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Moving Sprites

The document discusses code for a 2D game tutorial in Java. It describes a Craft class that represents a movable spacecraft sprite. The Craft class stores the image and coordinates of the sprite and handles movement via key presses. It also describes a Board class that draws the Craft sprite and handles game animation via a timer. It further adds a Missile class that extends the Sprite class to create missile sprites that can be fired from the Craft and move across the screen.

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68 views

Moving Sprites

The document discusses code for a 2D game tutorial in Java. It describes a Craft class that represents a movable spacecraft sprite. The Craft class stores the image and coordinates of the sprite and handles movement via key presses. It also describes a Board class that draws the Craft sprite and handles game animation via a timer. It further adds a Missile class that extends the Sprite class to create missile sprites that can be fired from the Craft and move across the screen.

Uploaded by

Mau Samos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Home Contents

Moving sprites
In this part of the Java 2D games tutorial we will work with sprites.
The term sprite has several meanings. It is used to denote an image or an animation in a
scene. It is also used to represent any movable object in a game. Also one of the
meanings is the code that encapsulates a character in a game. In our tutorial by using
sprite we refer to a movable object or its Java class.

Moving sprite
In the first example we have a spacecraft. We can move the spacecraft on the board
using the cursor keys.
Craft.java
package com.zetcode;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
public class Craft {
private
private
private
private
private

int dx;
int dy;
int x;
int y;
Image image;

public Craft() {
}

initCraft();

private void initCraft() {

ImageIcon ii = new ImageIcon("craft.png");


image = ii.getImage();
x = 40;
y = 60;

public void move() {


x += dx;
y += dy;
}
public int getX() {
return x;
}
public int getY() {
return y;
}
public Image getImage() {
return image;
}
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
int key = e.getKeyCode();
if (key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) {
dx = -1;
}
if (key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) {
dx = 1;
}
if (key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
dy = -1;
}
if (key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) {
dy = 1;
}
}
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
int key = e.getKeyCode();
if (key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) {
dx = 0;
}
if (key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) {
dx = 0;
}
if (key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
dy = 0;
}

if (key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) {
dy = 0;
}
}

This class represents a spacecraft. In this class we keep the image of the sprite and the
coordinates of the sprite. The keyPressed() and keyReleased() methods control
whether the sprite is moving.
public void move() {
x += dx;
y += dy;
}

The move() method changes the coordinates of the sprite. These x and y values are used
in thepaintComponent() method to draw the image of the sprite.
if (key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) {
dx = 0;
}

When we release the left cursor key, we set the dx variable to zero. The spacecraft will
stop moving.
Board.java
package com.zetcode;
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import

java.awt.Color;
java.awt.Graphics;
java.awt.Graphics2D;
java.awt.Toolkit;
java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
java.awt.event.ActionListener;
java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
javax.swing.JPanel;
javax.swing.Timer;

public class Board extends JPanel implements ActionListener {


private Timer timer;
private Craft craft;
private final int DELAY = 10;
public Board() {

initBoard();

private void initBoard() {


addKeyListener(new TAdapter());
setFocusable(true);
setBackground(Color.BLACK);
craft = new Craft();

timer = new Timer(DELAY, this);


timer.start();

@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
doDrawing(g);
}

Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync();

private void doDrawing(Graphics g) {


Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
g2d.drawImage(craft.getImage(), craft.getX(), craft.getY(), this);
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
craft.move();
repaint();
}
private class TAdapter extends KeyAdapter {
@Override
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
craft.keyReleased(e);
}

@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
craft.keyPressed(e);
}

This is the Board class.

private void doDrawing(Graphics g) {

Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;


g2d.drawImage(craft.getImage(), craft.getX(), craft.getY(), this);

In the doDrawing() method, we draw the spacecraft with the drawImage() method. We
get the image and the coordinates from the sprite class.
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
craft.move();
repaint();
}

The actionPerformed() method is called every DELAY ms. We move the sprite and
repaint the board.
private class TAdapter extends KeyAdapter {
@Override
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
craft.keyReleased(e);
}
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
craft.keyPressed(e);
}
}

In the Board class we listen for key events. The overridden methods of
the KeyAdapter class delegate the processing to the methods of the Craft class.
MovingSpriteEx.java
package com.zetcode;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
public class MovingSpriteEx extends JFrame {
public MovingSpriteEx() {
}

initUI();

private void initUI() {


add(new Board());
setSize(400, 300);
setResizable(false);
setTitle("Moving sprite");
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
MovingSpriteEx ex = new MovingSpriteEx();
ex.setVisible(true);
});
}

This is the main class.

Figure: Moving sprite

Shooting missiles

In the next example we will add another sprite type to our examplea missile. The
missiles are launched with the Space key.
Sprite.java
package com.zetcode;
import java.awt.Image;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
public class Sprite {
protected
protected
protected
protected
protected
protected

int x;
int y;
int width;
int height;
boolean vis;
Image image;

public Sprite(int x, int y) {


this.x = x;
this.y = y;
vis = true;
}
protected void loadImage(String imageName) {
ImageIcon ii = new ImageIcon(imageName);
image = ii.getImage();
}
protected void getImageDimensions() {

width = image.getWidth(null);
height = image.getHeight(null);

public Image getImage() {


return image;
}
public int getX() {
return x;
}
public int getY() {
return y;
}
public boolean isVisible() {
return vis;
}

public void setVisible(Boolean visible) {


vis = visible;
}
}

The Sprite class shares common code from the Missile and Craft classes.
public Sprite(int x, int y) {

this.x = x;
this.y = y;
vis = true;

The constructor initiates the x and y coordiates and the vis variable.
Missile.java
package com.zetcode;
public class Missile extends Sprite {
private final int BOARD_WIDTH = 390;
private final int MISSILE_SPEED = 2;
public Missile(int x, int y) {
super(x, y);
}

initMissile();

private void initMissile() {

loadImage("missile.png");
getImageDimensions();

public void move() {


x += MISSILE_SPEED;

if (x > BOARD_WIDTH) {
vis = false;
}

Here we have a new sprite called Missile.

public void move() {


x += MISSILE_SPEED;

if (x > BOARD_WIDTH) {
vis = false;
}

The missile moves at constant speed. When it hits the right border of the Board, it
becomes invisible. It is then removed from the list of missiles.
Craft.java
package com.zetcode;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Craft extends Sprite {
private int dx;
private int dy;
private ArrayList missiles;
public Craft(int x, int y) {
super(x, y);
}

initCraft();

private void initCraft() {


missiles = new ArrayList();
loadImage("craft.png");
getImageDimensions();
}
public void move() {
x += dx;
y += dy;
}
public ArrayList getMissiles() {
return missiles;
}
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
int key = e.getKeyCode();
if (key == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE) {
fire();

}
if (key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) {
dx = -1;
}
if (key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) {
dx = 1;
}
if (key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
dy = -1;
}
if (key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) {
dy = 1;
}
}
public void fire() {
missiles.add(new Missile(x + width, y + height / 2));
}
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
int key = e.getKeyCode();
if (key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) {
dx = 0;
}
if (key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) {
dx = 0;
}
if (key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
dy = 0;
}

if (key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) {
dy = 0;
}

This is the Craft class.


if (key == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE) {
fire();
}

If we press the Space key, we fire.

public void fire() {


missiles.add(new Missile(x + width, y + height / 2));
}

The fire() method creates a new Missile object and adds it to the missiles ArrayList.
public ArrayList getMissiles() {
return missiles;
}

The getMissiles() method returns the ArrayList of missiles. It is called from


the Board class.
Board.java
package com.zetcode;
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import

java.awt.Color;
java.awt.Graphics;
java.awt.Graphics2D;
java.awt.Toolkit;
java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
java.awt.event.ActionListener;
java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
java.util.ArrayList;
javax.swing.JPanel;
javax.swing.Timer;

public class Board extends JPanel implements ActionListener {


private
private
private
private
private

final
final
final
Timer
Craft

int ICRAFT_X = 40;


int ICRAFT_Y = 60;
int DELAY = 10;
timer;
craft;

public Board() {
initBoard();
}
private void initBoard() {
addKeyListener(new TAdapter());
setFocusable(true);
setBackground(Color.BLACK);
setDoubleBuffered(true);
craft = new Craft(ICRAFT_X, ICRAFT_Y);
timer = new Timer(DELAY, this);

timer.start();
}
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
doDrawing(g);
}

Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync();

private void doDrawing(Graphics g) {


Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
g2d.drawImage(craft.getImage(), craft.getX(),
craft.getY(), this);
ArrayList ms = craft.getMissiles();
for (Object m1 : ms) {
Missile m = (Missile) m1;
g2d.drawImage(m.getImage(), m.getX(),
m.getY(), this);
}
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
updateMissiles();
updateCraft();
}

repaint();

private void updateMissiles() {


ArrayList ms = craft.getMissiles();
for (int i = 0; i < ms.size(); i++) {
Missile m = (Missile) ms.get(i);
if (m.isVisible()) {
m.move();
} else {
}
}

ms.remove(i);

private void updateCraft() {

craft.move();

private class TAdapter extends KeyAdapter {


@Override
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
craft.keyReleased(e);
}
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
craft.keyPressed(e);
}
}

This is the Board class.


private void doDrawing(Graphics g) {
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
g2d.drawImage(craft.getImage(), craft.getX(),
craft.getY(), this);
ArrayList ms = craft.getMissiles();
for (Object m1 : ms) {
Missile m = (Missile) m1;
g2d.drawImage(m.getImage(), m.getX(),
m.getY(), this);
}
}

In the doDrawing() method, we draw the craft and all the available missiles.
private void updateMissiles() {
ArrayList ms = craft.getMissiles();
for (int i = 0; i < ms.size(); i++) {
Missile m = (Missile) ms.get(i);
if (m.isVisible()) {
m.move();
} else {
}
}

ms.remove(i);

In the updateMissiles() method we parse all missiles from the missiles list. Depending
on what theisVisible() method returns, we either move the missile or remove it from
the container.
ShootingMissilesEx.java
package com.zetcode;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
public class ShootingMissilesEx extends JFrame {
public ShootingMissilesEx() {
}

initUI();

private void initUI() {


add(new Board());
setSize(400, 300);
setResizable(false);

setTitle("Shooting missiles");
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

public static void main(String[] args) {


EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {

}
}

ShootingMissilesEx ex = new ShootingMissilesEx();


ex.setVisible(true);

});

Finally, this is the main class.

Figure: Shooting missiles


In this chapter, we have covered sprites.
Home Contents Top of Page
ZetCode last modified May 23, 2015 2007 - 2015 Jan Bodnar

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