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Chapter 3

The chapter outlines the methodology used in the study. An experimental method was used to test concrete mixtures containing 0%, 10%, and 20% sugarcane ash. Samples were made and tested at the NEUST laboratory and DPWH facility in Cabanatuan City. The procedure involved making cylindrical samples for compression testing and concrete hollow blocks. Concrete mixtures were prepared according to standard specifications and replacing 20% of cement with sugarcane ash. Samples were tested for compressive strength, density, water absorption, and used to produce blocks.

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LambertoTalplacidoJr.
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
755 views

Chapter 3

The chapter outlines the methodology used in the study. An experimental method was used to test concrete mixtures containing 0%, 10%, and 20% sugarcane ash. Samples were made and tested at the NEUST laboratory and DPWH facility in Cabanatuan City. The procedure involved making cylindrical samples for compression testing and concrete hollow blocks. Concrete mixtures were prepared according to standard specifications and replacing 20% of cement with sugarcane ash. Samples were tested for compressive strength, density, water absorption, and used to produce blocks.

Uploaded by

LambertoTalplacidoJr.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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19

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the method of research used, the
research locale and experimental procedures in the conduct
of this project.
Method of Research
Experimental method of research was employed by this
study.
using

Trials
0%,

10%

of

different

and

20%

percentages

were

of

experimented

sugarcane
in

order

ash
to

determine the compressive strength, block density and water


absorption

of

the

mixture

in

producing

concrete

hollow

blocks.
Research Locale
The study was conducted at Civil Engineering Laboratory
Room specifically at Nueva Ecija University of Science and
Technology

(NEUST)

Gen.

Tinio

St.,

Cabanatuan

City.

The

testing of samples was conducted at the Department of Public


Works and Highways located in San Isidro, Cabanatuan City.

20

Actual Procedure of the Study


The actual procedures of the study consisted of three
stages namely: experimental procedure, making cylindrical
samples for compression test, and making concrete hollow
blocks sample.
1. Experimental Procedure
Two

sets

of

experiments

were

conducted.

First,

two

trials were made in order to test which of the two sets of


percentage will be used. One having 10% of sugarcane ash and
the second set had 20% sugarcane ash. Because the second set
obtained

bigger

value

of

compressive

strength,

the

researchers used this group as the experimental group. The


first group was the control group and the other group as
experimental group. For the control group, the researchers
provided sample in accordance with standard specifications
(such as the ratio of raw materials). For the experimental
group, the researchers provided another set of sample as the
experimental group and the two sets of group were compared.
The

following

researchers

in

order

procedures
to

were

achieve

conducted

the

best

concrete hollow blocks using sugarcane ash.


Group A Control Group

by

the

product

for

21

0% sugarcane ash was used in this trial in concrete


mix. For stronger concrete, the ratio used was 1:2:3
for cement, sand and gravel respectively.

this trial was in accordance with American Standard


for Testing Materials
Group B Experimental Group

20% of the actual volume of cement was replaced by


sugarcane ash

2. Making Cylindrical Samples for Compression Test


The

following

procedures

were

conducted

by

the

researchers in making cylindrical samples for compression


test.
2.1

The outside of the mold was labelled with an

appropriate identification mark, the researchers were


careful not to label the lids or tops.
2.2
The cylinder molds were placed on a level surface.
2.3 The method of consolidation was determined. In this
experiment, slump more than 1-inch (25-mm) used rodding
instead

of

vibrating

although

vibrating

is

also

permitted.
2.4

The number of layers of concrete to be placed in the


mold was determined. For concrete to be consolidated

22

with the tamping rod, three equal layers for 6 diameter


2.5

- 12-inch cylinders was placed inside the mold.


The concrete mix was placed in the mold by distributing
it around the inside of the mold with the scoop. Then,
the layer was consolidated by rodding 25 times evenly

2.6

distributed around the layer.


The sides of the mold were tapped 10-15 times with the
mallet after each layer in order to close any insertion

2.7

holes formed by the rod.


The top was stroked off with a wooden float to produce
a flat, even and level surface and it was covered with
a plastic lid.
3. Determination of Water Absorption

3.1

Full size blocks were completely immersed in clean

water in room temperature for 24hours.


3.2
The blocks were removed from the water and allowed
to drain for 1 minute by placing them on a 10mm or
coarser

wire

mesh

where

visible

removed with damped cloth.


3.3
The saturated and surface

water
dry

surface
blocks

was
were

immediately weighed.
3.4
After weighing all blocks they were dried in a
ventilated oven at 100

c to 1150

c from less than

24hrs and until 2 successive weighing at intervals of


2hrs showed an increment of lose not greater than 0.2

23

percent of the last previously determined mass of the


specimen.
3.5

Three blocks were tested and stored in airtight

containers at normal room temperature. No tests were


repeated.
3.6 The block was weighed on a balance sensitive to
lb. (Weight A).
3.7 The block was completely immersed in water at a
temperature of 14C. to 18C for twenty-four hours. The
block shall then be weighed while suspended with a
metal wire and completely submerged in water (Weight
B).
3.8 It was removed from the water and allowed to drain
for one minute by placing it in a in. or coarser
wire mesh, visible surface water removed with a damp
cloth, and the block immediately weighed (Weight C).
3.9

The block shall then be dried in an oven at 100C. to


115C. and weighed at twenty-four hour intervals until
the loss of weight does not exceed 1 per cent. in a
twenty-four hour period (Weight D).

3.10 The absorption of the block was calculated as follows :

24

Absorption , lb. per cu . ft .=(WT . CWT . D)(62.4)/(WT . CWT . B)

4. Making Concrete Hollow Blocks Sample


4.1
The concrete molds were set up in the exact shape
the researchers want the blocks to be.
4.2
The researchers manually mix the cement with clean
sand. The ratio was 3 parts sand to 1 part cement for
normal types of concrete. For stronger concrete, the
researchers made the mixture of 2 parts sand to 1 part
cement. Note that 0%, 10%, 20% (for trial 1, trial 2
and

trial

3,

respectively)

of

cement

should

be

eliminated as this percentage was the percentage of


sugarcane ash in the mixture.
4.3
Add gravel or crushed limestone to the mixer. The
amount

of

gravel

should

roughly

equal

the

combined

sand-and-concrete mixture: 3 parts gravel to 2 parts


sand, plus 1 part cement. You may need to experiment a
bit: With too much gravel, you won't be able to get a
smooth consistency to your concrete.
4.4
Slowly water was added into the mixture, stirring
it until it reached the right consistency. The mixture
was checked as the researchers stirred by scooping a
sample of the mixture into a slump cone, measuring it
off

and

determine

seeing

how

that

the

much

the

mixture

mixture
contained

settled.
the

To

right

25

combination of ingredients, the mixture should settle


about 3 to 4 inches into the cone.
3.5 The mixing was continued for several more minutes
until it is consistent throughout.
3.6

water-based

inside
3.7

the

concrete-releasing

mold.

This

will

let

agent
the

was

sprayed

concrete

block

easily removed from the mold once it has hardened.


The concrete was carefully poured into the mold, and
then the top was leveled off using a trowel or a wooden
board. The mixture was tapped to help it settle, and to

get rid of any air pockets in the mold.


3.8 The concrete was allowed to harden for at least 24
hours

before

removing

it

from

the

mold.

Then

the

concrete was pressed down on the completed block while


simultaneously pulling up on the mold. The block is
spring free so that the mold can be reused to make
more blocks.

26

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