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PART
L-

Exqm_$5-J*
Don't forget that
three of the answers
are there to distract
you from the correct
one. There may be
small but significant
differences in
meaning in the
answer sentences
so read carefully
and make sure you
understand how
one sentence differs
from another.

(1 hour 15 minutes)

You are going to read three extracts which are all concerned in some way with sports. For
questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the

.i.tt:rt:t\)jj1i.M#:.r:::l'

their
lf the traditional sports are losing
lile
risk
to
need
sparkle and you feel the
be
iust
and limb then street luging migh!
warning
of
word
a
First
you!
in. tpor, for
the faint of heart but
- *ni" i, not a iport for
to
if you do feel you have the courage
pulse
your
get
it is bound to

five

it a wniil,

ue as

idate.

and will
wintry couiterpart, ice luging'
an
orobablv never be recognised as

brief

rte is
v'ing,

llf l::!,:l!ii

ffi-ffireweeffiffiM&

racing.

t;ara*1fr

to its
Stieet luging bears little relation

lie down
bfympic sport. Street luge riders

I
i

a
flai on their backs and try to steer
to
similar
very
is
.trt.ttug. board, which
old skateboard' lt doesn't 3ound
* g*"d
-hazardous,

does it? The real danger

too
road that
comes from the steep, winding

reaching
they now hurtle down at speeds
it even
70 mph (115 km/h)' And to make
strictly
more risky, the use of brakes is

toio'oo.niThese riders are not ashamed

in
to taXe pleasure in risking everything
pursuit of an adrenalin buzz'
stop
You might be wondering howthey

be{ore

thly hit that brick wall that

only seen
approaches at speeds usually
to gravity
on'motorways? Well, it's down
Kevlar
and a sturdy pair of leather or

Kevlar

with no broken bones, will have

coming back for more!

The
L

fvioe

ting,

andl

According to the writer, street luge riders

A believe the sport should be acknowledged at an international level.
B have seen the sport becorne progressively more dangerous.
C seem to thrive on the danger involved in the sport.
D believe the sport is often unfairly labeled as too dangerous.

Why does the writer mention bullet-proof vests (line 30)?

to show what is needed to stop when moving at high speed
B to recommend clothing suitable for street luging
G to reassure readers that street luging is safe
D to emphasise the risks the riders are taking

aa

?)

boots. Perhaps you've heard of

vests are tine 30 i
it's the material that bullet-proof
$
long as
**.:
made of. This is a sport that' as
ii:
away
walk
to
able
f
are
and
you survive

l and

cutor

*#

You

s
u:,

invotving bolls and bots, but with this cruciol difference;

boseboll is exciting ond when you go home ot the end of the
doy you know who won.

l'm joking, of course. Cricket is o wonderful gome, full of deliciously

scottered micro-momenis of reol ociion, If o doctor ever instructs me to
toke o complete rest ond nof get over-excited, I sholl become o fon of once.
ln the meontime, however, I hope you will understond when Itetlyou thot my
heorl belongs to boseboll,
It's whot I grew up witl^ r, whot I ployed os o boy ond thot of course is vitolto ony meoningful
oppreciotion of o sport, t hod this brought home to me msny yeors ogo in Englond
when I went out onto o footboll pitch with o couple of guys io knock o boll oround.
I

hod wqtched footboll on TV ond thought I hod o foir ideo oJ whot wos required. so when
one of them lofted o boll in my direction, I decided to flick it cosuolly into the net
with my heod, the woy I hod seen Kevin Keegon do it, I thought thot it would be
like heilding o beochboll - thot there would be o gentle 'pon[ sound ond
thotthe bollwould lightly leove my brow ond drift in o pleosing orc into the
net, But of course it wos like heoding o bowling boll. I hove never felt

onything so stortlingly noi like I thought ii would feel, I wslked

oround for four hours on wobbly legs with o big red circle
ond the word M|TRE imprinted on my foreheod, ond

vowed never ogoin to do onYthing

so

foolish ond poinful.

The writer compares baseball and cricket in order to

A explain his preference for one over the other.
B emphasise the pointlessness of cricket.
C show how different they are to each other.
D explain his reasons for liking them.
The writer believes that he once had a bad experience while playing football

because

A his expectations of playing differed to the reality of it.

B he chose to head the ball instead of kicking it.
C he had overestimated his sporting talent'
D his opponents didn't take into account his lack of experience,

Wka*us

$e E&$qe fue$rxg ,;e

$p*r&s

$se & rxa&fiwxxm&

#mm*mxmw wn,&&er

mffiwspep*tr?

Andrew Baker shares his experience of sports journatism.

It isn't necessary to hold a journalism

To be a successful sports journalist, you need

the same curiosity, perseverance and literacy as

degree, but a degree of some kind is beneficial,

any other journalist, but also specialist knowledge

because

if

you wish to cover one sport in

particular;

you will have

experience of

marshalling your thoughts under pressure. In

an ideal world, all journalists would have an

diplomacy and humility if you need to cover many

sports (you will need to ask a lot of questions).
Also, the ability to write sensibly under extreme

essay-based degree and a postgraduate course

pressure is essential if you aspire to cover major

the nuts and bolts of sub-editing and how to

events live.

avoid legal howlers.

in journalism, especially important for knowing

Perhaps

the best part of being a

sports

journalist is travelling to interesting places and

meeting interesting people. Often, these are not
the PR-protected megastars, but the passionate
\tr,.'

individuals who can tell you what is so special

about their sport and, if you are lucky, give you

some first-hand experlience. In my case, l,ve

messed, about on Ellen MacArthui,s:boat at 3am
:,.,,::,

in a

Brazilian harbour, had

a special driving

lesson from an'FJ star and done a lot more fun

I

stuff that'had better not.be

recorded. '

r,

I:

According to the writer, one of the main benefits of obtaining a qualification in

journalism is
A becoming skilled in writing good quality essays.
B learning how to express ideas quickly and clearly.
C gaining knowledge of the practical details of journalism.
D learning how to deal with the stress associated with journalism.

what aspect of sports journalism is the writer emphasising in the third

paragraph?
A the chance to meet famous people
B the necessity of personal participation
C the satisfaction gained from contact with enthusiasts
D the fervour and dedication of some people he meets

AHT 2
you are going to read an extract from a magazine article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose
to
from the parigrapns A-G the one which fits each gap (7-12). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need
use.

tl@r
k

lEr
SUI

i@

ffi

gr

UIE

hr
From 30,000 ft. in the air, the Greenland ice cap seems

impregnable, nearly 800 trillion gallons of frozen water

locked safely away. But get closer and the cracks begin
to emerge. Dancing by helicopter above the mouth of the
lakobshavn Glacieq near the western coast of Greenland,
you can make out veins of the purest blue melt water
running between folds of ice.

ffi

Dahl-iensen at the NEEM camp in Greenland. NEEM

stands for North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (the
acronym is Danish, as are the leaders of the project), and
the scientists are digging deep into the Greenland ice more than a mile and a half deep to be precise - to try

to understand its pedigree.

ffim

lhE

DM

rffittr

ffiil
'nE

Those icebergs are spat out into Disko Bay, 20 billion

metric tons' worth every yea[ where they loom above
the tiny fishing boats that ply these deep, cold waters.
Sail close and you'll find that these seemingly permanent
cathedrals of ice, some 200 ft. to 300 ft. high, are leaking
water like broken pipes. They're fighting a war and they

If all the ice on Greenland were to melt tomorrow,

ft. - enough to

swamp many coastal cities. Though no one thinks that

happen anytime soon, what keeps glaciologists

awake at night is that thinking is not the same as
knowing - and no one can say with ceftaihty what
Greenland's fate will be.

will

got a firsthand look at such heroism this summer

when I joined a team of international researchers led by

fifid

@[
r@

{u

before the last ice age, when the world was warm - quite
warm, about 9'F hotter in Europe than it is today.

luiE

appear to be losing.

global sea levels would rise more than 20

fln

It's like tree rings but for climatic history, "In order to
predict the future, we have to understand the past," says
Minik Rosing, a geologist at the University of
Copenhagen. NEEM is focused on the Eemian stage, a
period from about 115,000 to 130,000 years ago, right

mfr

0[
Dahl-lensen believes that with enough information,
they will be able to project forward and understand just
how vulnerable Greenland is to future melting. "With 10
years of intense research, I think we can reach a reliable
estimate for that tipping point," she says.

ifri

ffi

.xfiu

lffiit

ilfl

a plume of mist fills the air where the

:m

iceberg once was, while the fiord churns on' And then I
wonder, just how much time do Greenland and the rest
of us have before it's too late? That may be up to us and the heroes we choose to follow.

&

watch as

th

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,,,PART 3
You are going to read a magazine article. For questions 13-19, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits
best according to the text.

,[

1U

lllx

:''rr':'

G'bbo was inspired,rto write Jle Decline and Falt of

t(4&oman'tmpire'iittingr on the *ip!lof'the capitol at
Rometone evenilg'listening to *1ei,i 96und:of monk
chantihg. My o*n inspiration to Ueiijrc..i historical

of Dr:Johnsons ndso&tu*:.:jA:,,man wtll turnr ovsi |itlf

1,,,,,.

:,1'',

library to make a book"

And.what abcxit,,ihose tabled thingi boasted qf onr: ,.,

blurbs: hitherto ,unpubliihed docum6n*? Obviousli 'i1

i5

';11': ':,:'):

ci$&sances, as .every researcher's dieam to discalYli'such paper!, and

I began to read their discovery oiiee again may make,e proiect commeriial 'r
afternoon:
, t""*g.t one rainy Oxford
I Lytton,strachel"s EminentVictorians; and was'in, par:ticular whi& would not btherwise'be io' Atr the same time I
fascinated by hiiiessalr on Cardinal }{anning.This was going
would ' issue a caveat abo,(t hitherto unPublished ,r' r.
plunged
into
I
sihool
back
at
, documents. HUD9tiid' not in themselves, mote valuable
to be the life for me! Once
further research in'the libraryA very differentiPtc&re than the printed sources - it's a historical'coincidence that
biographer eame in rather less elevated

..

emerged. Gradually ar I pursued the topic,l became aware

of Strachey's daring sallies into "artis.tic truth" (as opposed
to historical truth). Nevertheless I nevel forgot my o1g]nal
sense of being transported into a world more vivid than

ohe set has become known early on,thg other,not. Oneir'''

needs to evaluate tftem even more closely. Here I speak

rny own.

Cromwell just as I was finishing my manuscripc I blazoned

my finds across the text only to realise at the proof stage,
that they might be unpublished but they were not very
important in the grand scheme of things ... an expensive

An ability to convey this sensation is, I believe, at the

heart of the matter. lf you, the biographer' don't thrill to
your subject, you can hardly in all fairness expect the

2l

reader to do so. ln a sense (not of course the commercial

sense) the choice of sublect is irrelevant so long as it
meets that requirement.You could say that I was extremely
luc$ to choose Mary Queen of Scots for my first foray

since there proved to be a world-wide public for the

troubles of the ill{ated Queen. But you could argue equally
that I made my own luck, since I had always been obsessed
by Mary's story from childhood. Nor was success foreordained. lt was, after all, the leading publisher Mark
Bonham-Carter of (then) Collins who said to me when I
confessed my project, "They say that all books on Mary
Queen of Scots sell and no books on South America do",
before adding with a laugh, "Perhaps yours will be the
exception."

Nevertheless

I did have luck. ln the 60s, so-called

narrative biography was said to be out of fashion' Mary

Queen of Scots was an early beneficiary from the fact that
the public continued to have an appetite for it, so long as
the research was felt to be solid.

The actual research for a biography

now that's

whole other matter.The paramount need for it - historical

truth not Stracheyesque truth must be established
means that biographers discover for themselves the reality

from personal experience.A series of chances led me to

discovering some hitherto unpublished letters,,' of Oliver

mistake.

Where the perils and pleasures of writing historical

biography are concerned, there are two perils which seem
to me to raise points of principle.The first is the peril of
anachronistic iudgements. For example, in the l6th century
more or less everybody took astrolory seriously and more
or less everybody enjoyed a jolly afternoon out to see the

bears baited.

lt's no good

meaningless and cringing

dismissing

the former

as

from the latter as disgusting.

would further cite the peril of hindsight.We may know

that HenryVlll will marry six times, but he didn't, and he
would have been amazed if it had been predicted at the
time of his first marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
I

And the pleasuresl Manifold! Principal among them

however is the opportunity
to lead a life less ordinary.
As a biographer, I can rule
over kingdoms, lead the
cavalry into battle, patronise
the great artists of the past
and all without leaving my
chair.

line

.r

fits

think

EXOm

13

Read the text

utremely carefully

h order to
':;':,:;;1t;:;tl;

, .:..''"t:
,:,":1:l;::.:.

'..

drstinguish between
apparently similar
viewpoints,
outcomes or

14

reasons.

alf *:,;'1r

I on,,r :

it is
and

r,
,,,

'.
neI':

15

rcial

;hed

*,"

that:

.
':,,,'

One'"
peak

eto

16

,liver

rned

tage,

Yery

'sive

I
6
&

rrical

17

ieem

ril of

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w

l
I
I:

:I

rtury line
nore
: the

n
fl

ras

18

fr

now

dhe

fin

I the

t
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19

t[
r
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re
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iPARr 4
)L_

ExqmJ&-J*

you are going to read some reviews of wildlife books. For questions 20-34, choose from
the reviews (A-G).The reviews may be chosen more than once'

rilfi
ilry!

Read the questions

first and underline
the key words so
that you know
exactly what you are
looking for in the

IITE

ln which review are the following mentioned?

ft

t[fr.

feelings of inadequacy in relation to others

lm
ilftr

texts.

ilhE

the fact that the reviewer does not apologise for selecting the book

filll

rh

a failure to respond sufficiently to an appeal

tfill

ds

ul

the fact that an author openly reveals details of a personal nature

readers being able to identify with an authorls linerof thinking

IIIIE

ilii

tll
an author's succdssful exploration of the most oentral aspects

of a matter

fdlir

s[

IIIIG

id

the successful portrayal of an instinctive connection

&

an ignorance of deeper meanings, which later became apBarent

f,l

a well-organised and aesthetically pleasing book

'llitr

a reviewer's changed reaction to a creature since reading the book

,d

th

flt

the book provokes'a reacJion even if readers''oplnions differ from

those of the authorls

lffi

t!
a suggestion that a book was not aniobvious choicelor a reviewer

lN

o
an author rekindling a lost closeness with the naturalworld
an assurance.that knowlOdge acquired will enhance a reader's
appreciation of nature

fll

rfrit

I
I

14

multiple descriptionsof the same thing

ti&
li

*ffifld S*ds
roose from
Malcolm Tait, editor of Coing, Going, Cone?, an illustrated
compilation of 100 animals and plants in danger of extinction,
reviews his favourite wildlife books.
A: Nature Cure by Ricllard Mabey
lf the best wildlife writing reveals as much about the writer as the
wildlife itself, then this is the best of them all. Mabey is brutally
trank and honest about his own life, his depression, and his fear
that nature may no longer hold the answers for him. The more he
tries to engage with it, the more disconnected from the world he
feels. But the book charts his path out of despair, as he finds a

rvay to let nature back in and fire up the wild bits of his
imagination. lt's a fascinating book, written in Mabey,s richly
evocative language, and it's painful too: probably the best
understanding of 'biophilia', mankind's innate relationship with
nature, out there.

iungle Book by Rudyard Kipling

hlpling, I think, was where much of it began for me. I adored his
animal tales as a lad, such as the idiosyncratic, rocking-chair-byB: The

*re.fireside fables of the Just So Stories and the heroic and

:uspense-filled Rikki-tikki-tavi. But it was The Jungle Book that

of tife by EO Wilson
fascinating book which is a great example of
conservation-based writing. The ecological debate will always
E: The Future

Here's

of life were represented by the forces of nature. Of course, I

didn't understand all this at the time
- ljust loved reading about
Baloo, Bagheera and all and singing along to the songs of the

rage on
should mankind continue to experiment with new
sciences and discoveries, or are we destroying our world and
ourselves in the process
and Wilson gets to the heart of the
arguments superbly, driven by a constant love of the animals with

Disney version

which we share the planet. Agree with him or not, he's

anrd

stimulating writer and this is a stimulating book.

:'eally gripped me, a rite of passage yarn in which the vicissitudes

- but I now realise that I grew up with Mowgli,

that l've been going back to the jungle ever since.

C How to be a Bad Birdwatcher

by Simon Barnes

]ou know the feeling: you're reading

boo( and

as you turn every

page you're nodding in agreemen! as if the writer has popped into
ror-rr head and committed your own thoughts to paper. This is one
a

':r fiose books. It's about being a normal birdwatcher, reasonably

rrorvledgeable, constantly passionate, but often a bit confused as to
iuhd r.ou've seen or heard, and with the vague feeling that everyone
else rotr're
mrro

with knows so much more. It's the book for those of us

ind birdwatching pleasurable, not competitive,

'iunn'to boot. Ialways smile, now, when I see

rn,on:

and it's terribly

a sparrowhawk. I urge

to read this book to find out why.

IL Field Cuide to the Dragonflies and Damselflies of Great

Britain and Northern lreland by Steve Brooks and Richard

World's Vanishing Animals by Cyril l-iftlewood and DW

Ovenden
An unashamedly nostalgic. choice. Published in two volumes
(mammals and birds) in 1969, this was my introduction to the
idea that extinction wasn't just for dinosaurs and dodos. I used to
pore over Denys Ovenden's illustrations of familiar polar bears
and black rhinos, dnd less familiar takahes and nyalas, and
wonder whether I could do any.thing to help. Published by the
Wildlife Youth Service, part of Peter Scott's WWF, it was a call to
action for young folk. Trouble is, we haven't fully listened to it.
The book's dustjacket records that about 1,000 animal species
were faced with extinction at time of publication: today, the
World Conservation Union's Red List of animals about which to
F: The

be concerned contains over '16,000 entries.

lewington

roir.:

G: The Peregrine byfA Baker

:mk.

The last in my list is, perhaps oddly, a book I haven't yet read. l,ve
included it because l've only recently heard about it, I can't wait
to read it, and I don't see why I can't find something new in this

can't have a list of wildlife books without including a guide

l've gone for this excellent little number, partly because it,s
:earh, written and well laid out, partly because it's superbly
[J[r:;strated, but mainly because a whole new world has opened up
:on rne since buying it. lf you've never looked closely at nature

seiore, this book will set you in the right direction, and I
{:;arantee that as you get to know these fascinating creatures
,, u'll have new marvels to understand and enjoy every time you

list, as well as you. By all accounts, the book is a reminder of the

wildness of England (it was published in'1967), and a tour de
force of language as Baker explains over and over again, yet
grippingly and compellingly, the daily hunts of a local falcon.

:arie a summer walk.

Sounds superb.

ffi&Br
end of some
arnple at the

hm

For questions 38-42 think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three
sentences. Here is an example (0).

ftad sentences
nry carefully
hause there

fl

be clues

qarding

She commented that it was about ........t.1I,.9.....,.. she started helping more around

the house.
People's eating habits have drastically changed over ......,tim.9........
We took ........tim.?........ to stop and admire the view on our journey.

and

-aning
class.
md

Example:

TIME

I:O

38 I can't buy any new clothes at the moment; l'm completely

The vase
..... after the cat knocked it otf the shelf.
Tim lost everything when his company went ..........
Eventually it ........................ out to be a beautiful day.
Brian
to his father for support after his terrible accident.
green in the wash!
your
T-shirt;
it
Sorry about

..........

..............

40

.........,..

enough, he did.
I expected John to call me that night and
Be
to lock the door when you leave the house.

........;.....

41

Apparently, Jim and Mary's house is ........................ twice what it was when

they bought it.

He told her that it

wasn't

..... getting so upset over something so

small.

The storm caused thousands of

pounds'

..... of damage to

people's homes.

42

The noise had been getting on Samantha's

Tom often goes jogging to calm

his

.............

all morning.

..... before making a

presentation.
He damaged some of

the

..... in his hand in the accident.

fxom
lf your idea

doesn't fit
naturally into 3-6
words, don't
force it. lt's
probably wrong.

For questions 43-50 complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use
three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).

He always gives the impression that he's very confident.

ACROSS
He

always

Example:

.............:.....

I COITIES ACROSS

AS BEING

......very confident.

l'm sure Sarah didn't mean to hurt your feelings.

INTENT!ON
l'm sure Sarah
...................

. your feelings.

44 Andrew's behaviour was unforgivable.

EXCUSE

There's

...... Andrew behaved.

We need the public's support for the project to work.

SUCCEED
Whether the

project

.... on the

public's support.
46 I usually drink a cup of coffee first thing in the morning.
HABIT
I

am

..........

. a cup of coffee first thing in the morning.

'Why don't you go to the dentist's, Steve?' said his wife.

SUGGESTED

Steve's wife

...........

to the dentist's.

48 Could you please pass me my book?

KIND

Would

as to pass me my book?

There isn't much chance that Sue will win the race.
PROSPECTS

50 Ken's lies completely deceived me.

TAKEN

................

Ken's lies.