Grammar

-()

-()
()

-()

-()

Used
With

Usage

Similar Phrases

Notes

V/A/ When P1 context does not

-/
N(I) affect P2 result

V/A/
N(I)

V/A/
N(I)

-()

-()
N(Time)/
//

-() ()
V

Used to indicate that it is

better to say P2 rather than
P1 (rather than P1, P2 is a
better reason/option)
Explains the situation when
the intention and result
differ (I should have P1 but
P2 happened)
-To show a condition or
assume something
(hypothetical) that has not
happened yet (assuming
different situation)
-Used to refer to
hypothetical situations
either contrary to what
happened in the past or
what is happening in the
present
To express certain feeling
-()
or thoughts that spring from

seeing something
-()
been a long
Used to say how much time
time
has passed after doing
-()
something
hasnt
been a long time
Used when certain action is -When used with
taken in the process of
-/ or another action (P1), focus is / the
on the resulting state that is dropped
continues

-Indicates speakers
intention
-Cant use
Imperative/suggestive

-Lower probability of
happening than -()
-Usually -/-()
/-()
occur at end

N is always a time noun

-Can use with verbs

indicating wearing things
on your body
-Can use for continuation
of emotional state
-Incomplete/Complete
actions can be used
-Not used to describe

-()/

naturally expected
situations
-When used in the past
the action has already
ended
-Expresses only the
simple past with no
recollection

V/A/ An expression that modifes

N(I) the following noun

-()/ V/A/

N(I)

-()/ V/A/
()
N(I)

-To guess through a certain - (1)

-()/
fact or situation
-To express a thought or an (1)
opinion
-()/
-looks like appears that (1)
-Used when changing P1s
matter into P2 (Since P1
____ instead P2)
-Used to reward P2s matter
due to P1 (Because P1, P2
<reward> can happen)

Used to add (phrases should

be related and be able to be
-()/ V/A/
-() ()
connected by or

N(I)

) information from
P2 to P1 (as well as)

P1s action can either be

replaced by another action
or that another action can
compensate for P1s
action
-Subject should be the
same
-N- used to
indicate the noun in
following clause is added
to P1, it can also indicate
location

-()/
((-)/
)
-()/ V/A/ To speculate on the basis of
-

N(I) certain fact or situation

-()/

-()
-
To speculate something on
-()/
-()/ V/A/ the basis of certain fact or

N(I) situation (shape or

-()/
appearance)

Used when context of P1

-()/ V/A/
contrasts with P2 (_____
()
N(I)
while _____)

-
-

-No guess in P1 (If guess

you use -() )
-Often used with -()/
which is the
basis for making the
guess
Express 2 things that are
opposite or one positive
and one negative in one
sentence

Used to say that it is only

-()/
natural in general for
-
V/A

something to happen as
such (it is certain)
-When something seems to
be similar to something else
-()/
-/
(almost the same)
V

-When it is considered that

it is similar as doing
something else
-

-()
Used when information

about certain fact is

-()/ V/A/
-() /
different from what had
/
N(I)
(used to
been expected (I thought
when checking
that.. but really..)
ability/awareness
on how to do
something
-
(Subject acts like
they did
Used to express a
something but
fabrication of an attitude or didnt)
-()/ V/A/
actoin that is different from -

N(I)
the fact (act like <V/A/N (Subject acts like
attached)
they are in the
process of
something but in
reality not)
Used to express the attitude
that is different from the
-()/ V/A/ actual action or condition -()/

N(I) (acted as though <V/A/N

attached> in order to Clause
1)
-
V/A/ When a bad result is placed
-()/
-
N(I) in P2 due to P1
-

- used to
suppose something that is
different from reality
(pretend)

-When used with positive

and negative comments
on ability (+/+ and -/worse than you expected)
(-/+ and +/- better than
expected)

-P1 contains what is

contrary to reality
-You cant use in the
past

In this phrase roughly

means reason/cause
something bad happens

-()/
To say that something tends -Negatve forms -Normally adverb in front

V/A to be similar to something - , - -Characteristic/quality

else (generally so)
needs to be obvious or
objectively verifiable (in

general terms)

-()/

-()/

-When P1 becomes the

reason of P2
(since/therefore/and)
V/A/ -When the P2s context
N(I) contrasts with P1 (but)
-To do something in P2 on
the basis of P1 (background
information)
When something that is
V/A/ different from a generally
N(I) expected result in P1s
situation is placed in P2

Used to ask whether the

-()/ V/A/ listener is/isnt aware
/
N(I) certain information (do you
know..)
-()

-() (
)

-()

-() (-
)

-With
to make -()/
-Cant use future tense,
imperative, or suggestive
to further
ending
emphasize the
contrast or
unexpectedness
It can also be a response
I dont/do know..

-Dont use with verbs

When the result does not
-/
with negative connotation
change whether the action
-() -Can use / in front of
(attached) is taken or not
-()
-/
Used to regret or feel sorry (Should have
- always in the past
for something (Should have done)
<V attached>/Regret doing - / -Normally if used at end
something else would have -() of sentence just -()
been better)
(Should not
have done)
Used to suggest doing P2s -
Rather than P1, P2 is a
action and not doing P1s -()
better idea
action

- (means
doing actions
together)
-When used with 1 reason
In P1 to express more than - /
listener can infer there is
two purposes about P2s
(on the way
another reason (in this
action
to/from you do
case often follows)
something)
- (used with
noun)

-() ()
/

-()

-()

- -
To express that what comes

V/A/
in P1 is not true based on
N(I)
-() ()
certain fact or situation
?
-To reocommed something
since the speaker consideres
V it to be worthy
-To express an available
level or degree

Used to mean that

something almost happened
(but did not actually
happen) (almost <V
attached>)

-() ()

To add a piece of
-()/
V/A/
information from P2 to P1

N(I)
(but also)

-()

To show that there is

V/A/ nothing else than what is
N(I) mentione in P1 (thats all,
all I did, only)

-()

A/V

-()

V/A

-()

-()
()

V/A/
N(I)

Used in situations in which

there is no other choice for
the subject but to do P1s
action (in case of verb) or
to be in P1s stat (in case of
adj)
To say that the degree of P2
is same as that of P1 (so
that)
When the condition is
similar to something else
(about to)
-P1 is used to express the
speakers strong
supposition and it becomes
a reson or condition of P2
-P1 shows the speakers

When used as worthwhile

many times in this form
with -/ = -/

-Most cases speaker is
relieved it didnt happen
-Always use in past
-Often used following
constuctions that indicate
hypothetical past
situations (-/)
-Clauses should be +/+ or
-/- cant mix
-These often follow (A/V / A/V-
/ N- A/V)

-()
-Only one course of
-More emphatic
action
use (N- -()
-In this form =
/ A/V-
meaning solely, merely,
-()
only
)

-()
-()
Used to exagerate
-()
-()
Combination of ()
(Express
speakers
intention) and -

-Cant be interrogative
(use -() for a
question)
-Subject should be
speaker in P1

will and becomes the

condition for P2

-()

When the preceding phrase

shows a speakers
speculation and it works as
a basis of the succeeding
phrase
V/A/ -P1-strong intention or
N(I) expection
-P2-statement related or
contrary to P1
This refers to the actual
situation related to the
supposition or assumption

-P1= reason for

() (express
suggestion or advice
reason)
-P2=suggestion or advice
-Combination of
-()
used for future
situation or
intention to do
something and ()/
provides
background
information for
what is to follow

-()()

To speculate (need
V/A/ knowledge to back up
N(I) speculation) about certain
fact

-()
-()
(means a
speculation)

-()
()

-To do P2 in advance
V/A/ because the speaker is
N(I) worried about P1 ( here
used as to guess/think)

-()
()
-()
()

-()

-()

-()

Used to describe the

speakers vague intention or
-()
plan that can easily be
changed (I might _____)

Used to say that something

almost happened but didnt
at the end (I nearly <V
attached> but (reason why
not))

Used to indicate the

speakers view that
V/A/
something might happen or -()
N(I)
could possibly (but
unlikely) occur

-This regers to the reason

for the speakers
supposition -()

-Different than -()/

as it is used to express
assumption about current
or future situation

- Converation only,
intention raises at end
-Not that confident when
saying this, can use to
softly disagree with
listener
*This is different-()
/-() /() /-()
comes at the
end of sentence and
shows an uncertain plan
-Negative sentences cant
use
-Cant use future
tense/imperative/suggesti
ve

-Used as a guess so rude

to use about an important
event that someone is
worried about
-With past tense dont add
to

-()

-()

-()
()

-()

-()

-()

-()

-Used to explain future

plans (more concrete than () )
-Used to explain when
something is likely to
happen
-Usef for when plan did not
materialize as expected

-Indicates the speakers

intention
-Can use for future plans
-Intend to/Plan to/Going
to..

-These often appear at the

-()
beginning /
Used to express a plan for
-even before
/
the foreseeable future
the suggestion (I
(indicates speakers
-Cant use future
V
had planned to
intention), speaker was just
tense/imperative/suggesti
<even before you
about to do what is
ve
said that> and
suggested
-For mid sentence
was just about to)
changes to
When P2s result comes
Cant use
N because of P1 (Due to <N
imperative/suggestive
attached> _____ happened)
Used to indicate that
someone has a position,
N social status or authority or
in such stance (as a <N
attached>)
-()

(used when
Used to speculate
speaker never
V/A/ something (I believe
thought about the , , ,
N(I) <V/A/N attached> since
situation)
etc.. Often follow
Clause 1)
-() N
(used to mean
think, guess,
speculate)
Used when the opposite
V/A context to the status/action -
of P1 come in P2
-Used to choose something
even though it is not 100%
-You can use
-
satisfactory (2nd best
imperative/suggestive
-
N
option)
-Should be used with
-
-Can also show no
intention or will phrases
preference

-()

-()

- (-)

-Used with ,
, , ,
Used to indicate the
or the
speakers choosing of
-Choosing the next best
expression means
something that will suffice
option
that something is
even though it is not the
-Use when ranking the
the case no
best option among the
available options
matter the
available choices
circumstances or
situation
Used to emphasize
something among others
N attached is most among
representing the rest (prime
all
example)

Used when one is supposed

V/A/
-
to choose one out of two
N(I)
options (or)
-To show a condition or
- means
assume something that has reason (only
not happened (generally
known by
used in casual conversation) speaker) and
-If P1 is actually true
comes at the end
then
of the sentence
Used to respond to a
question or to add to a
statement the speaker has
already made to provide the
reason or thinking behind
the answer or statement

V/A/
N(I)

V/A/
N(I)

Used when there are

V/A/
opposite fact between P1
N(I)
and P2

To show the purpose

towards the action of P1
V
(P2 in order for me to/so
that P1)
Used when something is
changed or something
happened due to a certain
V/A reason, used to express
passively in cases in which
the subjects will or
intention is not involved

- Typically one used

once but can appear twice

-Many times P1 is guess

and P2 is
suggestive/imperative
sentence

#####################
########

Although/Despite P1s
action, P2s action
(opposite) happened

- used to be emphatic
-Past indicates a state or
situation that has come to
be true in the present, or
that has been decided
-Used to tell someone
something happened in a
indirect/gentle manner

- ()

-Cant use for negative

only to show
prohibition of some action
-When attached to Adj it
V
indicates that the subject
causes another person to
be in the state described
by the Adj
Only use - when
When doing P2s action
end of P1 becomes
-
V after finishing all P1s
condition for P2 (If you
action
do action 1 then action 2
will happen bc of 1)
-Subject did not plan or
-Used to express that
intend to do what
something finally took
happened (efforts were
-/
place (unplanned
made to prevent a result
event/action that continued - shows
but were ineffective)
V
until it was completed or
stronger intention
-End in past tense usually
thoroughly finished in a
of speaker
-Can be used to show
way undesired by the
intention with --/-()
speaker)
//
- (If you do this
you will get this result)
-Occurs after an action is
When some fact is found
completed
after doing something,
V
-Refers to a time after
new/contrary to current
performing an action once
belief (after I realized)
-P2 contains new or
unexpected information
learned by the speaker
-N V-/ A/V
-N A/V-
A/V- or
This expression means that
A/V- Only primary reason is
the reason given in P1 is
V/A/
A/V- given but the clause
just one of a number of
N(I)
this expression indicates that thare are
reasons for the behaviour in
other reasons also not said
indicates two
P2
representative
reasons among
many for the
action in P2
When the result of P1s
Cant use with imperative
or suggestive sentences
V action is different from the
-When someone (subject)
made someone else do
something (verbally make
-
them do something, no
direct physical connection) -
-Also refer to giving/not
giving another person
permission to do something

expectation

-()

Used to express an
agreement of something or
V/A/
a thought to think of
N(I)
something as reasonable (of
course <V/A/N attached>)
To express when P2s
action or condition appears -
V
after P1s action is finished -
(before/after relationship)
-When P2s action can take
place after P1s action is
finished
V
-As a rhetorical question
when P1 works as a
condition of P2
- (used
when the speaker
When P2s action is taken has an intention
V for an intention or purpose to take certain
of P1
action)
-()
- ()
Means that a certain action
-
or situation repeatedly
V
happens, but not always
-
without exception (often)
V/A/ Usef for the reson of P2s
N(I) action

-
-/
-()

Used to say that certain

V/A situation is natural and
reasonable (is bound to)

-
-()/

-()/

- ()

P1 is an objective of P2

Used when something

occurs frequently

Use -/ when P1 is
critical condition for P2 to
take place or when P1
turns out to be
meaningless
-Used in official
speech/writing
-Subjects must be same
-Cant use Imperative or
Suggestive endings

Used often with ,

,
-Cant use
imperative/suggestive
-Larger reason compared
to -//-()

Subject must be the same

Usually a negative
connotation

-()

-()

-()

-()

Used to express the state or

thought of doing something
(find that ending Adj <V
attached> P1)
To express doing something
-
as soon as something is
finished (as soon as)

Normally Adj at the end

to mean feeling

Used to express one wish

or hope

When despite recognizing

P1s condition, something
V/A/
-() -
different than what had
N(I)
been expected is placed in
P2.

-Subject must be same for

both clauses
P1 is acknowlded but
emphasizing speakers
belief in
shows past

Used to slightly deny what

the other person said or
Cant be used with
V/A/ answer about a compliment
-
expressions that denote
N(I) in a modest way (I dont
tense
think so, <V/A attached>
negating sentence)
- (used
with V when P1
or P2 are done,
used with Adj
Used to indicate that it is
V
when adding
done sometimes
information P1
happens but
sometimes P2
happens as well)
-Usually past tense but
when present tense
Used to describe a plan,
- speaker & listener are
resolution and promise
- making a promise
V
towards something (I
- together
decided to ____)
-Cant use
imperative/suggestive
To show that only one
V/A particular action or state has
been continued

To represent when P1s

V/A/
action or situation always
N(I)
accompanies P2s context

V/A/ When P1 is the basis or

N(I) reason of P2

V/A/
N(I)

V/A/
N(I)

-()

-
V

If P1 happens P2 always
happens

-Cant use
imperative/suggestive
- (colloquial)
-P1 subject cant be
speaker
-Cant use
When P1 becomes basis or
imperative/suggestive
- (written)
purpose of P2
-P1 subject cant be
speaker
-/ (only
Used to indicate that
something else happened on when it is a
top of something (as well negative
as)
connotation)
-()/

To guess about something

-()/
based on certain fact or

situation
-()/

Used when P2 is not

satisfactory but it is
Often followed by
considered to be better than
(rather, preferably)
P1 (would rather P2 than
P1)
-When doing what comes in
-
P2 is not possible due to P1
#####################
-
-When P2 becomes the
########
-
same situation due to P1
-It means on the way
to/from somewhere
-
Can use only movement
-It means using
-
verbs
coming/going to
somewhere as a chance
Used to the situation of
doing something during the
process of doing something - (1)
else (P1s action while
P2s action)
-It means to do the same as
-Second option cant use
doing something else
in past
(repeat, do as told)
-Only Adj you can use is -

 //
-Cant use negative in
front

-It means to do something

as soon as something is
done
-

- ()

V/N(I When thanks to P1, good

) result comes in P2

Used to express that

something did not take
place wholeheartedly
during the task (wasnt all
for <V attached>)
Used to express the period
of time that certain action
or condition continued
(P2s action while <V
attached>)

First clause is usually the

reason why

- ()
(only when
subjects are
different)

-
To express the reason why
-
P1 badly affected P2
-
(expresses reason and als
(opposite
the result was not intended)
meaning)
Used to show the period of
time that a certain action or - ()
condition is continued
Used to mean there is a
possibility that something
-()
might happen due to a
certain action or condition
(You may <V attached>
Clause 1)
Used to show the process of
certain action (in the middle -
of)

- ()

When there is abad result in -

P2 due to P1
-

To show the situation of P2

will be realised as long as
the condition of P1 is
satisfied

-Cant use
imperative/suggestive
-Positive result

Movement verbs you can

use -() () to
show past tense
-Typically negative result
(exception when
something completely
unexpected or unintended
occurs and is positive)
-Should end in past tense
-Cant use
imperative/suggestive
Subjects must differ

Usually a negative result

P2s action while <V

attached>
Cant use
imperative/suggestive

Used to indicate that the

speaker learned something
new after doing some
actoin or behaviour
continuously from time in
the past or that a certain
situation has occurred as a
result of

When P2s action may be

realized (discovery of
something) if P1s action is
continued or repeated

-That something is done on

the way while stopping the
previous action
-When some other action is
taken in the process of
certion action

When a bad result is

expected after doing P1s
action

Used to express that certain

V/A/ fact or situation is amazing

-
-
- is shortened
form of -
which refers to
something
occuring in the
#####################
middle of a
########
continuance
action
- is
shortened form of
and -()
which refers
to a discover or
result
-No past at the end of P2
-Common endings for P2
(-() /-
/--)
-
- () is slightly
different, P2 is a result
(more definite) of
continued action
- (Only
-/ P2 result do to
when /
P1
used in front)
-() () P2
-
action result of P1 action
speculates a bad
continuing
result in P2
-() If P1 action
-
happens expect P2 to
use when
happen (guess cause and
action is on and
effect)
off
-If P1 has continued from
some time in the past
// are
-Speaking
often used
hypothetically
-P2 should end with
use -/ supposition or conjecture
ending
-Can use present tense for
general result
-() end of In response follow form
in first sentence
sentence

or unbelievable (I cant
N(I) believe that <V/A/N
attached>)
-

V/A/ Recognize P1s fact if it

-/
N(I) does not affect P2s context

Can only be used when

P1s action is not taking
place

-When doing something

nearly similar to something
else (as you know)
-When speaker is not
actually doing something
but doing something that is
similar

- is used to
reconfirm the information
a listener is expected to be
aware of already (used w/
, , , ,
, etc..- as you
know, as you have heard,
as you have seen, etc..)

Used to indicate that

something has the qualities
or characteristics of the
noun, having the qualities
that are typically expected
in the particular noun

Can be used after nouns

denoting places and
institutions

-Speaker wants to refer to

something directly seen or
experienced
(reason/cause) in the past
to describe how that has
changed
-Speaker cant be subject
-Topic/subjects must be
same
-Present tense always
used
Used to express the
-()
-Subject cant be speaker
-Speaker needs to learn
V/A/ speakers recollection that - (only
N(I) he or she directly saw,
familiar speech for the first time not
heard, or felt some prior
-Used to express something already known
event or action
a persons mood, -First person used for
expressing a persons
emotions or
mood, emotions or
feelings 3rd
person-/ feelings
-Cant use to express

contrary opinion
-To refer to
things that
completed in the
past use -/
-Used when P1 contrasts
with P2 (but)
-It indicates the result due
to someone elses action
V/A/
(P2s action because/since -
N(I)
P1s action)
-Occurrence of something
immediately following the
end of another occurrence

V/A/
N(I)

-()

V/A/
N(I)

V/A

-
N

-Expresses recollection of
something done
repeatedly
######################
-Past action that has not
#########
come to an end
-Cant use with things that
only occurred once and
do not repeat
-Use past for actions
-Combines --Used to talk about the
completed in the past
recollection of the past
recollection and -Subject can only be in
(when expressing
() which
first person
something contradictory to indicates
-Used mid-sentence for
what the other person just background
cases used to introduce a
said or showing
information
past situation or the fact
shock/surprise toward a
contradictory or a
that the present situation
past event or particular
surprising
is contrary to what the
situation
situation
case was in the past
- (1)
-When P1 works as a
-()
purpose of P2
(cant use when
-It means the period to
the subject
reach a certain time
differs)
-
- When someone made
Suggestion to do Only
(instruct/suggest) someone
a certain action imperative/propositive
else do something
(response -
)
-If using with Adj need to
add - to both Adj
Used in a situation that
- - Cant use -using either is fine (You can
-
-Many times used with
either..)
interrogatives (,
,
Indicate a sufficient amount
Only used with some
of a certain quality of the
nouns without final
noun attached to
consonants
Used to indicate the last one -
left is even added
-

Usually used in bad

occasions

Used to compare two things

that have similar degree

N - <N> is less
___ than <N attached

(used with noun denoting

size, amount, number) (P1
Noun is as _____ as P2
Noun)

-/

-/ /

Used when providing

-
examples to explain a
situation or statement made -
previously

Used to indicate that

something occrred a certain
amount of time after a
previous event occurred

- (used to
Used to show the similarity emphasize
N
in size (same as)
something with
an exaggeration)
Used to indicate that there
is only that person/matter
- (opposite)
N
remaining (only/nothing
but)
Has the feeling or quality
N just like the noun it is
attached to
- When it is expected that
regardless of doing P1s
work, the expected result -()/
V/A does not seem to be realized (1)
(even if)
-() (1)
When P1s condition is
great
--Used when the
V current situation is
continuously maintained in
the future (now to future)
-- Used when the past
condition has long been

>
Also used to express a
situation that is opposite
to what was the case in
the past (usually a time
word if often followed by
-
-P1 usually includes ()
which indicates that
the action described in the
cluase has been
completed in a certain
amount of time
-Refers to an event
happening a certain time
after the occurrence of a
previous event

-Has to be negative in
second part
-Cant be
imperative/suggestive
Sounds weird used after
nouns denoting places and
institutions
-Cant use with
imperative or suggestive
- commonly
used in P2 (it is useless
meaning)
-Use for a long time only
-This can be used when
something is about to be
finished -/

maintained to the present

(past to now)

-/

-/

-/

-/

-/

-With V used only to

express the order of
something
(Imperative/suggestive
When P1s completed result
-/

V/A/
ok)
becomes the reason for P2
N(I)
-/
-With Adj used only to
(Since P1 ~ P2 happened)
indicate the speakers
reason for a certain action
(cant use
imperative/suggestive)
-Usually some sort of
Used to the result that has
problem that you need to
V been accomplished after
find a solution for
certain process
-Past tense follows
-Dont use with verbs
When certain action
used to indicate wearing
-/
continues after being
things on your body
-With =
V
finished (continuance,
-Focus action completed
/
maintaining)
-Cant use for emotional
state
V

Used when a certain action

is done repeatedly

-Used to mean that the

action that has been done in
advance (usually to prepare
for an event) is being
continued
-Fact that something is
already in such a state (in
advance)

-/

-/

Used to deliver negative

feeling of speaker
-/ (but
normally prefer
to use -/
for long time
period, more
often used to
describe storing
or saving
something

Used to emphasize that

something is completely
-
done (refers to the final
state or resulting of a
situation)
Used to indicate ones
conjecture or feelings based
on the outward appearance -
of a person, thing or event
(You look..)

-Focus on action being

completed already
-Cant use for emotional
state
-Dont use with verbs
used to indicate wearing
thing on your body
-Subject usually plans in
advance and does
intentionally
-Past tense follows

-/

-/

-Difference with
- is this
action is
completed not in
process

Used to express a certain

condition or result is
continued after an action or
change has been completed
(is -ed/ing)

Expression indicates that

the action in the P2 is done -/
based on the result of first -/
completing the action in P1

-/

- (only
Recognize P1s fact but it
when P1s matter
V/A does not affect P2s context
is not taking
(even if, regardless)
place)

-/

To speculate that P1 is the

V/A/
reason for P2 (guess
N(I)
maybe)

-/

V/A

-/

V/A

-/()

V/A/
N(I)

-/

-/
A

-Used with verbs that

dont need objects (,
, ) or passive
verbs (, ,
)
-Phrase indicates that the
speaker performed the
second action in different
location than that of the
first action
-Tense shown P2

-/
Cant use
used at end
imperative/suggestive
of sentence

When something in P1
makes it impossible for
something to be
accomplished
-When the P2s action is
taken when it reaches
certain timing
-To emphasize that it is
difficult for P2 to take place
having P1 as the condition
-To show that P1 is
-/()
necessary condition to
(used in speeches
accomplish P2
-To indicate the futility of reports)
-/
expecting the result
described in P2 regardless -/
of P1
Used when the speaker is
making a promise to
oneself, making a decision
to do something or simply
expressing such an
intention
Used to express the change
in condition (turn/become

P2 needs to be negative /

Used as second meaning () / -

often follow

-Cant end with past

tense/propositive/
imperative sentences
-Used in conversation
- /- / will often follow

-Past tense expresses a

change resulting from an

<Adj Attached>)

-/

-/

-/

-/

-/

V/A/
N(I)

V/A/
N(I)

Used when something is

not done directly by the
subject but done by
something else
-When something else takes
place that drastically
contrasts with something
that happened before (-/
express completion of
-/ (1)
action)
-Do an action and then
experience something
noteworthy/unexpected
(usually unplanned event)
-For something that has
been recognized after doing
certain action (Because P1
action new thing recognized -()
<P2>)
-To state the result after
doing something
When supposing something -/
(in past) opposite (what
-/
actually happened) and then -(/)
think about it (If past even (this can be used
happened different guess on both if or if not a
the result)
situation happens
-Modifies the following
noun and also indicates the
reminiscence of the past
-Modifies the following
noun and it is used to
describe that the matter has
ended
-Used to reminisce
something that has been
done only once

action performed in the

past
-Present tense used to
describe a change that
generally occurs when a
particular action is
performed

-Action must be
completely finished
-Subjects meed to match
-Actions should be
related/opposite

-When 3rd person

recalling completed
action and P2 subject
different, P1 subject
usually speaker
-Not past form of -
-Sometimes used with () to say it
was lucky you didnt do
something in the past
-Adj can refer to cases in
which the present
situation has become the
opposite or contrary to a
past situation or state of
affairs
-Or Adj can refer to cases
in which a past situation
has continued in the same
state until the present

Used to regret or feel sorry

Regret because they did
-/ V/A/ for something (Necessary -() (
not do something they

N(I) action was not

)
should have done
completed/achieved)
-More strongly
-/
emphasizes the verb
V/A/ Used to show ones hope or -
(//
-Desire for situation
N(I) wish
-()
opposite of what it
)
currently is
Used to show that
- use
something is more
- (used with interrogatives (who,
-
N important in deciding
for verbs)
when, where, what and
something (depends on <N
how many)
attached>
- /-
Used to say that result
use with
changes because of
- N
interrogatives (who,
something (according to <N
when, where, what and
attached>)
how many)
Used to indicate the place
-
-
N where certain action is
taking place
-Used to indicate that not
only what comes in P1, the
-In one normally negative
more realistic one that
comes in P2 is even hard to -/ in second part
-/
N

-In two used with

accomplish
-Shows that something is
(rather) often
different from what had
been expected
-Action must be
When P2s action takes
completely finished
-
V place as soon as P1s action -
-Cant use for imperative
is finished (as soon as)
and suggestive sentences
-()
- (present
When an action of P1 is
-Subjects can be different
tense only)
-
V taken as soon as certain
-Tense expressed in P2
- (cant for
action of P1 has been taken
imperative/sugge
stive)
-()
-Used wen talking about
-Typically spoken not
written
V/A/ something that both the
N(I) speaker and listener are
aware of or should be aware

of (as you know..)

Used when the speaker
emphasizes something that
he/she said to the listener
(Like I told you..)
-
-
-()
Used when something is
(used for
considered to be fair or easy
verbs)
is different than what had
-
N
-used with -/
been expected (not even <N
has the
attached>/worst case
meaning of not
scenario)
even../let
alone../not to
mention..
Used to suggest or
recommend something to
- ()?
V
someone else (what about
<V attached>)
Citation- Suggestive
-
sentences (negative)
-Used to indicate something
is better or worse than what
had been expected
-
N
-Used when everything is
the same without an
exception
Used to express that the
(-) -()
degree of P2 increases as
V/A

the action or situation of P1

continues
-,
refers to any,
depending on the particle ,
+()/
that follows it can either

N
refer to people or things, -,
+
+ is used to indicate
,
no one

Used to emphasize P1 when

it is the cause of P2 (I cant
-()/
- -
V/A believe <V/A attached>

describing P1 resulting in
P2

-Speaker either did not

expect or could not
anticipate an extreme
situation
-Use with negative
statements

Cant use with -/

Often used with -

(tend/generally so)

The more <V/A attached>

P2 happens

-Positive expression
follows + ()
-Negative expression
follows +

When using a V usually a

degree adverb is present

-/
Used to emphasize the

greatness of the degree of (used to refer

V/A/
-()/
the fact or situation (You to past situations
N(I)

have no idea how <V/A/N or states of

attached>
affairs)

-/

-()

-()/

-()
-
-

When an extreme degree of

V/A an actoin or state becomes
the reason for P2
Citation- Declaritive
sentences
Citation- Interrogative
sentences
Citation- Imperative
sentences
Citation- Imperative
sentences (negative)
Citation- Suggestive
sentences

-Only declarative
sentences
-Need a degree adverb
(, ) in from of V in
this form
-Cant use to express
feelings/attitude
The A/V in between the
clause shows what is the
extreme reason