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Solutions To Assignment #10, Math 253

1. The total mass of a solid inside two concentric spheres with densities given by a function of position is calculated to be 2πc(a^2 - b^2) where a and b are the radii and c is a constant. 2. The volume of a solid region inside a sphere and above a paraboloid is calculated to be π(2 - √2). 3. The volume inside a sphere between two cones is calculated to be π(√3 - 1)/3.

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55 views

Solutions To Assignment #10, Math 253

1. The total mass of a solid inside two concentric spheres with densities given by a function of position is calculated to be 2πc(a^2 - b^2) where a and b are the radii and c is a constant. 2. The volume of a solid region inside a sphere and above a paraboloid is calculated to be π(2 - √2). 3. The volume inside a sphere between two cones is calculated to be π(√3 - 1)/3.

Uploaded by

Alex Tan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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SOLUTIONS TO ASSIGNMENT #10, Math 253

1. Compute the total mass of the solid which is inside the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2 and
c
.
outside the sphere x2 +y 2 +z 2 = b2 if the density is given by (x, y, z) = p
x2 + y 2 + z 2
Here a, b, c are positive constants and 0 < b < a.
Solution: The total mass is
Z =2 Z = Z =a
=
a2 b2
c 2

m=
sin ddd = 2c
( cos ) = 2c(a2 b2 )
2
=0
=0
=0
=b
2. Compute the volume of the solid region which is inside the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 and
above the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 .
Solution:
The intersection of the sphere and the paraboloid is the circle x2 + y 2 = 1, z = 1.
Therefore
Z =2 Z r=1 Z z=2r2
Z r=1
V =
dzrdrd = 2
r( 2 r 2 r 2 )dr
=0
r=0
r=0
z=r 2
r=1

2
2

2

+
2 2
=
= (2 r 2 )3/2
3
2
3
3
2
r=0
!

4 2 7

3
6
3. Find the volume inside the sphere = a that lies between the cones =
Solution:
V

=2

=/3

=a

2 sin ddd = 2

=
=0
3

= 2

a
3

=/6

=0

!
1
( 3 1) 3
3
+
=
a
2
2
3

and = .
6
3

a3
( cos /3 + cos /6)
3

p
4. Find the surface area of that part of the sphere z = a2 x2 y 2 which lies within
the cylinder x2 + y 2 = ay. Here a is a positive constant.
Solution: The
Z surface
Z p area of the graph of z = f (x, y) over a domain D in the x, y
plane is S =
1 + (z/x)2 + (z/x)2 dxdy. In this case D is the interior of the
D

circle x2 + y 2 = ay, which in polar coordinates is 0 , 0 r a sin . Therefore


s
Z = Z r=a sin
Z Z
a
x2 + y 2

1+ 2
dxdy
=
d
rdr
S =
a x2 y 2
a2 r 2
=0
r=0
x2 +y 2 ay
Z =
Z =
r=a sin

= a
a2 r 2
d = a
(a| cos | + a)d = a2 ( 2)
=0

r=0

=0

5. Find the surface area of that part of the hemisphere of radius


that lies above the square 1 x 1, 1 y 1.

2 centered at the origin

Solution: The surface area


p is what you get by subtracting 4 half caps from the area
ofthehemisphere z = 2 x2 y 2 . By question 2 on quiz 5 each half cap has area
2( 2 1), and therefore the surface area of the canopy is

2( 2)2 4 2( 2 1) = 4( 2 1)
6. Find the centroid of the region inside the cube 0 x, y, z a and below the plane
x + y + z = 2a.
Solution: The centroid of R is given by
RRR
RRR
RRR
xdV
ydV
zdV
R
R
R
x =
, y =
, z =
where V is the volume of R
V
V
V
3
In
Z this
Z Z case the plane x+ y + z = 2a cuts off 1/6 of the cube so V = 5a /6. We evaluate
xdV by splitting the region R into 2 separate pieces, R1 and R2 .
R

Z Z Z

Z
xdV

x=a

dx

R1

x=0
x=a

dx
Zx=0
x=a

R2

z=a

dy
y=0
y=a

Z Z Z

xdV

y=ax

z=0
z=2axy

dy
y=ax

x=a

ax(a x)dx =

xdz =
x=0

x=a

x(2a x y)dy
x=0


x
x(2a x)x (a2 (a x)2 ) dx
2

Zx=0
x=a 
3
a4 a4
5a4
x
ax2
=
dx =

=
2
3
8
24
x=0


y=a

xdz =
z=0

a4
6

y=ax

a4 /6 + 5a4 /24
9a
9a
= , and by symmetry we know that x = y = z = .
3
5a /6
20
20
p
2
7. Find the total mass of the region which is above the cone z = x2 +
py and below the
sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1, if the density function is (x, y, z) = 1 + x2 + y 2 + z 2 , for
a positive constant .
Therefore x =

Solution: The cone and sphere intersect where = /4 and therefore the total mass is
Z =2 Z =/4 Z =1
M =
d
d
2 sin (1 + )d
=0
=2

=0
=/4

Z
=

d
=0

2
3

=0
=1

Z
d

=0

/4

sin d +
0

Z
sin d +

=0

=/4

d
=0

/4

=2

3 sin d

d
=0

=0

sin d = (1 1/ 2)(/2 + 2/3)

=1

8. Find the total mass of a planet of radius a whose density at distance R from the center
is (x, y, z) = A/(B + R2 ).
Solution: The total mass is
Z =2 Z =
Z =a
Z =
Z =a
2
A
2
M =
d
d
sin
d
=
2A
sin
d
d
2
B + 2
=0
=0
=0
=0
=0 B +

Z =a 


a 
B
= 4A
1
d = 4A a B arctan(/ B)
B + 2
0
=0



= 4A a B arctan(a/ B)
9. Let R be the region in the first quadrant of the x, y plane bounded by the curves
y = x, y = 3x, xy = 2, xy = 3.
Let a change of variables be given by u = xy, v = y/x.
(a) What is R in u, v coordinates?
(b) Compute the Jacobian determinant

(x, y)
.
(u, v)

Z Z
y 2 dxdy by using this change of variables.

(c) Compute
R

Solution:
(a) This is just the rectangle 2 u 3, 1 v 3.

(b) We can solve for x, y in terms of u, v, namely x = u/v, y = uv, and then
(x, y)
1
compute the Jacobian determinant:
= . Another method is to compute the
(u, v)
2v

1
(x, y)
(u, v)
(u, v)
and then use the fact that
=
:
Jacobian determinant
(x, y)
(u, v)
(x, y)

u u
#
"
y x
(u, v)
2y
x y
= det v v = y 1 =
= 2v
(x, y)
x
2
x
x
x y
Therefore

(x, y)
1
= .
(u, v)
2v

(c) The general change of variables formula, for the substitution x = x(u, v), y =
y(u, v), is


Z Z
Z Z
(x, y)
dudv,

f (x, y)dxdy =
g(u, v)

(u,
v)
R
S
3

where g(u, v) = f (x(u, v), y(u, v)) and S is the description of R in u, v coordinates.
Thus
Z Z
Z u=3 Z v=3
1
5
2
y dxdy =
du
uv dv = .
2v
2
u=2
v=1
R
Z Z
10. Evaluate
(x2 xy + y 2 )dA, where R is the region bounded by the ellipse x2
R
p
p

xy + y 2 = 2. Hint: make the substitution x = 2u 2/3v, y = 2u + 2/3v.


p
p
p

2
2
2
Solution:
x

xy
+
y
=
(
2u

2/3v)

(
2u

2/3v)(
2u
+
2/3v)
+
(
2u +
p
2
2
2
2/3v) = 2(u + v ), and therefore the region R in u, v coordinates
becomes the
2
2
circle u + v = 1. By computation the Jacobian determinant is 4/ 3 and therefore
Z =2 Z r=1
Z Z
2
2
(x xy + y )dA =
2r 2 rdrd = .
R

=0

r=0

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