk to us
about some more of their models, other
than the Nautilus?
Patek Philippe, is Patek Philippe! It is exceptional. It is the most prestigious brand
in the world, for a number of different reasons. They are the ones who have been the
most conservative, because they never departed from the rules of total classicism.
They have made slightly eccentric watches
from time to time, like those created by
Gilbert Albert.
And the Ellipse?
They made the Ellipse with Rubli. One
day at the Basel Trade Fair, at 4 oclock
in the morning, there was a group of us
from the watchmaking world and the
creative professions. Mr. Rubli said: Had
Mr. Genta not existed, I would never have
conceived of the idea for the creation of
the Ellipse. It is true that watches similar to the Ellipse had first been designed
by Rubli himself for Audemars Piguet,
but they never exploited their models in
the manner that Patek Philippe did with
the Ellipse.
Do you have anything to add in conclusion?
I thank the Heavens for having granted
me this opportunity, of amusing myself
while working. It is exceptional!...

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Self-portrait,
Grald Genta

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