Assignment Two: Dennis Wanyoike DIT-035-0022/2009 2/7/2010
Assignment Two: Dennis Wanyoike DIT-035-0022/2009 2/7/2010
MIS
DIT-0303
Dennis Wanyoike DIT-035-0022/2009
2/7/2010
Contents
Contents..................................................................................................................... 2
PROTOTYPING.............................................................................................................3
Advantages of Prototyping:.....................................................................................3
Disadvantages of Prototyping.................................................................................3
End User Development............................................................................................4
Application Software................................................................................................5
Outsourcing............................................................................................................. 5
Organizational Change...............................................................................................6
AUTOMATION........................................................................................................... 6
BPR..........................................................................................................................7
PARADIGM SHIFT..................................................................................................... 8
RATIONALIZATION OF PROCEDURES.......................................................................8
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PROTOTYPING
Prototyping is the process of building a model of a system. In terms of an
information system, prototypes are employed to help system designers build an
information system that intuitive and easy to manipulate for end users. Prototyping
is an iterative process that is part of the analysis phase of the systems development
life cycle.
Advantages of Prototyping:
Disadvantages of Prototyping
1. Can lead to insufficient analysis.
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2. Users expect the performance of the ultimate system to be the same as the
prototype.
4. Can cause systems to be left unfinished and/or implemented before they are
ready.
Advantages
Disadvantages
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5. Incompatibles prevent sharing
6. Can be used to circumvent control processes, such as the steering
committee
7. Generally produces narrow, inflexible systems with short lives
Application Software
Advantages
Disadvantages
Outsourcing
Outsourcing occurs when a business secures (purchases) products and/or services
from a third party, as opposed to producing them in-house.
Advantages
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3. Outsourcing gives a business the flexibility to change third-party vendors
whenever necessary.
Disadvantages
2. Not only is this a waste of time and materials, it can also be very costly for
the company who outsourced the project.
Organizational Change
AUTOMATION
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control. In the fields of communications, aviation, and astronautics, for example,
such devices as automatic telephone switching equipment, automatic pilots, and
automated guidance and control systems are used to perform various operations
much faster or better than could be accomplished by humans. In a correlation to
being a radical change in an organization, automation is the type of change that
uses technology to the tasks in an organization more efficiently and effectively.
Basically the goal of automation is the increased efficiency of the operations in an
organization. Calculating paychecks and payroll registers, giving bank tellers instant
access to customers deposit records this are all examples of automation.
BPR
Business process reengineering is the reorganization of way business is run. It is a
management approach that examines aspects of a business and their interaction
and attempts to improve the efficiency of the underlying processes.
It is in business process reengineering in which business processes are analyzed,
simplified and redesigned. Using information technology, organizations can rethink
and streamline their business processes to improve speed, service and quality.
Business reengineering reorganizes work flows, combining steps to cut waste and
eliminating repetitive, paper intensive tasks. Its usually much more ambitious thank
rationalization of procedures, requiring a new vision of how the process is to be
organized.
Reengineering is the radical redesign of business processes that depends upon
information technology intensive radical redesign of workflows and work processes.
Compared to automation and rationalization of procedures, business process
reengineering change conquers higher risk however it also covers the possibility of
higher rewards for the organization.
Rationalizing procedures and redesigning business processes are limited to specific
parts of a business. New information systems can ultimately affect the design of the
entire organization by transforming how the organization carries out its business or
even the nature of the business.
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PARADIGM SHIFT
Paradigm shift involves rethinking the nature of the business and the nature of the
organization. In many instances firms seeking paradigm shift and pursuing
reengineering strategies achieve stunning, order or magnitude increases in their
returns on investment.
RATIONALIZATION OF PROCEDURES