Scribd
Upload
104 views

Onshore Offshore Oil Field Development

This document provides information about oil field development and well completions. It discusses horizontal wells which are used to maximize reservoir drainage from a single well. It also describes typical well completions including multiple casing strings and perforations to access different oil zones. The document outlines different artificial lift methods that are needed to produce oil from depleted reservoirs where the pressure is no longer high enough for the well to flow naturally. It discusses constraints on downhole tools from high pressure and temperature conditions.

Uploaded by

Anre Thanh Hung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
104 views

Onshore Offshore Oil Field Development

This document provides information about oil field development and well completions. It discusses horizontal wells which are used to maximize reservoir drainage from a single well. It also describes typical well completions including multiple casing strings and perforations to access different oil zones. The document outlines different artificial lift methods that are needed to produce oil from depleted reservoirs where the pressure is no longer high enough for the well to flow naturally. It discusses constraints on downhole tools from high pressure and temperature conditions.

Uploaded by

Anre Thanh Hung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT

ONSHORE
OFFSHORE

Oil bearing
layers

Onshore Production generally


Offshore Production generally
has vertical wells except
has deviated wells.
where access is restricted
There is an increasing trend towards
sub surface completions

HORIZONTAL WELLS
Some Reasons for horizontal wells:
To Maximise Reservoir Drainage from a Single Well
To Reduce the Drawdown on the Well
To Produce From Thin Oil Zones close to Water or Gas
For Low Permeability Reservoirs
To Maximise the Interception of Orientated Natural Fractures

Horizontal wells cannot be logged by conventional methods.


Coiled Tubing or Well Tractors are required.

Typical Well Completion


Swab Valve

Wing Valve

Production

WELLHEAD
Crown Valve

20 Casing

13 3/8 Casing

Tubing Hanger
Safety
Valve

Cement

Tubing
9 5/8 Casing
Perforations

9 5/8 Completions Appox. 25%


7 Completions Approx. 60%
5 Completions Approx. 15%

SSD for
Circulation

An offshore well will usually start


with 30 casing. As the well deepens
or if there are drilling problems
additional strings of 7 and 5 casing
may be run .

Packer
End Of Tubing (Usually with restricted ID)

Reservoir A
Reservoir B

The casing is perforated with explosives. Perforation


tunnels are made which extend into the formation.

Multiple Zone Completions


Dual String

Single String
Tubing
In 9 5/8 Casing
4.5-5.5
In 7 Casing
3.5

Long String
SSDs may be opened and
closed by tools run on
wireline
Sliding Side Door
(Sleeve Valve)

Short String
Tubing
In 9 5/8 Casing
2.875
In 7 Casing
2.375

Zone A
Nipple for Plug

Zone B
Log in tubing with
continuous spinners.
Log in casing with
fullbore spinners.

Dual strings allow


production from zones
at very different pressures
Zone C
Zone D

Dual Completions offer


more flexibility such as
injecting down one string
and producing the other but
tubing size is limited.

What makes an oil well flow?


A well will flow if the pressure in the wellbore is less than the pressure in the formation.
The formations below surface are assumed to be full of water except where gas or oil are present.
Hydrostatic Pressure of formation water 0.435 psi/ft
Surface pressure is formation pressure minus
Hydrostatic Pressure of Oil 0.300 psi/ft
fluid column hydrostatic pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure of Gas (under compression) 0.043 psi/ft

Surface

Surface Press. with Oil = 1,350 psi


Surface Press. with Gas = 3920 psi

Open the wellhead valve and


The well will flow.

Wellbore

Hydrostatic Pressure
of Oil column = 3000 psi
Hydrostatic Pressure of
Gas column = 430 psi

Virgin Reservoir

10,000 ft
Downhole

Surface Press. with Oil = 0 psi


Surface Press. with Gas = 2570 psi

Without Artificial
Lift as an OIL WELL this
well would not flow
Artificial lift methods:
Downhole Rod Pumped
Downhole Electrical Pump
Gas lift

Depleted Reservoir
Reservoir Pressure
4,350 psi

Reservoir Pressure
3000 psi

Artificial Lift

GAS
LIFT

Weir

Compressor

Separator
Se
Oil

Fluid
Exit

Water
Mixture of
Gas and
Fluid
Decreases
Hydrostatic
Pressure of
Fluid
Column

Completion
Fluid

BEAM PUMP
Nodding Donkey
Stripper
Rubbers

High
Pressure
Injection
Gas

ELECTRIC
SUBMERSIBLE
PUMP

Fluid
Exit

Generator

Sucker
Rod
Electric
Cable

Gas
Lift
Mandrels
Retrievable
Plug (can be
replaced by
logging plug)

Limited
to vertical
wells
Fluid
Level

Fluid
Level

Travelling
Valve

Electric
Submersible
Pump

Standing
Valve

Electric Submersible Pump Logging


Fishing neck
of logging
plug

Extended fishing
neck to protect
wireline
Seals

Pins to prevent
premature
latching
Grapple
sized for
PLT fishing
neck
Top of
PLT
string

No-go

E
S
P

Deviated Well
Method 1

Deviated Well
Method 2

Grapple
taps logging
plug seals
into place.

Go-Devil to
push logging
plug downhole
and into seat.

Distance
calculated so
that top of
PLT string is
below perfs
when grapple
hits.

Tool Operating Constraints


Subsurface conditions have high pressure and temperature.
Sondex tools are for the most part designed to operate at up to 15,000 psi and 350 deg F.
0
0
Venezuela, Indonesia
US Gulf Coast etc
Pressure
Temperature

1.2 g/cc
Gradient

Depth, ft

Depth, ft

Normal Geothermal
Gradient
20,000

20,000
0

Pressure, psi

10,000

Normal Pressure Gradient 8700 psi at 20000 ft


1.2 g/cc Press Gradient 10,400 psi at 20,000 ft

Temperature, F

350

Normal Temperature Gradient 360 deg F at 20000 ft


High Temp Gradient 833 deg F at 20,000 ft

The properties of electrical components change with temperature. Some tools can only be calibrated
at surface. The electronics of the tools have in built temperature compensation to ensure that a
surface calibration remains valid downhole.

SRO

Blow Out
Protector

0
-100

1000
PRESSURE

-10

10
SPINNER

100

LINE SPEED

0
210
4000

2
DENSITY
TEMPERATURE
FLUID CAPACITANCE

2200

2300

235
2500

Lubricator

TOOLS MAY BE RUN ON NON CONDUCTING SLICKLINE OR COILED TUBING

You might also like