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Rotordynamics: Unit 4 - Modeling Journal Bearings

This document discusses modeling journal bearings in rotordynamic finite element analysis. It describes journal bearings as springs and dampers that connect a rotating shaft to a rigid structure. Key variables include displacements, rotations, spring stiffnesses, and damping coefficients. Static bearing calculations are performed to determine the shaft's equilibrium position based on forces like weight. Fluid pressure distributions are calculated, and dynamic bearing coefficients are determined based on the static position and used to populate stiffness and damping matrices in the finite element model. Bearing misalignments may also be accounted for in the static calculations.

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Farouk Hamdoon
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126 views

Rotordynamics: Unit 4 - Modeling Journal Bearings

This document discusses modeling journal bearings in rotordynamic finite element analysis. It describes journal bearings as springs and dampers that connect a rotating shaft to a rigid structure. Key variables include displacements, rotations, spring stiffnesses, and damping coefficients. Static bearing calculations are performed to determine the shaft's equilibrium position based on forces like weight. Fluid pressure distributions are calculated, and dynamic bearing coefficients are determined based on the static position and used to populate stiffness and damping matrices in the finite element model. Bearing misalignments may also be accounted for in the static calculations.

Uploaded by

Farouk Hamdoon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rotordynamics: Unit 4

- Modeling Journal Bearings


Bernhard Bettig
Mechanical Design Research Lab
Mechanical Engineering - Engineering Mechanics Dept.
Michigan Technological University
Web site: http://www.me.mtu.edu/~mdrl
1

Journal Bearing
The journal bearing appears in the
dynamic finite element equations as a
spring and damper.
It appears at one node, linking the shaft
to a rigid structure.
It has 4 degrees of freedom:

Important Variables
The displacements and rotations at the
node: u, v, , .
The spring stiffnesses: kxx, kxy, kyx, kyy,
k, k, k, k.
The spring damping: cxx, cxy, cyx, cyy,
c, c, c, c.
The beam rotation:
3

Important Assumptions
No displacements in the Z direction.
Linearization: u, v, , and are small.
Short bearing: and are much smaller
than u and v and the bearing clearance
does not change measurably in the Z
direction.

The Finite Element Matrices

cu& + ku = F
c xx
c
yx
0

cxy
c yy
0
0

0
0
c
c

0 u& k xx
0 v& k yx
+
c & 0

c & 0

k xy
k yy
0
0

0
0
k
k

0 u Fx
0 v Fy
=
k M

k M

Note that u, v, , and in the u matrix have been rearranged from lectures 2 and 3 to show that the u and v
lateral vibrations are coupled and and angular
vibrations are coupled, but the lateral vibrations are not
coupled with the angular vibrations.

Journal Bearing Parameters


In order to determine the c and k coefficient
values, we must consider the physical effects
taking place in the bearing.

Static Bearing Calculations


The first thing we need to do is determine
the static (mean) position of the shaft in
the bearing.

Static Bearing Calculations


Static lateral forces act on the shaft to
push it to one side of the bearing.

The weight of the rotor (in horizontal rotors),


Generator magnetic forces due to stator offset,
Turbine net static forces,
Forces due to thrust bearing angular misalignment,
Forces due to guide bearing misalignments (when
there are 3 or more guide bearings).

These lateral forces are balanced by the


pressure of the fluid in the bearing.
8

Fluid Pressure Calculations


The fluid pressures can be calculated
using Reynolds equation:

Fluid Pressure Calculations


The boundary conditions for a
journal bearing are:
p = 0 at z = 0 and z = LB ,
p equals the feeding pressure at supply grooves,
p=

p p
=
= 0 at the film trailing edge
Z
(Reynolds boundary condition)

10

Fluid Pressure Calculations


At Z = LB/2, the pressure distribution
looks like:

11

Fluid Pressure Calculations


The exact fluid pressure distribution,
p(Z, ), can vary.
The peak may be higher or lower,
The angle at which it occurs may
change,
The shape may be slightly different.

This is dependent on the position of


the shaft in the bearing, given by u
and v (or e0 and , in slide 7).
12

Fluid Pressure Calculations


The net force of the fluid pressure
can be found through integration:

13

Static Bearing Calculations


In static equilibrium the net fluid
forces Fx and Fy are balanced by the
static lateral shaft forces (W in slide
7).
It is therefore possible to determine
the relationship between Fx and Fy
(or W) and u and v (or e0 and ).
14

Static Bearing Calculations


The Sommerfeld number can be used
to look up these relationships in graphs.

where:

15

Static Bearing Calculations


Use the Sommerfeld (S) number to find the
eccentricity (e0)
Then use the eccentricity to find the angle .

16

Dynamic Bearing Coefficients


Once the static shaft position is known
(e0 and ), the dynamic coefficients can
also be found from graphs.

17

Dynamic Bearing Coefficients

18

Bearing Misalignment
Bearing misalignments are
important if:
The misalignments cause the bearing
clearance to vary significantly in the Z
direction. (We do not allow this.)
There are more than two bearings
(guide + thrust) and the misalignments
are of the same order of magnitude as
the eccentricity calculated above.

19

Bearing Misalignment
Examples for second case:

20

10

Bearing Misalignment
For the second case, bearing misalignments are included by subtracting the
offset values from the u and v displacements when performing the static
bearing calculations.
ubearing,static = uFE,static Xoffset
vbearing,static = vFE,static - Yoffset

21

Sample Questions
1. A horizontal, rotating shaft weighing 50 kg
(including all rotating masses) is supported
equally by two journal bearings. The shaft
diameter is 200 mm at the bearing. The
bearing length is 200 mm and the average
bearing clearance is 5 mm.
What is the static position of the shaft in the
bearings if the shaft is rotating at 200 rpm,
the bearing fluid is Teresso 46 and the
bearing temperature is 60 C.
2. What are the values of the dynamic
coefficients. Put them into the matrices.
22

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