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Chapter 10 NOTES

The document summarizes the history of Inner and East Asia from the Tang Dynasty to 1200 CE. It discusses the Tang Dynasty in China and how it combined Chinese and Central Asian influences through trade, spreading Buddhism, and facilitating cultural exchange. It then describes political developments, including the decline of the Tang and emergence of rival states like the Uighurs, Tibetans, Liao, and Song in China. The document concludes by covering the development of new kingdoms in East Asia like Korea, Japan, and Vietnam and how they were influenced by and traded with China while maintaining their own identities.

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140 views

Chapter 10 NOTES

The document summarizes the history of Inner and East Asia from the Tang Dynasty to 1200 CE. It discusses the Tang Dynasty in China and how it combined Chinese and Central Asian influences through trade, spreading Buddhism, and facilitating cultural exchange. It then describes political developments, including the decline of the Tang and emergence of rival states like the Uighurs, Tibetans, Liao, and Song in China. The document concludes by covering the development of new kingdoms in East Asia like Korea, Japan, and Vietnam and how they were influenced by and traded with China while maintaining their own identities.

Uploaded by

dude
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 10 Inner and East Asia


The Early Tang Empire, 618--755
1. Tang Origins
After the reunification of China under the Sui Dynasty, the
Tang soon came to power.
They avoided over-centralization by allowing local nobles,
gentry, officials, and religious establishments to exercise
significant power.
The Tang continued the process of examining candidates for
bureaucratic office on the classic Confucian texts, but also
appreciated the Turkic culture of Inner Asia, for instance,
combining traditional Chinese weapons w/inner Asian
expertise in horsemanship & use of iron stirrups.

B. Buddhism and the Tang Dynasty


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The Tang Emperors legitimized their control by using the


Buddhist idea that kings are spiritual agents who bring their
subjects into a Buddhist realm.
Mahayana Buddhism was the most important school of
Buddhism in Central and East Asia.
Buddhism spread through Central and East Asia, following
the trade routes that converged on the Tang capital,
Changan.
3. To Changan by Land
and Sea
Changan was the destination of ambassadors from other
states who were sent to China under the tributary system.
Foreigners in Changan lived in special compounds. Roads
and canals, including the Grand Canal, brought people and
goods to the city.
Large Chinese commercial ships plied the sea routes to
Southeast Asia, carrying large amounts of goods.

Trade and Cultural Exchange


Tang China combined Central Asian influences, transmitted
mostly by Turkic peoples, with Chinese culture, bringing
polo, grape wine, tea, and spices.
Tang roads, river transport, and canals facilitated a
tremendous growth in trade. Tang China exported more than
it imported, with high-quality silks and porcelain being
among its most desired products.
Rivals for Power in Inner Asia and China

A. The Uigher and Tibetan Empires


1. The most serious rivals to the Tang Empire were the Uighers
and Tibetans.
2. The Uighers, a Turkic group, built an empire in Central Asia.
3. Tibet was a large empire with access to South & Southeast
Asia.

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Upheavals and Repression, 750879


In 840, the Chinese government moved to crush the Buddhist
monasteries and Confucian (Neo-Confucianism) ideology
was reasserted. The reason for the crackdown was that
Buddhism was seen as undermining the family system and
eroding the tax base by accumulating tax-free land and
attracting hundreds of thousands of people to become monks
and nuns.
Buddhism also had been used to legitimize womens
participation in politics see the career of Wu Zhao who took
control of the government & declared herself emperor.
The crackdown on Buddhism also brought the destruction of
many Buddhist cultural artifacts.
The End of the Tang Empire, 879907
The Tang Empire declined when political decay and military
decline undermined the social order.
None of the smaller kingdoms were able to integrate territory
on the scale of the Tang. As a result, East Asia was cut off
from the Islamic world and Europe.
The Emergence of East Asia, to 1200

A. The Liao and Jin Challenge


1. After the decline of the Tang Empire, the states that emerged
were Liao, Song, and Jin.
2. The Song developed seafaring & strengthened contacts w/
Korea, Japan & Southeast Asia, but had to pay the Liao in
return for peace.
B. Song Industries
1. Historians believe that Song technological innovations led to
the Song coming close to having an industrial revolution.
2. Important technological innovations of the Song Empire
included the stern-mounted rudder, high-quality steel,
improvements of the compass and gunpowder
C. Economy and Society in Song China
1. According to Neo-Confucianism, the ideal person is the sage.
2. The civil service exam, introduced during the Tang, reached
its mature form during the Song. By instituting civil service
examinations for entrance into the government bureaucracy,
the Song recruited the most talented men for government
service.
3. With the invention of moveable type, the Song government
was able to mass-produce authorized preparation texts for
exams.

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As prosperity and population increased in Song China,


Chinese officials developed water management, waste
management, and firefighting techniques.
The Song system of credit was based on guarantees that paper
money could be redeemed for coinage. This was called flying
money.
During the Song period, women experienced subordination
and social restriction, epitomized by the practice of
footbinding.

IV New Kingdoms in East Asia


A. Korea
4. Confucianism spread to East Asia with the spread of the
Chinese writing system.
5. The Korean hereditary elite absorbed Confucianism &
Buddhism from China and passed them along to Japan.
6. In the early tenth century, Korea was united under the Koryo
dynasty.
B. Japan
1. Japan formed a unified state in the fourth or fifth century at
Yamato on Honshu Island.
2. In the mid-seventh century, the rulers of Japan implemented a
series of political reforms to establish a centralized
government, legal code, national histories, architecture, and
city planning based on the model of Tang China. However,
they adapted it to the needs of Japan & maintained their
owned concept of kingship and kept the native Shinto religion
alongside Buddhism.
3. Japanese emperors seldom wielded any real political power.
4. Women of the aristocracy became royal consorts, thus linking
the courts with their own kinsmen.
5. During the Heian period (794-1185), the Fujiwara clan
dominated the Japanese government. The Fujiwara family of
Heian Japan chose to entrust responsibility for local
government to their warriors because they preferred aesthetic
pursuits.
6. By the late 1000s warrior clans became powerful & one took
control of Japan as the Kamakura Shogunate.
C.
Vietnam
1. Vietnam's economic and political life centered on the Red
River valley in the north and the Mekong River valley in the
south.
2. Economic & cultural assimilation took place during Tang and
Song times, when the elite of Annam (northern Vietnam)
modeled their high culture on the Chinese. Annam eventually
established itself as an independent state under the name Dai
Viet.

3.

In the south, the kingdom of Champa cultivated a relationship


with Song China and exported the fast-maturing Champa rice
to China.

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