SoaringDigest

Radi

November 2012

C ntr lled

Vol. 29, No. 11

CONTENTS

November 2012
Vol. 29, No. 11
Front cover: James Mercado builds line tension prior to

launching his Xplorer 4000. Photo taken at the 2012 World

Soaring Masters, held at the AMA flying site in Muncie Indiana,
by Mark Nankivil. Coverage of the event by Mike Reagan with
more photos from Mark begins on page 63.
Canon EOS Rebel T3i, ISO 100, 1/250 sec., f13.0, 36.0 mm

RC Soaring Digest Editorial

F5J Aircraft Design

Marc Pujol details the initial concept and evolution of his

Genoma2 with text and numerous illustrations.

40

Toba F3B/F3F from RCRCM and OleRC.com

60

KST DS125MG servo

Reviewed by Andy Page.

Bill and Bunny Kuhlman review this metal gear, thin wing,
digital servo from KST and OleRC.com.

World Soaring Masters 2012 63

Event coverage with text by Mike Reagan and photos by

Mark Nankivil.

Scenes from F3J Samba Cup 2012 94

A photo essay by Martin Pilny <http://www.PiNa.cz>.

Inexpensive Model Storage

A reclaimed styrofoam box gets a new life.

A Stuart Bradley creation.

108

Back cover: An Enjoy3 passes in front of the partial moon.

Photo taken by Martin Pilney <http://www.pina.cz> at the F3J

Samba Cup 2012. More of Martin's photos from this event can
be seen starting on page 94.
Nikon D300, ISO 200, 1/1250 sec., f5.6, 200mm

R/C Soaring Digest

R/C Soaring Digest

November 2012

Volume 29 Number 11
Managing Editors, Publishers
Contact

B2 Kuhlman

[email protected]
http://www.rcsoaringdigest.com
Yahoo! group: RCSoaringDigest

R/C Soaring Digest (RCSD) is a reader-written monthly

publication for the R/C sailplane enthusiast and has been
published since January 1984. It is dedicated to sharing
technical and educational information. All material contributed
must be original and not infringe upon the copyrights of others.
It is the policy of RCSD to provide accurate information. Please
let us know of any error that significantly affects the meaning
of a story. Because we encourage new ideas, the content of
each article is the opinion of the author and may not necessarily
reflect those of RCSD. We encourage anyone who wishes to
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Copyright 2012 R/C Soaring Digest

Published by B2Streamlines <http://www.b2streamlines.com>
P.O. Box 975, Olalla WA 98359
All rights reserved

RC Soaring Digest is published using Adobe InDesign CS6

November 2012

In the Air
Another huge issue of RCSD! 110 pages!
Marc Pujol continues from where he left off in the October
issue ("F5J Altitude," p. 10) with a complete examination of his
Genoma2 airframe, from initial concept through its evolution to an
extremely well behaved contest entry.
RCSD was contacted by OleRC.com earlier this year and given
the opportunity to review the Toba F3B/F3F sailplane and the
KST DS125MG servo. Fellow Seattle Area Soaring Society
member Andy Page volunteered to review the Toba, while we
handled the KST servo. Our sincere thanks to OleRC.com for
providing the review samples and particularly to Mei who handled
a number of concerns quickly and professionally.
Mark Nankivil was CD for the World Soaring Masters once again
this year and he managed to forward nearly 2.5GB, more than
350 images, to RCSD. As you can imagine, going through this
collection and choosing which to use was definitely a long-term
project. MIke Reagan's write-up on the WSM event first appeared
on the RCSE, and is reproduced here with his permission.
Martin Pilny usually photographs F3B events, but he did attend
the F3J Samba Cup 2012 near the village of Sebranice, Czech
Republic, where Samba Models (home of the Pike series) is
located. His photographs are filled with color and superbly portay
the "flavor" of the event.
And Stuart Bradley sent a few photos of his model storage unit, a
reclaimed styrofoam box. We couldn't resist sharing it with RCSD
readers.
Thanks again to everyone who contributed to this issue!
Time to build another sailplane!

AIRCRAFT
DESIGN

F5J

Initial concept and evolution of the Genoma2

Marc Pujol, [email protected]

How to structure a rational

3
Regulation analysis
3
The plane and its trigger elements
5
Altitude gain in lift
7
Thermal searching
12
Return to the land field
13
Landing
13
Classification of trigger plane element
13
After the Pasmespumas and the Genoma,

here is my new F5J plane: The Genoma
17
The GENOMA construction
21
Tail and fin
21
Wing 24
Fuselage
27
How does Genoma family is flying?
28
The Genoma in its first TD F5J contest
34
Conclusion
36

F5J discipline (also called ALES) appeared in January 2012.

This is the first time for electric glider categories where the
propulsion set is not so important. This is a revolution. This
is the end for all such very expensive gliders full of carbon
technologies that allow them to be very light and highly
resistant.
So, for the first time, a standard glider can have similar
chances against more optimized planes. Of course, similar
doesnt mean equal. There are still some differences between
them. But strategies are of far more importance especially
during a fly-off where the conditions are usually more
demanding.
This paper is written to provide you with a rationale that may
conduct you into the selection of your next F5J plane. Of
course, you can apply it to any other discipline with a little
adaptation.

R/C Soaring Digest

At the end, I will provide you with the

result of my own rationale and deliver
a full glider definition set - a glider that
appears to be optimum and far cheaper
than any commercial design set, a glider
you can build either with foam and
composite materials, epoxy and bagging
or with structural techniques as I did.
How to structure a rationale
The rationale has three steps:
Regulation analysis and classification
of points that appears important to win.
Identification of the trigger elements of
a plane and their classification in relation
to the regulation and air conditions.
Definition of the plane that meets such
trigger classification.
Regulation analysis
The F5J regulation is quite simple:
4 meter maximum for the wing span,
electric propulsion, 30 seconds to climb
up to 200m altitude, and a penalty of
0.5 point per meter gained with the
propulsion on.
You have to perform a ten minute flight
that includes the altitude gain with the
motor and a precision landing (1m <-> 10
points).

November 2012

Figure 1: This is the ancestor (2008/2009) of the Genoma: The Pamespumas, an F3B
plane from my friend P. Medard (PAtrick + MEdard + PUjol + MArc= Pasmespumas)
that I have transformed to experiment with yawing stability. This was a first revolution
for me. But not the last one!

Of course there are additional

requirements, but these are the majors.
First of all, what appears important is
the advantage to cut the motor at low
altitude. If you switch it off at 100m
and all the other flyers at 200m, that is
a 50 point difference if you made the
same flight length. (If all the competitors
are making 10.00 minute flights and
50 point landings, the first flyer gets
1000 points and the second 550 / 600
1000 = 917. That is 83 points less).
In F3J, competitors are fighting for 5
to 10 points... Imagine what 83 points
per flight is... F5J is the first time where
the objective is not to be at the highest
altitude possible, nor to do it in the
shortest time possible. We then have
to think differently. I will say opposite.
Instead of trying to launch high, we have
to try to launch low. The plane must
then have the ability to fly at low altitude,
circling in the very small thermals you
can encounter at such altitude.
Instead of being in a hurry, lets take
time to go up and use the 30 seconds
to reach the altitude and the location
you think is good for thermaling. You
can go 400m away (or even more) at the
minimum altitude required to take the
lift (for sure, you expect it is there). As
a consequence, if you want to increase

your chances, your plane must be quite

big in order to be seen perfectly far away
and must be very easy to fly.
For sure, F5J gliders must be different
from any other disciplines.
This 30 second rule is the trigger
rule of the discipline. It reinforces the
strategy aspect and the pilot ability to
successfully realize it.
Exit powerful motors, hello light weight
propulsion set.
So lets be very open in our mind and
choices.
This very first analysis reminds us that
the flight has several phases and that
each of them does not have the same
influence on the final result. Determining
which phase is important and which one
is less or not important at all is a first
mandatory step in the design of a new
plane.
I have then split the F5J TD flight into five
phases.
1. Altitude gain with propulsion
2. Thermal search
3. Altitude gain circling in thermal
4. Return to the landing field
5. Landing

Compare each of them with the others

and give 1, 2 or 3 points to the one that
is more important. For example, Phase
2 (thermal searching) is much more
important than Phase 1 (altitude gain with
propulsion). It takes a 3 rating.
My personal rationale provides the
tabular result shown in Table 1 at the top
of the adjacent page.
Of course, your understandings may lead
to different notations. And this makes the
diversity of our world.
If we count points and crosses, that
provides the results shown in Table 2 on
the opposite page.
It is difficult to trigger Thermal search
and Altitude gain in lift. Both phases
are quite equal. It is like chicken and egg.
Which is first? Its up to you to choose.
My rationale is that the 30 seconds to
climb is also a time to go into the lift (or
close to it). So thermal search might be
less important than altitude gain in lift.
Of course you do not have to sacrifice a
landing for an additional few seconds of
flight. But the place of this phase means
that you must find a thermal, take the lift,
and go back first. Landing is in addition.

In order to classify them, I propose to

you the following method:

R/C Soaring Digest

Table 1: The authors personal rationale

Is more important
than

Altitude gain with

motor

Thermal search

Altitude gain in lift

Return to landing
field

Landing

X (1)

X (1)

X (1)

X (1)

Altitude gain with

motor
Thermal search

X (3)

Altitude gain in lift

X (3)

Return to landing
field

X (3)

Landing

X (3)

X (1)

X (1)

Table 2: Results of evaluation of

the authors personal rationale
Altitude gain in lift

4 crosses
6 points

Weight = 24

Thermal search

3 crosses
5 points

Weight = 15

Return to the landing field

2 crosses
4 points

Weight = 8

Landing

1 cross
3 points

Weight = 3

Altitude gain with motor

0 crosses
0 points

Weight = 0

November 2012

So our plane must be able first to find and take a thermal.

Second, it must have the ability to return home even far
downwind, and then it must have the ability to land precisely.
Each phase requires a specific ability that corresponds to a
specific plane parameter. So lets define the trigger elements of
the plane.
Of course a flight occurs in a specific air condition. This must
be defined first:
Speed of wind
Density of thermals in the field. Are they numerous, fare away
from the landing zone, upwind, downwind
Thermal characteristics (force, size, catching altitude)
Turbulence of the air
Altitude of the field,
Humidity,
Ground and air temperature, sun

In the design process, the plane will have to take into account
all those elements.
The plane and its trigger elements
A plane is the result of alchemy. It is a complex balance
between several parameters more or less independent, more or
less against or in favors the others.
Thats why it is important to have a clear view of their
influences. (See Figure 2)
We will define the plane thanks to physical parameters and
aerodynamic parameters.

Figure 2: Plane creation: A complex alchemy.

Physical parameters are defined by:

Span
Chords and associated distribution
Wing surface
Aspect ratio
Fuselage length
Fuselage maximum front surface
Tail surface (if any)
Fin surface (if any)
Rudder, flap, aileron, elevator sizes

R/C Soaring Digest

 Weight of all elements and associated location in space and

inertia
Profile(s) data (Camber, thickness and position in chord of
such).
Tail volume
Center of gravity

Aerodynamic characteristics are the consequences of such

physical definitions on plane behavior:
Gliding ratio and speed associated
Minimum sinking rate and speed associated
Speed polar (Vz/Vx)
Yawing, rolling, pitching moment
Yawing, rolling pitching dynamic behavior (frequencies and
damping factors)

Some of such parameters are real parameters, others are the

consequence of a conjunction of them and should be rejected.
We then need to have a clear picture and analyze everything.
So lets look at the physical parameters that allow the accurate
aerodynamic characteristic behaviors that comply with our
classification and air conditions.
In reality, we will do the reverse:
For each flight phase, we have to determine and optimize the
aerodynamic characteristic that fulfills our classification and
find the associated physical characteristics that comply with it.
Altitude gain in lift
In order to optimize altitude gain in a thermal, we must first
study the thermals - their size, location, altitude...

November 2012

Figure 3: A thermal can be modeled with few sinus functions.

Realistic? Let say this is not so stupid. Thats a start of the
understanding.
In Western Europe, most of the thermals are quite narrow at low
altitude. Lets say that typically, the lifting air has a diameter of
20m at 50m altitude. This will then be a reference for our plane
design.
Their location and density in the field depends upon the field
itself - humidity, temperature difference, sun Nothing to say
for the plane except that in some cases you might require going
far away to find them (so big plane, easy to fly). (See Figure 3)

Knowing the thermals, then comes the

strategy to circle and take the lift.
There are roughly three strategies:
(1) Make a circle, estimate the center of
the lift and make the next circle around
the estimated center
(2) Increase circling radius when the lift
appears slow, relax the circling radius
when the lift increases in intensity.
(3) Cross the lift, make a quarter turn
around the lift, cross it again, estimate
the lift in size and center and then circle.
Studies have been made for drones in
order to optimize their flight duration.
Different software has been tested to
find the better strategy. To this end,
this depends upon the turbulence
rate. Strategy (1) may be a bit easier in
turbulent air.
But what about our planes? Nothing and
lots of things.
First of all, you need to circle and then
have the ability to continue circling. But
how tight?
Knowing the size of the thermals and
their intensities, we can compute the
sinking rate of a plane circling and then
predict if the plane is going up or down.
This allows predicting the best bank
angle to take the lift. This shows us that it

10

Figure 4: The model of a lift is useful to estimate the optimum circling radius. For small
lift, the bank is more or less at 45. Quite tight isnt it?

R/C Soaring Digest

is required to circle at high angle (more or

less 45 in our reference case). Our plane
must then have the ability to circle with
a small radius in a very easy way. (See
Figure 4)
Of course, in order to take low intensity
thermals, the sinking rate of the plane
must be minimum (advantage to big
planes and light planes).
Circling ability and minimum sinking rate,
thats two important aspects.
The circling ability is, at first, a matter of:
Wing loading. It must be as reduced as
possible
Cz. It must be as high as possible
Cz3/CX. This demands high lift and
low drag. Some thin airfoils would
potentially be required then.
Despite what is usually believed, circling
ability is not a matter of wing span.
Make few calculations and you will see
that if you can reduce the circling radius
by a few percent, the climbing rate is
increased much more. Circling ability is
then the very important characteristic of
the F5J category.

Figure 5: The higher the aspect ratio, the higher the wing loading. Its not for nothing
that birds like eagles have quite low aspect ratio. And it is also not for nothing that sea
gulls have a higher one. They do not fly the same air.

To finally convince you, we had two

competitions this year where the first
or the second place was taken by a
motorized F3K plane or an Easy Glider.

November 2012

11

They where competing against full

carbon 4m planes with good pilots...
What were the differences between
them: Ability in circling tight! This is also
confirmed byfull size glider experiences
where for example, a Pioneer (full metal
very rustic plane, but very agile thanks
to a long fuselage and which flies at low
speed) was compared to a Bocian (SZD
plane with a 30% better gliding ratio and
speed). The first one was said as having
better thermal ability without doubt.
Of course, we need to fly in the wind.
We then can define a wing loading range
that will have to be obtained to cover that
complete wind condition range. Lets
say that standard wing loading (for the
complete plane) should be between 20
and 30 g/dm.
Since there is a direct link between
aspect ratio and wing weight, the aspect
ratio should be as high as possible
to obtain the minimum wing load (i.e.
the 20g/dm). It is then a matter of
construction techniques and propulsion
equipment weight and no more a matter
of aerodynamics. (See Figure 5)
If you have studied thermals, you must
know that at low altitude they are quite
small. Circling may then be most of the
time at high angle of bank. This can be

12

Figure 6: Blue and red curves are longitude and latitude. The plane is going straight.
Light brown shows the altitude, the pink one is the speed and the green one is the
yawing. As you see, even if the pilot tries to flight straight, the reality is a bit different.
It is the conjunction of Dutch roll and phungode movement. All such movement
(minimum V +/- 1m/s and yawing +/- 3 degrees) are very difficult to be seen without
measurement devices.

R/C Soaring Digest

feasible if, and only if, the yawing stability is optimum. In order
to illustrate this, I will say that the plane must fly like an F3K
one. As a consequence, the fuselage should be accurately
long and the fin surface also accurately calculated. Here, it is a
matter of dynamic behavior and no more a static one. Refer to
RCSD late 2011 for a better understanding.
I can say, without much pretention, that actual F3J planes
are not optimum in that concern (except for the SUPRA in its
original configuration (1.4kg)). The fuselage should be longer
and fin surface increased.
Once again, it is not sufficient to have a very good wing to
make a good plane. If the plane doesnt have accurate dynamic
behavior, the wing can not express its best. And the pilot can
not place the plane in a very easy manner at the right time in
the right position at the right speed. (See Figure 6)
Tight circling and long fuselage have consequences on fin flap
size: When turning, the radius describes by the wing is not the
same than the one on the fin. This means that the natural effect
of a fin during circling is to go against the turn. In order to have
a turn without skid, it is required to have the fin in the direction
of the turn. And the longer the fuselage is, the more important
the action on the fin is. Of course, in reality, due to bank angle,
the action is on both fin and tail. But the rationale remains. (See
Figure 7)

Figure 7: When turning, the tail describes a trajectory with

a radius equal to R0 but at a distance equal to A + R0.
For long fuselage A is not neglectable (up to 20 cm). As a
consequence, the fin provides a torque in the opposite way of
the turn. This requires fin action as if it was fully twisted from
5 to 13. For sure, the flap should be quite important for a 4m
span glider.

As a consequence, for a long fuselage, the rudder should

represent 50% of the chord or even more. 60% should be
preferred.
Circling requires also good low speed behavior. That means
that the plane must have a speed range at low sink rate as large
as possible. If you compare the Pike Perfect to the Supra, the
Pike appears better in this area (and worse in others of course).

November 2012

13

Figure 8: Trying to find the best speed that optimised up wind or downwind conditions, the McCready analysis shows us a range of
speed between 6 to 15 m/s.
This is fundamental. I made speed measurements and it is very
difficult to fly at a fixed speed even with the speed information
in my eyes (I have a Xerivision system for my experiments). Even
in a straight line, the planes speed is varying from +/- 1m/s.
This means that the minimum plane speed is much closer to the
stall if the pilot expects to fly at Vzmin. If the plane speed range
around Vzmin is not very large, it is absolutely impossible to

14

fly at Vzmin. The plane has a good chance of stalling, especially

during circling.
And the more the flaps are deflected (in a positive way), the
shorter this range is. So caution with flap during circling.
As a consequence, the F5J plane will have profiles with a bit
more camber than for F3J. Flaps should be used for transition
or speed reduction (circling in the core of the lift if stable).

R/C Soaring Digest

Thermal searching
Despite the pilot ability to read the air and the ground, the plane
must be able to reach the thermal prior to being too low in
altitude.
This means best gliding ratio and good ability to signal air
movement (so reduced inertia for the whole plane).
As the number of days without wind are quite reduced
(especially in my living area), the plane must have the ability to
have good gliding ratio between 7 to 15 m/s as it can be found
playing with McCready approach taking into account sinking air
and upwind flight.
So profiles and aspect ratio should be optimized for such a kind
of speed range.
In F5J there is no requirement to have a plane that has good
behavior at high speed. 100 km/h (28 m/s) or higher is only for
fun. So keep it for F3J and other disciplines. (See Figure 8)
Of course, in order to have good ability in circling and good
gliding ratio in the wind, flaps are required for high wind
conditions.
The best possible gliding ratio is an alchemy that integrates
profile drag at a defined lift, induced drag, Reynolds number,
stability...
As a consequence, the profile thickness should be optimized
according to its camber, (this means try to reduce it in the
respect of critical Re), and aspect ratio maximized. Both should
integrate the weight prediction for a defined load resistance.
For sure, the wing span is an important factor. 4 m span allows
best gliding ratio. And since the wing span is limited, be sure
that winglets will appear in the next generation of plane.
As written, it is alchemy

November 2012

Figure 9: Return to the landing field

Return to the landing field

Return to the land field is not only a matter of best gliding ratio.
The question is should the plane capable to return flight after
climbing in a thermal?
After climbing, the plane should be far away downwind at a
reached altitude. Should it come back safely? (See Figure9)
This is then a matter of climb angle (a mix of climbing rate and
deviation to follow the thermal movement) and angle of descent
upwind. The quicker the climb and the better the gliding ratio
are, the higher is the chance to return home.
The ability to take the lift gets once again its importance with all
the consequences on plane definition.

15

Landing

Classification of trigger plane element

Landing means reach the spot every

times. Despite the pilot agility, the plane
must have specific requirements:

Lets take all of the plane parameters and

estimate their consequences (in terms
of advantage / disadvantage) for the five
flight phases.

Stop quickly when landing. In order

not to destroy the propulsion unit, I
would recommend not to land as F3J
planes. Since it is not possible to affix
any stop feature, the only remaining
solution is a tail that continues under
the fuselage like for the AVA / Bubble
Dancer, F3K planes
Have good maneuverability and good
stability in order to pass through
ground turbulence and reach the spot.
Maneuverability and passing through
turbulence without any affect are
quite opposite. Since there are great
advantages for all the other phases to
have very low inertia, the plane should
have very good maneuverability as
compensation.
Here, it is a matter of rolling rate, braking
efficiency, descent angle at a fixed
speed. Consequences are on inertia, flap
and aileron sizing, inertia (construction
issues are once again important) and
also high dihedral in order that wing tips
do not touch the ground prior landing...

16

Of course, for F5J, the first phase

(reaching altitude) could be forgiven since
it has no influence on the plane. But
this is not the case for most of the other
gliding categories.
This provides the following table for the
majors. But you can complete it by any
parameters you want. (See Table 3)
As you can see, there are three
categories of parameters:
The very important ones. In this first
category are found two dynamic
stability parameters (on pitching
axis) and only one static parameter
(wing span). This means that despite
what was usually admitted, the most
important thing is to have a very stable
and well balanced plane.
The important ones. Quite close to the
first category in terms of importance,
are found other dynamic parameters
such as yawing, inertia. Then are
coming what we can call the standard
plane parameters (fuselage length,
mass, profile curvature...). Once again

we have to point out the very high

importance of the dynamic behavior
for a F5J plane. This is not the only
category that may have similar
classification. But very few planes are
studied in this way. AVL and XFLR5
are here to improve our design.
The others. It is quite surprising to see
parameters like drag, gliding ratio,
aspect ratio... at the bottom of the
classification. Is it so surprising? Look
at an eagle and look at a sea gull.
Two birds, two types of flights, two
adaptations to an environment. So
dont be so surprised.
After the Pasmespumas and the
Genoma, here is my new F5J plane:
The Genoma
After a first trial with a modified F3B (with
a very long fuselage for good yawing
stability) which shows the interest of
yawing stability calculation, I developed
a series of profiles specifically for the
F3J category. The idea was to promote
speed (and then small airfoil curvature
and very low thickness), high aspect
ratio (to compensate the lower airfoil
lift by reducing the induced drag and
lift). The objective was to be better than
the Supra in speed and transition. We
constructed it in a few exemples. I put all

R/C Soaring Digest

Table 3: Aircraft parameters and consequences for five flight phases

November 2012

17

of the information for the construction on

a 200 illustrated pages (French language
actually only, sorry). For those interested
see the website <http://www.xerivision.
com> for more details. We measured
its performance and I have to confess
that this is quite a satisfaction to obtain
a plane that corresponds exactly to the
calculation. I wanted it, I obtained it, and
I love it. This plane is the best plane I
have ever piloted. (I have constructed
more than 100 planes.) (See Figure 10)
Then came the F5J category and I
restart from scratch my studies taking
into account new considerations such
as minimum weight for a defined aspect
ratio and G load, minimum circling
diameter...
This conducts me to the GENOMA.
It is similar to the Genoma, but quite
different for some aspects:
Less aspect ratio to reach the 20g/dm
wing load,
higher camber for the profiles for lower
minimum speed,
lower minimum wing load,
more span (4m) to be at the maximum
of the F5J regulation,
a new series of profiles taking
information from the Pike perfect, the
Supra, the AVA...

18

Figure 10: The GENOMA as defined in 2010. It flies like a F3K plane with a 3.65 m span.

R/C Soaring Digest

 a new fin and tail to adjust dynamic

behavior.
The objective was:
To improve speed range at low sink
rate in order to avoid stall during
circling. In this respect, the Pike
perfect was taken as a reference.
To improve Gliding ratio between
minimum sink and 15 m/s. The Supra
is taken as the reference for this
aspect.
To improve low speed.
To have the same or even better
yawing and pitching stability than the
Genoma.
This provides me with the planform
shown in Figure 12 (next page), with an
associated profile series (icons and links
on next page).

Figure 11: Comparison polars

The length of the fuselage is the same

as for the Genoma for transportation
reasons, 2.2m long, thats for me nearly
the maximum. Otherwise it is difficult
to store it at home or in the car without
risk of damage... And I dont want yet to
make a fuselage in two pieces.
Dimensions are:
Fuselage from nose to leading edge:
53 cm. Dont think this is too much.
When using a 105g / 700W geared

November 2012

19

Genoma2 Airfoil Series

Genoma F5J 1: <http://www.
rcsoaringdigest.com/Airfoils/Genoma2/
GENOMAF5J1.dat>
Genoma F5J 2: <http://www.
rcsoaringdigest.com/Airfoils/Genoma2/
GENOMAF5J2.dat>
Genoma F5J 3: <http://www.
rcsoaringdigest.com/Airfoils/Genoma2/
GENOMAF5J3.dat>
Genoma F5J SAUMON: <http://www.
rcsoaringdigest.com/Airfoils/Genoma2/
GENOMAF5JSAUMON.dat>

Figure 12: Genoma2 (2012)

20

R/C Soaring Digest

motor and a 1300mA/h 3S Li-Po

battery (or even a 2200mA/h 3S LiPo), this is not too much. This is just
sufficient for the very long rear lever
arm.
Fuselage from wing leading edge to
the end (fin trailing edge): 166 cm
Max section dimension of the fuselage:
6*4 cm
Wing area: 85.56 dm
Root chord: 26 cm
Aspect ratio: 18.7.
Max diameter of the boom = 34mm. Of
course you can reduce this diameter in
order to be lighter. But caution with the
fuselage flexibility...
Wing data and profiles:
Root: Dihedral = 3 - Chord = 26cm Thickness = 7.8% - Camber = 2.9%
Root + 50cm: Dihedral = 3 - Chord =
25cm - Thickness = 7.5%; Camber = 2.7%
Root + 100cm: Dihedral = 7 - Chord =
24cm - Thickness = 7.5%; Camber =
2.7%.
Root + 169cm: Dihedral = 7 - Chord =
16cm - Thickness = 7.3%; Camber = 2.6%
Root + 190cm: Dihedral = 7 - Chord =
110cm - Thickness = 6.8%; Camber =
2.4%
Root + 200cm: Chord = 5cm - Thickness =
6.8%; Camber = 2.4%

November 2012

Flaps are 30% of the chord from the

root until 15 cm prior to the tip. Then
the aileron is gradually reduced down to
20%. Flap and aileron are on the same
line looking at the plane from the top.
Tail:
Surface = 6.8 dm (8% of wing
surface). But look at the comfortable
tail volume.
Tail leading edge distance from wing
leading edge = 1315 mm
Root chord = 12cm
Aspect ratio = 8.4
Tail volume = 0.47
Profile = HT-13
Fin:
Surface = 7.4 dm
Fin leading edge distance from wing
leading edge = 1500 mm
Root chord = 18.5cm
Height = 55cm (including 11 cm under
the boom)
Profile = HT-13
50% of the surface makes the rudder.
This is a minimum. You can go up
to 60% without a problem but with
benefits.
The GENOMA construction
There are 20 moulds made for the
Genoma. We planned initially 21, but

finally limited the number... Quite a lot

I know. Thats why the Genoma was
started in a club. One guy is doing this,
the other one that
We then succeed without much difficulty
to create these moulds in less than 6
months. And in one year of construction,
the Genoma was flying. Of course, for
the Genoma I reuse all of the moulds,
even if the profiles are a bit different.
The D-box is quite flexible so there is no
adaptation problem.
For details, look at the 200 pages (in
French, sorry, but with lots of photos)
written at www.xerivision.com (this is not
my website). (See Figure 13)
Tail and fin
The spar of the fin and the sub-fin is
realized with a carbon rod 3*0.8 mm on
upper and lower side. The spar caps are
made with balsa. After it has been glued
together (Cyano), a Kevlar fishing wire is
rolled around. Then balsa profile leading
and trailing pieces are glued. The trailing
edge is made with a carbon rod 3*0.8
mm and the trailing edge is covered
with a small sheet of carbon (cut from a
unidirectional 80g/m carbon layer).
The leading pieces are glued every 1.5cm
and the trailing pieces can be glued
every 4.5 cm. (See Figure 14)

21

Figure 13: The Genoma prior to recieving its composite D-boxes. This is quite long
to proceed but not very difficult at all. Nothing requires many tools (We used a CNC
machine for cutting the profiles, you can do without).

22

Figure 14: Stabilizer (L) and vertical fin

and rudder (R) drawings.

R/C Soaring Digest

Figure 15a and 15b: How to mould the D-boxes? Easy. On a

positive mould. Not much science behind this. For the wing,
two layers of Kevlar of 60g/dm is fairly sufficient (the wing can

support all aerobatic maneuvers). For tails and fin, a 60g/dm

kevlar is OK.

The D-Box is made with a sheet of Kevlar (60g/dm).

Wing

Do not forget the D-box for the rudder. It has a very important
role. 1.5cm large is sufficient.

The wing is a tail that is a bit bigger. Thats all But the
techniques used are identical. (See Figures 18 and 19)

The secret of the D-Box is in the glue to assemble it. There

is always too much glue! If you count at the end, this glue
represents up to 25% of the total weight. Far too much for a so
little resistance. Try to reach 10 to 15% and you will be a king.

The spar is made with two layers of carbon sheet 15*1mm at

the root. Then after 500mm, only one layer remains. The spar
is also tapered down to 2mm at the tip.

(See Figures 16 and 17a and 17b)

November 2012

Leading profile pieces are glued (Cyano) every 2cm and the
trailing edges every 4cm.

23

Figure 16: Tail and fin. Making them lighter and stronger is
difficult but possible. There are too many wood sticks in the fin.
We can suppress 2/3 of them for the rudder. But this was for
the look!

Figure 17a: Vertical

fin and rudder and
horizontal stabilizer
mounted to fuselage
before covering.
Figure 17b: Vertical fin
and rudder and horizontal stabilizer mounted to fuselage after
covering.

24

R/C Soaring Digest

Figure 18: Wing plan

November 2012

25

Figure 19: All balsa wood pieces have been realized on a CNC
machine. Of course, on request, files can be provided.

Figure 20: How to mould the flap and aileron D-boxes on a

window! Do not forget to wax it.

26

R/C Soaring Digest

Above, Figure 21: Few detail of the wing to fuselage assembly

system.
Upper right, Figure 22: General view of the wing. The leading
edge is covered with paper for protection reason. It will be replaced by molded D-box.
Lower right, Figure 23: View of D-box mold under process. On
top, you can see the D-box bagged, in the center the D-box
results and in the bottom of the picture the D-box mold.

November 2012

27

Figure 24: A view of the fuselage to better appreciate the design.

The leading edge D-box is made with

2*60g/dm Kevlar layers. This is enough
for F5J. The standard 165 g/dm Kevlarcarbon layer is too much / too heavy for
this category.
The flap and aileron D-boxes are cut
from a 60g/dm Kevlar layer that was
moulded on a window (See Figure 20)
Nothing difficult. Everybody can do it
with a bit of experience or in a club. It is
only a bit long. (The wing requires more
or less 30 hours of work if you have the

28

Figure 25: The details on how to fix the tail. Very

similar as the Supra / Bubble Dancer... Except that
here, everything is inside the boom. Everything is
made with very rustic moulds (and easy to be made).
Nothing difficult!

D-box moulds and the wing ribs already

programmed for the CNC milling!)
But the result is... Magic! (See Figures 21,
22 and 23)
Fuselage
The Genoma fuselage is the same as the
Genoma.
Total length: 2.2m
Nose to Leading edge distance =
530mm. This is not too much. I strongly
recommend not to shorten the nose.

Other dimension: Maximum larger =

40mm, Maximum high = 60mm. Enough
place to fix everything you want in terms
of propulsion, batteries, servos... The
fuselage section is neither round nor
rectangular. We prefer an ovoid section
as you can see in the pictures.
Wing incidence is 4, so that the plane
flies with a horizontal boom.
This is the flying attitude the Genoma
family has. And the fuselage of course

R/C Soaring Digest

remains in this position with flap put

down or up.
This horizontal attitude is for me quite
important to manage flight when the
plane is very far away.
Note: I usually play with the plane flying
600m away (in our field this is where
thermals are).
I confess that most of the F3x planes
do not have such incidence. But their
designs are based on speed. Remember,
F5J is not F3J.
The boom is horizontal and the nose has
a 2.5 pitch starting at the wing leading
edge. (See Figure 24 and 25)
How does Genoma family fly?
The Genoma (First) is quite magic. You
play with it like with a F3K plane.
Of course because of the wing span, it
is a bit different. The rolling rate is lower,
the gliding ratio is far better, but you do
what you want when you want in a very
small volume. Im not a great pilot even
after I playing with gliders for 40 years,
but I still started to circle at 20 m altitude
during the second flight.
The next thing to be noticed is that it is
very easy to fly. For the last two years it
is the plane I use for teaching new pilots.
The trainees also learn how to land with

November 2012

Figure 26: One of my trainees with the Genoma after his flying lesson. They learn
everything with it.

it. I use an Easy Glider at the very

end of my teaching lessons in order for
trainees to know how to play with their
own future plane! (See Figure 26)
Easy to fly means also easy to circle at
low altitude. As an example, I circle 10
minutes between 20 and 50 m altitude
as if it was a normal flight. Thermal lift
was ridiculous, small, but of course
quite frequent. And this flight was made

without any difficulties. I didnt feel

uncomfortable at all during the flight
nor exhausted after the flight even if the
plane was 100 to 200m away from the
landing zone. (See Figure 27)
One of my favorite ways to fly in a
thermal is to play with the hand brake
when turning (like with the car): When
circling in the downwind branch, the
rudder is put at its maximum. The

29

ailerons are in the opposite direction so

as to maintain a flat attitude. The plane
is turning on its wing root, like a car with
the hand brake. A bit of pitch when being
upwind, then aileron order to restart the
turn...
When done in the very core of the lift,
the plane has a vertical trajectory...
Interesting, no?

Figure 27: The proof that the Genoma can fly at very low altitude. And No fear, no
fun is not my motto.

30

Another refinement Im using now is the

fourth axe management. I play with the
camber of the wing all along the flight.
Instead of using pitching throttle (left
stick), I prefer to use the camber one
placed on the right stick. The speed
variation is as with the left stick but the
plane fuselage remains horizontal. This
is marvelous during circling. You push
when you are going upwind, and pull
when going downwind. The pitching axis
is used to maintain the circling radius
and the camber one manage the flight
speed. The plane then circles in a very
smooth and regular circle without having
much pitching order to be provided.
And the fuselage remains in the same
position (horizontal) which is once again
fundamental to better feel the thermal.
If you had used the pitch, the fuselage
attitude would have changed due to your
pitching action (See Figure 28)

R/C Soaring Digest

Figure 28: The Genoma in flight. The fuselage doesnt appear so long does it?

November 2012

31

In terms of yawing behavior, measures

and computation are very close. Again,
Magic! (See Figure 29)
What about Genoma flight
The new Genoma is as expected from
calculation.
It flies as its older brother:
It is a F3K plane but with 4m span.
This means that the way to fly it similar to
any F3K plane with of course more inertia
(more time to roll).
It has this ability to circle very shortly.
And in this respect this open new way
of flying; On top of the standard gentle
circling way of flying with very smooth
actions on the sticks that you need to
master for TD flight, the Genoma family
allows to have a more aggressive way
of flying without much difficulty. This
is quite useful at low altitude when the
thermals are narrow and not very regular.
Here, the yawing stability behavior is a
real advantage compare to any other
planes.

Figure 29: Comparison of different planes in yawing. The Genoma (in light blue) is far
better than any other planes (Supra original in yellow, Pike Perfect in purple, F3B plane
in dark blue) which provides it with very good circling ability. The Genoma is of course
as its older brother.

It is a full aerobatic plane. Loop, roll,

invert flight, chandelle are easy. The first
ones (1 loop + 1 roll + 1 chandelle) were
made starting at less than 50m altitude
and of course finished by a landing close
to the pilot.

32

R/C Soaring Digest

Figure 30: First flight of the Genoma (First version) was in January 2010. Since that time, this 1.9kg plane flies every week without
trouble. It even succeeds to flying three minutes alone (without any control due to an electrical problem) and crash in a field after a
50m dive without any destruction. So light and so resistant!

November 2012

33

 Stalling is difficult with a radio mix

Elevator -> Camber. In such condition
the stall is a 5m loss of altitude with
recovery after. And if you insist, it starts
for another cycle of stall/lost of altitude/
recover. Then the only way to escape is
to use the butterfly airbrakes.
On top of this abilities are:
The potential wing load range of 19
to 35g/dm which is optimum to any
flight condition. As a consequence, the
circling radius (minimum 6m compared
to the 10m for the Genoma) and the
minimum speed and sinking rate are
improved.

Figure 31: The man is 1.93m long. Quite a plane, no? The Genoma weighs 1.6-1.7kg.
It is 300g lighter than the Genoma for greater span and surface... The Genoma is also
able to make the barrel rollss in circles or any other aerobatic maneuver.

The sub-fin acts as a stopper during

landing. The grass sliding is only
50cm. Thats better than the 2m to
3m for the first version. I wondered
whether the fuselage and sub-fin
attachment will be strong enough.
For standard and nearly standard
landing (thats what I made actually),
nothing adverse happens.
As already expressed, it is very difficult
to measure minimum sinking rate or best
gliding ratio. It depends so much on air
conditions that you can say one thing
and its contrary. I then will not provide
values that dont mean anything. Just to
say that with 30km/h wind, the Genoma

34

R/C Soaring Digest

without ballast stays in the sky with a

standard sinking rate (as for any other
planes for such wind that obliges to
fly at best gliding ratio and not at best
sinking rate). Of course, with such wind,
it is recommended to have 500g to 800g
ballast for better penetration / gliding
ratio. In this case Genoma and Genoma
are quite equivalent. Differences could
not be measured for me.
The Genoma in its first TD F5J contest
After only two flights in 30 to 40 km/h
wind, I made an F5J contest. The plane
had never been ballasted, circling had
not been tested, flap compensation
was not well triggered, airbrakes and
precision landing never tested.
Because F5J is a new discipline, only few
contests occur in my area. I had then to
participate.
I also have to state that Ive only made
competitions two times in my life. The
first one was in 1980 (I finished last) and
the second in 1982 (I finished third but
we were only three competitors and I
crashed my plane on the first flight). So,
in reality I consider that it was my real
first Thermal Duration (TD) contest.

Figure 32: The Genoma (facing the camera) and the Genoma ready for flight.

Because of the pressure and the very

few number of flights with the Genoma
I wanted to start with the Genoma. But

November 2012

35

then the first failure occurs during a

flight test: a flap servo failed. Thanks
Mister Murphy! I then have to fly with the
Genoma which you will recall had only
two flights since new... Not a good way
to start a TD contest.
Other competitors had made
competitions for years (F3J, other
TD types...). Gliders used were Pike
Perfect, Maxa, AVA, Shadow, Electra,
Graphit, Alfa club and homemade planes
including the Genoma.
Conditions were good with low wind
(10 to 25km/h wind) which obliged the
lightest planes (Maxa and Genoma)
to ballast a bit when the wind went up
(+ 250g). The AVA didnt have ballast
capability which was a disadvantage in
some flights. All other planes had wing
loadings between 27 and 35g/dm and
didnt require ballasting.
I was then quite impressed and anxious
for the first run.
I then flew and discovered that the plane
is very good, and even without thermals,
did equal with the others. My first landing
was not so good because I didnt know
how the plane reacted or how to land on
a spot...

Figure 33: Genoma for its first flight. Except few adjustments, it flies perfectly
and I found immediately comfortable. It is even better in circling ability due to the
possible low wing load (19g/dm without ballast). Of course things needs adjustment
(compensation, trim).

Then all the other seven flights proved to

me the following:

36

R/C Soaring Digest

1) The Genoma is better than any others

in circling. It flies like an F3K plane and
of course can also fly like an F3J plane.
This ability to circle in an aggressive way
in a very low volume is a real and major
advantage for a TD competition. And
then, my analysis in this respect is really
valid. With thermals, the plane always
went over the others or at the same
altitude. The Genoma opens a new flight
envelope compared to existing 3m to 4m
span gliders. And Im not an expert in
thermal hunting!!!
2) Transition: The plane is as good as
the others. I didnt play much with flap
during transition because of the flap
compensation adjustment was not
correct. But Ive never been trapped
downwind as the AVAs were. What I
can say is that the higher camber of
the Genoma wing indicates you need
to play with the flaps if you want to be
as good as a Maxa for example. And
of course, a full moulded wing made in
accurate moulds are always better than
a handmade one. But once again, the
costs are very different and for the price,
the Genoma is really good.
3) I discovered how to land after the TD
contest when I offered other competitors
to fly the Genoma. It is finally very
simple. Plane has to transit back to the

November 2012

spot in order that it reaches a 2m altitude

5m in front of the spot. Then full brake.
The plane stops in the air, pitches and
falls like a parachute at low and constant
speed. It remains agile on all axes and
you can adjust the spot. At the very end,
pull on the elevator stick and the plane
lands flat. The under fin and the low
speed immediately stop the plane. As the
English say its a piece of cake if you
have a few practice sessions.
4) Concerning the sinking rate, it is as
good as any others. With real moulded
wing it will be a must for sure!
So my landing was not good at all. Two
outside, one at 1.2m, the others between
3 meters and 5 meters.
I knew I obtained 1000 points for one
run. I miss another one for a stupid
misunderstanding with my caller (I
thought that only two minutes remained
and exited the thermal I was 100m
over all the others and start my
approach back... When I reach 180m
altitude (50 m lower than others), I
discover that 5 minutes of the flight
remains... And no more thermals except
very narrow ones... So I get an 8 min 40
second flight.
And finally, I finish the contest in third
position... Good for a start isnt it?

So despite the inability of the pilot to

manage the sticks correctly, the plane
has real potential.
Conclusion
Yawing stability is fundamental for our
planes. This was not calculated in the
past due to lack of knowledge and tools.
But thanks to M. Drela and A. Deperrois,
this is no more the case. This could be
applied to all our disciplines. Aerobatic
planes and F3K already do it. For those
who play other games, you can also
apply the yawing stability calculation
principles. As an example, I made a
racing plane with good results. (See
Figure 34)
Making our own model is still possible for
F5J planes. Its not a matter of expertise
but only a matter of time to construct it.
This means that this discipline has room
for experimentation and that you are not
obliged to spend $1000 to $2000 to get a
single plane.
The cost of the Genoma is about $400
without equipment. And if you make it
in a club, this cost of course could go
down.
Yes, this is quite more expensive than
making an F3K plane, and then we need
to make calculations to predict the result
prior to launching the building phase. But

37

the flying envelop of a 4m span plane is

also far more extended!
The Genoma has been created
taking into account 40 years of gliding
calculation experiences, 100 planes
constructed (most of them were
homemade) with about 25 years for
electric TD planes including some for
duration records. The Genoma family
has already made one to one TD flights
with good results. The first competition
result is also quite encouraging. You
may say that this could come from the
pilot itself. But my experiences (and
especially my first competition) show me
that it is mainly due to the plane itself,
and especially to the yawing stability. Of
course this doesnt mean that it is the
best plane.

Figure 34: A small racer (1m span, 300w only) where the fuselage length is longer
than the span. Despite the fact that this configuration disturbs our minds, it is not so
unusual for real racing planes. The fuselage increase allows us to reduce fin and tail
dimensions (and then drag) and to increase the stability. Flight is like an arrow on a
rail.

38

If you are satisfied with a defined wing

(even I think that the Genoma is more
accurate for F5J, I will never say that
actual F3J wings are not good for F5J
category), you can then improve your
plane by redesigning a fuselage and a fin
and rudder for accurate yawing stability
behavior. This is then far cheaper than
creating a new plane. And tools like
AVL or XFLR5 are here to guide us. This
will force the builder to propose real
good planes and not planes that have

R/C Soaring Digest

In a future issue of RC Soaring Digest...

commercial interests and fashion behind
them.
For those who want to have an up to date
F5J plane, the Genoma is the one you
expected. You can then either:
Copy the Genoma with the same or
similar standard construction (wood
and D-box),
Or use the Supra published building
techniques and construct your
Genoma; this will of course work
perfectly,
Or make some moulds with a CNC
machine.
If you make moulds (be sure that it is
really feasible for a non professional guy
to have a plane as light as the published
version), I of course encourage you to do
so. Only advise me in order to see how
I can get one of those wings. Thanks in
advance.
We have seen that wing loading is very
linked to aspect ratio. This means that
if you do not want to have a plane at
20g/dm without ballast but something
more closed to 25 to 30 g/dm. You can
play with this parameter. One possible
solution is then the Genoma first
generation.

Walk-around: Tony Condons Niedrauer NG-1

Jerome Niedrauer built this glider in the early 1970s with the goal of reducing
drag and increasing the performance of a stock BG-12. It is now owned by Tony
Condon who says, The NG-1 is the latest addition to the Condon family glider
fleet and is an interesting collection of Briegleb BG-12 and custom made glider
parts. Most people cant figureout what it is at first glance, and the best short
answer I have heard to describe it is simply Experimental.

So lets fly F5J!

November 2012

39

Review
from RCRCM and OleRC.com

Andy Page, <[email protected]>

40

R/C Soaring Digest

From designer/pilot Carlos Pisarello of

Argentina comes the Toba, a new model
for F3B multi task soaring, F3F slope
racing, and electric assist soaring. Built
by RCRCM in China, the Toba is an
affordable sailplane. But make no mistake,
it is also a well built model and that makes
it a great value. Tobas were flown by the
Chinese team at the 2011 F3B World
Championships in China. Wing layup
options are carbon D-tube and full carbon.
The review model, supplied by OleRC
<http://www.olerc.com> in Hong Kong,is
the full carbon version.
What you get
In addition to the airframe, RCRCM supply
machined plywood servo frames for flap
and aileron servos, servo covers, flap horn
fairings, a ballast tube (for F3F fuselage
only), a servo tray, wire harness with
Multiplex-style 6-pin connectors, carbon
tube pushrods, clevises, wing pushrods,
and a towhook.
The frames are sized for MKS DS6125
servos but with small modifications can
be made to work with any thin wing servo.
This is a nice accessory not often included
and the use of wood makes them easily
modifiable for versatility.
Oddly, the towhook comes unassembled
and with quite a loose fit of the unthreaded
steel hook in the aluminum plate. I
substituted one of the readily available
units from Kennedy Composites.

November 2012

Specifications and Weights

From the manufacturers website:

Wing span: 3085mm

Length: 1456mm

Wing airfoil: RCRCM2010-8

Wing area: 58dm2

Tail airfoil: RCRCM2010-10

Flying weight: 2000-2100g
Review model component weights in grams:

Left Wing: 747

RIght Wing: 745

Left Tail: 50

Right Tail: 50
F3B Fuselage with nose and tail cones: 208
F3F Fuselage with nose and tail cones: 215

Wing Joiner: 104

Ballast Tube: 25

Servo Tray: 14

Wire Harness: 79

Servo Frames (4): 16
Servo Covers / Pushrod Fairings (6 pcs): 9

Tail Joiners (2): 6
Carbon Tube Pushrods (2): 31 (when cut to required length)
The total F3B airframe weight without hardware or radio gear
comes to 1910 grams, or about 67 ounces.
For those of you who wonder about such things as weight
distribution, the wing panel CG (finished with servos, covers, and
wiring) is at about 40% of the half span.

41

First impressions
Like anyone else, I could not resist
putting the parts together for the first
time immediately after unpacking and
was pleased to note that both the design
and execution of this sailplane are well
done. All of the joiners fit precisely right
out of the box - a good sign.
While these are purpose built tools for
serious competition, it isnt all about
mechanics and performance. We like
good looking airplanes too and the
Toba does not disappoint with its very
attractive lines. All the molding is very
crisp and smooth. The graphics and
colors are striking and not just the same
old thing.

Complete
contents laid out
for inspection.

Breaking it down again I moved on to a

closer inspection. The molding quality
is very good with clean and smooth
edges. There is some visible telegraphing
of fabric weave and spar edges on the
wing panels but nothing unusual or
concerning.
The elevators and ailerons stop short of
the tips, leaving a small vulnerable area
that could be easily damaged. In fact
one of the tail tips was slightly cracked
already. A drop of thin CA fixed that. Care
during transportation and handling will
be needed to keep these intact.
Available space for aileron servos is tight.
This is a thin wing, measured at 8% at
the root. If using the supplied covers,

42

Right out of the

box. What a great
looking sailplane!

R/C Soaring Digest

Above: Flap wiper and pushrod fairing recess.

Above right: Top hinged aileron wiper. Lower skin
recessed for servo cover with integrated pushrod fairing.
Right: One of the smoothest molded leading edges Ive
seen. No ridges, no pits.
Below: Wing root. Middle pocket is for ballast.

November 2012

43

Supplied flap and aileron horns. Two of these escaped during

shipping. Probably would work just fine, but I elected to make
the replacements a bit larger for more substantial attachment.
any of the typical aileron servos will fit.
But if you wish to substitute flat covers
you have very little space to work with.
The inside height of the bay is about
15/32" at the forward edge and only
5/16" at the aft edge. Space is of course
more generous in the flap servo bay,
with 13/32" of height at the aft edge.
Airtronics 94761s fit nicely there.
Unlike most composite sailplanes these
days the ailerons are top hinged and
intended to be driven with an external
linkage. It may be possible to run the
linkage inside but I used the stock setup
and covers. Flaps are bottom hinged.
The wipers are some of the best Ive
seen with very tight tolerances to the skin
with no interference. Hinge movement is
very good with plenty of range of motion
and no binding at all.

44

Final parts ready for installation.

Two fuselages were supplied with the

review package, for F3B and F3F. The
F3B fuselage is very small in cross
section and sets the wing at a positive
angle of incidence. The F3F fuselage
appears to have zero-zero incidence
settings and is sized about 1/10" taller
and wider in order to accommodate
the ballast tube. Only one servo tray
and harness were supplied. We did not
build out the F3F fuselage as of the time
of publication, though other than the
differences noted above it is identical.
The large cross section carbon wing
joiner is typical for a two piece wing. Its
hollow, with two spaces on each end
that can be used for ballast. It may not
have much practical effect but the depth
of the cavities on the subject joiner vary
by about an inch left to right. Additional

ballast cavities are molded into the wing

roots. It should be possible to tailor the
ballast to load it up without changing the
CG. By my rough calculation there is a
little less than 9 cubic inches of volume
total in all cavities which would give a
maximum possible capacity of about 43
ounces of brass or 59 ounces of lead.
Tailoring for CG will likely reduce the
maximum possible weight.
The wing skins are not pre-cut for flap
pushrod exits or for horn installation.
Supplied horns are glass and seem
rather small for secure attachment.
Two of them were lost in shipment,
however, so I had no choice but to
fabricate new ones. The hardware was
packaged in thin, fragile plastic bags
which had broken open, and the box was
constructed so that small parts could

R/C Soaring Digest

easily escape. Those lost horns might

be doing endless speed runs across the
Pacific in the belly of a 747.
The removable nosecone is glass but
there are four strips of approximately 1/4"
wide carbon running through the nose of
the fuselage itself. About 4" forward of
the aft end of the nosecone the fuselage
transitions to all carbon. The nose is
open on the bottom rather than the top,
keeping the pushrods clear of the wing
joiner and your antennae on the best side
of the mass of tightly packed radio gear.
The Build
First the flap pushrod exit was created
by using a straight Dremel bit to cut the
upper skin. The skin is molded with a
recess for the pushrod fairing so there
is no guesswork here, just cut it back
leaving a small ledge for the fairing.
Next, deflect the flap all the way down
and relieve the auxiliary/shear spar using
a small Dremel sanding drum. The same
drum works nicely for relieving the flap
wiper.
Since I wanted to make the flap horn a
bit longer than stock for the strongest
possible connection, I opted to first test
fit a pattern cut from 1/64" ply before
cutting the circuit board stock.
First I cut a squarish opening in the flap
shear web using a #11 blade. A couple of
eyeballed trials using scissors to cut the

November 2012

Now, all you seasoned experts out there already know this, but
it might be worth mentioning some tools that are handy for any
molded sailplane project that might not be in the typical model
airplane shop.
Riffler files are great for precise access in tight spaces, useful
here for roughing up the inside of the nose for gluing in the tray.
Theyre also indispensible for shaping details in composite repairs
such as around wing root fillets.
Chainsaw files, in several small round sizes, are cheap and
readily available at any hardware store. Their sharp, fine teeth
happen to cut our materials very well. I reach for these more
often than any other type of round file. They can do very precise
shaping of balsa, plywood, composites, and of course metals. If
you cut the smooth end off with a cutoff wheel you have cutting
teeth right at the end where you often need them.
Woodworking chisels and a small flush-cutting Japanese saw
make quick work of precise trimming of wood parts, especially
plywood. I used them to enlarge the openings in the thick
plywood tray.
This is the only source I could find that has a photo of the
Japanese saw. Its in the UK: <http://www.workshopheaven.com/
tools/Gyokucho_100mm_Flush_Cutting_Saw_Single_Edge.html>.
This is te same saw from a US source: <http://www.hidatool.com/
gyokucho-1150-flush-cut-saw-100mm-4>.
Look for a specialty woodworking store in your area and youll
find many things well suited for model airplane use that you just
wont find at hobby shops. For example, the best old school
hardware and hand tool store in Seattle and possibly anywhere is
Harwicks in the University District. Theres not much on their site
yet but there is an incredible selection in the store: <http://www.
ehardwicks.com/>.

45

Opening the upper skin for flap pushrods.

Auxiliary/shear spar cleared for pushrod. Flap shear web

opened for control horn.

Making a template for the flap control horns.

Checking for clearance and range of motion.

46

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ply and I had the right shape to fit inside

the flap and contact both the upper and
lower skins. Tracing that wedge shape to
fresh ply stock I added the horn as a best
guess. After a little trimming to make
sure it fit under the fairing and would
provide the required range of motion, it
was done. Make sure it doesnt hit the
lower skin when deflected for up flaperon
movement. The final template is shown in
the photos.
The circuit board stock was cut roughly
to shape with a Dremel cutoff wheel then
finished with a disc sander and files.

Flap horn installed.

Aileron horns were done similarly but did

not need the leg to fit into the surface.
They are just a standard triangular shape.
Thickened epoxy holds them all in.
The remainder of the wing work will
be familiar to anyone who has done a
molded model.

Flap pushrod installed. These are Sullivan clevises and 2-56

threaded rods rather than the supplied hardware.

November 2012

Servo frames are glued in with thickened

epoxy, with the servo mounted in the
frame after first wrapping with Saran
wrap. Be sure to tighten the screws just
as you will when securing the servos for
flight, do not weight them down during
curing, and allow plenty of time for cure.
I like to do this step first so they can cure
for a few days while I do the rest of the
build. A little care during this step will
eliminate any telegraphing of the frame
footprint through the skin.

47

Aileron horn installation. Lower skin and wiper relieved for clevis
using sanding drum. Shimmed wire ensures the same geometry
for equal movement of both ailerons.

Airtronics 94761 flap servo in frame being glued in place. Servo

is screwed in tightly, protected by Saran wrap.

Aileron horn installed.

Clip a short servo extension and attach it to music wire with

heat shrink tubing for an effective tool for fishing wire harnesses
through wings.

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Multiplex 6-pin connector. You may wish to pot this into the
wing. I chose to leave it loose. There is just enough length in the
wire harness to allow disassembly without yanking on the wires.

Twisting the knife: the easy way to drill holes in

composite skins.

Drill a few more holes then clear it out with a chainsaw file.

A little alcohol on a glove allows neat smoothing and shaping

of thickened epoxy, here to firm up and protect the wires where
theyll be handled during assembly/disassembly.

November 2012

A flat file cleans it up the rest of the way.

49

Fuselage connectors can be glued against molded recesses in the wing root.

Laying out radio gear. Space is very tight so plan ahead for clevis clearance and nose weight.

50

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There really is nothing to do on the tails

unless your horns need to be reglued.
One of mine was not very secure and
pulled loose. It was roughened with
a diamond file and reinstalled with
thickened epoxy. Be sure to give them
a good test and correct the glue joint
if youre at all in doubt. You do have to
relieve the tailcone for the elevator horns
using a small sanding drum.

resulting in near zero clearance between

the clevises and the nosecone.

The supplied fuselage tray is wider

than the F3B fuselage so that it can be
used with either version. I used a piece
of sheet balsa fitted to the nose as a
template to reduce the amount of trial
trimming of the 1/4" ply tray.

You could shove the foam block down

the boom with a stick and hope the
holes stay properly placed and sized
to avoid binding the pushrods, but I
added aluminum tubes (from the stock
used to drill the holes) to the foam, then
used the pushrods themselves to guide
the assembly into place. The tubes
are longer than the foam to help avoid
getting epoxy on the pushrods during
assembly and added less than a gram.

No guidance is provided for locating it.

Beware that you may need to leave more
space up front for balance weight than
you think! At the location shown, my tray
left just enough space to balance the
model at a neutral CG, and that is with
a four cell battery pack (Elite 1500mah
NiMH).
Put the tray as far back as you can,
allowing just enough room to work
with the aft servo pushrod. The servo
openings are slightly smaller than needed
for the Airtronics 94809 but there is
sufficient material to fit two of them.
Height and width inside the nosecone
are very limited so plan carefully. I left
just a little space at the bottom of the
servos and put them on the centerline,

November 2012

If using the stock pushrods you will

need to support them midway down the
tailboom. I used a block of stiff foam
rubber cut roughly to the fuselage cross
section shape and about an inch long.
Holes are easily drilled in it by twisting
a metal tube with a rough sawn end by
hand.

One O-ring CAd to one pushrod

provides a stop for pushing it into place.
Just make sure the O-ring is placed so
as to not contact the tube during normal
operation.
After masking the accessible area inside
the nose I smeared some 5-minute on
the foam and in it went. The result is
frictionless movement with no slop due
to buckling of the bendy pushrods and
very little added weight. All this is best
done before adding anything else to the
fuselage.

My calculations show a possible saving

of just about one ounce overall by
changing to .07" carbon pushrods in
teflon tubes, taking into consideration
the reduction in noseweight as well as
pushrod weight.
Although you could use the supplied
pushrod hardware, I substituted Sullivan
2-56 clevises and threaded rod. I find the
Sullivan clevises just fit better and stay
tighter on threaded rod than other brands
of metal clevises. The popular Hayes
plastic clevises may not fit in some of the
tight spaces on this model.
After first flights I usually put a drop of
black CA on the threads to lock them in
place.
Initial Setup
I eyeballed the CG to a point about
4" from the wing LE. RTF weight with
stock build and this CG is 88.5 Oz. Note
that this is the full carbon version. It is
not known how much weight can be
saved with the D-tube layup. My initial
control surface throws were as follows,
measured at surface roots:
Elevator 1/2" up and down.
Rudder 1/2" left and right.
Aileron 3/4" up , 1/2" down.
Flaperon, 25% of aileron movement.
Flaps, about 60-70 degrees max for
landing mode.

51

Launch flap, a conservative 1/2". It will

need more to pull hard.
Float, Cruise, and Reflex set to the
standard little bit down, flat on the lower
surface, and a little bit up. Lacking
published settings, these will work and
things will sort themselves out during the
first few outings.
Flying the Toba
Before we did the range check I had
been somewhat concerned about the
carbon strips and tightly packed gear in
the nose. This proved to be unfounded
though because we had no issues with
range using an Airtronics 92104 receiver
which did its job flawlessly as always.
After a quick jog to see how the model
felt with some airspeed I did a few hand
tosses. Elevator setting was spot on
and the throws felt fine. So up the line
it went, tracking straight and behaving
as it should. The full carbon wing is very
stiff, giving a precise feel to the handling.
Subsequent flights showed the CG to be
neutral. Actual measurement puts this at
4 1/8" from the wing LE, or 105mm.

The obligatory pre-maiden photo. Andy

with the newly finished Toba. Notice
the slim nose, typical of modern F3B
machines.

52

R/C Soaring Digest

TOBA DETAILS

November 2012

53

Running through a few quick tests I

then checked out the handling, stall
characteristics, and pushed the limits a
little to see how it responded.

54

With the model pointed away from me

I rolled it back and forth a few times
quickly to see how the nose tracked the
old roll-around-a-point exercise.

With the above settings and about 40%

rudder mixed to aileron input the Toba
tracked straight with no adverse yaw.
Roll rate was crisp, just how I like it.

R/C Soaring Digest

I was happy with the CG so I set elevator

trim for float and cruise modes then
played around with stalls. The Toba had
a lower stall speed than expected and
showed no bad habits.
Next was to see how it reacted to a bit
of abuse. Starting from a moderately fast
speed I cranked it up hard into a steep
turn. Toba was right at home, retaining
energy nicely through several revolutions.
Forcing a high speed stall in that attitude
again showed the forgiving handling
qualities. The recovery was immediate
upon proper pilot input.
Setting up for a landing, I pulled flaps to
check the elevator compensation mix.
Id programmed in a guess which was a
nearly linear curve with moderate down
elevator travel, and that proved to be a
good place to start. As expected, the
flaps are very effective with about 60-70
degrees of maximum travel. That is more
than enough.
This is a much heavier model than I am
used to, with a wing loading of 14 oz/
ft2, yet it floats and goes up in lighter lift
than I expected. The crisp handling and
wide speed envelope should be an asset
for the task soaring it is designed for as
well as make for a fun sailplane for big air
days at the thermal field or slope.

November 2012

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58

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Conclusion
The Toba was one of the most trouble free,
straightforward molded sailplane builds Ive
done. There is nothing tricky or complicated
about the build and nothing significant needs
to be reworked, though you may choose to use
lighter pushrods or your own control horns.
This is a lot of sailplane for the money and I
look forward to flying it more!
Resources:
OleRC:
<http://www.olerc.com>
Toba:
<http://www.olerc.com/toba-f3b-3-085m.html>
Airtronics:
<http://www.hobbypeople.net/index.php/>
Pushrods, towhook, etc.:
<http://kennedycomposites.com/>

November 2012

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KST DS125MG servo

Bill & Bunny Kuhlman, [email protected]

by Volz for model aircraft use - the flat sides of the motor are
flush with the case surface.
All of the gears in this servo are metal. There is no play in the
linkage and the sound in operation reflects the sturdiness with
which this servo is built. Operation is extremely smooth and the
measured travel with signals from 1.00sec to 2.00sec was
slightly more than 90 degrees.

The KST DS125MG is a thin, metal gear, digital servo. It is

designed and configured to be used to drive ailerons and flaps
on 2-servo, 4-servo or 6-servo wings.
During our evaluation, many comparisons were made with the
Hitec HS-5125MG, a similarly sized servo with which we are
extremely familiar, having used them extensively over the last
few years.
Our sample was provided by OleRC in Hong Kong
<http://www.olerc.com> and arrived in the usual retail cardstock
box and was enclosed in a bubble packet. Included with the
servo were three plastic servo arms, a blue anodized aluminum
arm, three mounting screws and the servo arm set-screw as
shown in the title photo.
The body of the DS125MG is primarily machined aluminum.
There is a molded plastic portion which sits at the base of the
gear train. The case itself is very reminiscent of those produced

60

In our testing, centering was consistently right on with no load,

and deviations of about 1/8th inch were measured with a load
of 48oz.in. (It should be noted that the nylon control arms
deflect substantially under this load as well.) With a 5-cell NiMH
pack, current draw is approximately 230mA with a load of
24oz.in, and 850mA with a load of 48oz.in. The maximum
measured current draw, 1.2A, occurred under full stall
conditions.
Because the DS125MG is slightly taller than the HiTEC
HS-5125MG and like servos, it may not be able to be used as
a direct replacement in most installations. For new installs,
wood frames need to be made slightly longer because of
the placement of the two ear holes. The KST DS125MG is
3gm/0.12oz heavier than the HS-5125 but is rated at about
50% more torque, so will be an advantageous choice in some
applications.
Sources:

OleRC:
KST:

<http://www.olerc.com>
<http://www.kstsz.com>

R/C Soaring Digest

KST DS125MG
Dimensions
WxTxH

30mm x 10mm x
35.5mm

HiTEC HS-5125MG
30mm x 10mm x 34mm
1.185" x 0.395" x 1.332"

1.185" x 0.395" x 1.414"

Rated torque

4.8 Kg.cm, 66.66 oz.in

@ 4.8v

3.0 Kg.cm, 41.7 oz.in @

4.8V

5.80 Kg.cm, 80.55 oz.in

@ 6.0v

3.5 Kg.cm, 48.6 oz.in @

6.0V

0.15 sec/60 @ 4.8V

0.17 sec/60 @ 4.8V

0.12 sec/60 @ 6.0V

0.13 sec/60 @ 6.0V

Case material

Machined aluminum and

molded plastic

Molded plastic

Weight

27g, 0.95oz

24g, 0.84oz

Bearings

Dual ball bearing

Dual ball bearing

Gear material

Bronze and steel with

steel output shaft

Nylon, steel and bronze

with steel output shaft

Retail price

$45.00

$50.00

Operating speed

November 2012

KST DS125MG

HiTEC HS-5125MG

61

SOARFEST 2013
2
23
3//2
24
4F
Fe
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brru
ua
arryy 2
20
01
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Ma
atta
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atta
a

Official Entry Form

** Entries Must be received by 20-02-2013

Two Payment Options :
1. Snail-mail - with Cheque made out to AucklandSoar Inc. to:

Soarfest

36 Ripon Cres Meadowbank Auckland 1072

Email Aneil Patel (doing Matrix) at : [email protected]
or
Ted Bealing at : [email protected] once the entry is in the mail.
2. Pay online to the club bank account
National Bank, Onehunga. A/C No 06 0209 0085092 00
Email Aneil Patel at : [email protected] or Ted Bealing at : [email protected]
once the payment has been made.

Name : ____________________________________________
NZMAA Number :________________
Frequency 1 : _______________

Open

(Entry Fee $20.00)

Frequency 2 : _______________

Sportsman

(FREE Entry fee)

Saturday Night BBQ (Details T.B.A)

All entries MUST BE RECEIVED and FEE/S PAID by 20 February 2013
Email entries accepted up until 8 pm on the 20th February NO Later.

Entries only accepted on the field if there are no frequency clashes and an available slot is left in the matrix
Please also provide an Alternative Frequency
If you cannot change frequencies you May Not be able to fly.
Event to be a Hybrid of Premier Duration/F3J.

By entering this contest I agree to abide by the Rules and Regulations as set out by AucklandSoar Inc, the
Contest Director or the Contest Protest Committee.
I agree to and accept the above conditions.

________________________________________
(Signature)

62

R/C Soaring Digest

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Photos

November 2012

63

Hey guys, I thought you might like a little

report on this years masters. If you were
not there you missed one of the best
contests in a long time. I have been to all
four of the Muncie based Masters and
flown in the flyoffs twice,which means I
have flown 58 rounds,which gives me a
great perspective from which to observe
the competition. This also means I have
been burnedand done a little burning
myself.
Every kind of condition existed this year
from dead calm to 30+ mph winds,
rain, cold, you name it. This was a real
test of man and machine. Aspires were
the plane of choice and in the wind got
great launches and penetrated well.
However, the few times the wind was not
blowing put them at a big disadvantage
against the light weight Maxas and super
light Explorers. Being at theoptimum
ballasted weight was crucial to doing well
in every round. Being too heavy meant
that getting that great save or climbing
with the group was almost impossible.
Being too light meant you could climb
out only to get way down wind with no
way to get back!
Having a good caller was also critical,
made even harder because of the short
time between groups, and the random
order made sure you had to get someone
different to call almost every round.
Trying to follow other planes down wind
led to many land-outs in the beans

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R/C Soaring Digest

(zero)and planes landing miles away as

pilots pushed the limits of their visibility
and underestimated the wind and their
planes ability to get back, which was
necessary many times to get that max.
I flew twiceWELL past my comfort zone,
but did get my time! Many low saves
were made throughout the contest, never
give up was the order of the day.
Ben Clerx andJim Fricky made great
saves during the finals, but thebest save
was done by Joe. 20 ft. high downwind

over the beans, no hope, a puff came

through. Zero gainthe first few turns but
slowly developed into great lift, climbing
out to the clouds.
I was timing another flier in this group
who made his time easily hooking up
right after launch. As Joe said, you must
have screwed up to be in that position in
the first place. It is much more fun when
you make those low saves, though!
The fliers helping each other was
amazing. On one of my rounds I grabbed

my plane to go fly and when I turned on

my transmitter I got the blank screen of
death, done, after all that expense and
effort. The Horizon boys soon found
out and diagnosed the problem as a
dead battery. Before I knew what was
happening I had a new battery and was
up in the next flight group ready to rock
and roll! I cannot thank these guy enough
for their amazing help and willingness to
help a guy when hes down.
On Saturday, trying to finish the last
regular rounds, the wind was blowing
so hard that the contest was called for
safety reasons. These guys were still
flying and making maxes! Think about
that next time you complain about a little
breeze! My group was next up. I switched
to my Aspire with the full 32oz of ballast,
but was pushed till the next morning.
This worked out great for me as my
Maxa is made for super light morning
air. I pushed out early as far forward and
south as possible as the first group had
done well out in that same spot. I stayed
as long as possible and slowly drifted
back. Others in the group were already
starting to land. Now I was out in front of
the winches and starting to feel bumps
of the very first early morning thermals.
Two different circles showed zero gain,
but the third showed promise. Working
as delicately as possible,I began to drift
back over the landing area at about 50ft.
It was at this pointthat I realized I was

November 2012

65

the only one still in the air. I was literally

circling over the guys in my group that
were putting their planes away.
Getting burned was just part of the game
and it happened to almost every pilot;
I think only two did not feel the pain. In
another group I was first to launch and
the wind was well over 25. With this
much wind my flight was pretty much
decided within a minute of launch.
The problem was the last to launch
was 90 seconds after me. Skip had this
happen to him only it was 2 minutes after
he launched that the last pilot, after a
line break, finally got in the air. Next year
this will be addressed with staggered
launches as was done in the finals.
This is a very intense contest. Not for the
faint of heart. You can come to learn, it
may be painful, but you will learn! Bring
two planes that are tried and true and
wont blow-up with full ballast launching
in 30 mph wind. If you want to play, the
Masters will be up next year to start the
stagger every other year with the World
Champs.
Congrats to Joe, flying Maxas, for his
well deserved win. He came all the way
from New Zealand and his winnings
almost payed for his trip!
See you next year!

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Scenes from

F3J

Samba Cup 2012

Martin Pilny, [email protected]

<http://www.PiNa.cz>

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Inexpensive
Model Storage
Stuart Bradley <[email protected]>

Im sure there are others that are similarly

organisationally challenged to myself,
and hopefully this may provide some
assistance with another idea for storing
model aircraft, without being too difficult
to make or requiring too much in the
way of motivation, which can also be
commodity in short supply in my garage!
The images pretty much tell the whole
story, so there isnt too much to describe.
The foam box comes from the local fruit
and veg store, or for me the local fish
monger (luckily, this box held plastic
wrapped fish). I pretty much just cut out
the airfoil shapes with a TLAR approach
(That Looks About Right, it wasnt very
right but didnt matter to me). You may
want to put more effort into getting the
shape more exact if youre worried about
the wing sitting for long periods in there,
but none of my planes are special so I
wasnt fussed.

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One thing to keep in mind is winglets and the like on each wing,
so plan out the spacing so all the wings fit in without getting in
each others way.
After that its just a matter of cutting out each wing slot with a
hobby knife, hacksaw blade or whatever other tool is applicable.
One issue I find is with smaller planes where the wings are
permanently fixed, with the box height the nose hits the bottom
of the box so they dont fit as exact as they could. Not a big
problem, and still better than having them laying around the
garage taking up more space than I had available.
In addition to the space and security benefits, I think the
fact that the wings are stored on the leading edge is a better
option,which should stop the warping that was possible with
them laying around or propped in the corner.
Im sure there are a lot better storage solutions out there, but
for me this worked well. Its cheap (no cost really), fast and easy
to make, and effective for its intended purpose.
As well as this, its transportable and useful if taking lots of
planes on a trip.
Hopefully this may be helpful to someone else who is
organisationally challenged like myself and could use a simple
method to store their models.

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