SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN

Centre for Modern Architecture Studies in Southeast Asia

(MASSA)

Bachelor of Science (Honours) (Architecture)

BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [ARC3413]

PROJECT 2: Integration with

Architecture Design Studio 5
Tutor: Mr Sanjeh Raman

Surayyn Selvan
0309818

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL
1.1 ARTIFICAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ]
1.1.1
Flexi Store 1A + 1B
1.1.2
Juice Bar
1.1.3
Kitchen
1.2 DAYLIGHT FACTOR
1.2.1
Flexi Store 9A + 9B
1.2.2
Flexi Store 10A + 10B
1.2.3
Lift Lobby

2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL

2.1 EXTERNAL SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS
2.1.1
Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman
2.1.2
Back Alley
2.2 REVERBERATION TIME
2.2.1
Flexi Store 3A + 3B
2.2.2
Loading / Unloading Bay
2.2.3
Kitchen
2.3 TRANSMISSION LOSS
2.3.1
Flexi Store 7A + 7B
2.3.2
Flexi Store 9A + 9B
2.3.3
Flexi Store 10A + 10B

3.0 REFERENCE LIST

4.0 APPENDIX

1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL

1.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ]
1.1.1
Flexi Store 1A + 1B

COMPONENT

MATERIAL

COLOUR

FINISH

REFLECTANCE VALUE (%)

WALL

Brick

Brown

Matte

20

FLOOR

Polished Concrete

Gray

Glossy

30

WINDOWS

Aluminium Frames

Silver

Glossy

58

Glass

Translucent

Glossy

60

Polished Concrete

Gray

Glossy

20

CEILING

Type of Fixture

DOT 2200 surface mounted downlight

Description

1 bulb, silver reflector

Dimensions

Diameter - 245mm
Height 300mm

Type of Lightbulb

GE LED Floodlight 89990

Dimensions

Diameter - 140mm

Colour

Bright White

Temperature

3000K

Wattage

75W

Luminous Flux

950lm

Voltage

18W

Lifespan

25000

Type of Lighting

Ambient

Colour Rendering Index

84

1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL

1.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ]
1.1.1
Flexi Store 1A + 1B
Dimension of room (m)

5.75m x 4.8m

Total floor area / A (m2)

27.6 m2

Lumen of lighting
fixtures / F (lux)

950

Height of luminaire (m)

3m

Work level (m)

0.8

Mounting height / H
(hm)

2.2

Assumption of
reflectance value

Ceiling = 0.7

Room Index / RI (K)

LxM
K = (L + M) h
m

K = (5.75 x 4.8) / (5.75 + 4.8) (2.2)

= 1.189

Utilization factor / UF
Based on Table 4.1

0.47

Standard Luminance
(lux)

300

Number of Lamps
ExA
N=
(F x UF x MF)

Spacing to Height Ratio

SHR = 1/(Hm) x A / N

(300 x 27.6) / (950 x 0.47 x 0.8)

= 23.1 lamps
= 24 lamps
(1 / 2.2) x (27.6 / 24)
= 0.52
0.52 x 2.2
= 1.1m
Along Wall,
4.8 / 1.1 = 4.36 ~ 4 rows
24 / 4 = 6 lamps per row
5.75 / 6 = 0.96m lamp to lamp

Based on the calculation, the arrangement

of the lamps for the store is as follows to
allow evenly distributed light throughout the
shop when partitioned and when not.
Although there are windows located at the
entrance of the shop, the spaces would
have to achieve a minimum lux level for the
fashion items to be properly displayed.

Wall = 0.5

Floor = 0.2

1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL

1.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ]
1.1.2
Juice Bar [DINING AREA]

COMPONENT

MATERIAL

COLOUR

FINISH

REFLECTANCE VALUE (%)

WALL

Brick

Brown

Matte

20

FLOOR

Polished Concrete

Gray

Glossy

30

CEILING

Polished Concrete

Gray

Glossy

20

Type of Fixture

1-Light Brushed Nickel Warehouse

Pendant

Description

1 light bulb, silver reflector

Dimensions

Diameter 40mm
Height 500mm

Type of Lightbulb

Halogen light bulb

Dimensions

Diameter - 60mm

Colour

Soft White

Temperature

3000K

Wattage

72W

Luminous Flux

600lm

Voltage

120V

Lifespan

1000 hours

Type of Lighting

Task

Colour Rendering Index

100

1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL

1.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ]
1.1.2
JUICE BAR [DINING AREA]
Dimension of room (m)

3.425m x 4.5m

Total floor area / A (m2)

15.4125m2

Lumen of lighting
fixtures / F (lux)

400

Height of luminaire (m)

3m

Work level (m)

0.8

Mounting height / H
(hm)

2.2

Assumption of
reflectance value

Ceiling = 0.7

Room Index / RI (K)

LxM
K = (L + M) h
m

K = (3.425 x 4.5) / (3.425 + 4.5) (2.2)

= 0.8

Utilization factor / UF
Based on Table 4.1

0.47

Standard Luminance
(lux)

200

Number of Lamps
ExA
N=
(F x UF x MF)

Spacing to Height Ratio

SHR = 1/(Hm) x A / N

Wall = 0.5

(200 x 15.4125) / (400 x 0.47 x 0.8)

= 20.4 lamps
= 25 lamps
(1 / 2.2) x (15.4125 / 25)
= 0.28
0.28 x 2.2
= 0.62 m
Along Wall,
3.425 / 0.62 = 5.5 ~ 5 rows
25 / 5 = 5 lamps per row
4.5 / 5 = 0.9m lamp to lamp

Floor = 0.2

1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL

1.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ]
1.1.2
Juice Bar [KITCHEN]

COMPONENT

MATERIAL

COLOUR

FINISH

REFLECTANCE VALUE (%)

WALL

Brick

Brown

Matte

20

FLOOR

Polished Concrete

Gray

Glossy

20

CEILING

Polished Concrete

Gray

Glossy

20

Type of Fixture

FOTO Pendant Lamp

Description

1 light bulb, silver reflector

Dimensions

Diameter 250mm
Height 400mm

Type of Lightbulb

LEDARE LED Bulb E26

Dimensions

Diameter - 140mm

Colour

Warm White

Temperature

2700 K

Wattage

6.3W

Luminous Flux

400 lm

Voltage

18V

Lifespan

25000 hours

Type of Lighting

Ambient

Colour Rendering Index

87

1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL

1.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ]
1.1.2
JUICE BAR [DINING AREA]
Dimension of room (m)

2.425 x 4.5

Total floor area / A (m2)

10.9125

Lumen of lighting
fixtures / F (lux)

600

Height of luminaire (m)

3m

Work level (m)

0.8

Mounting height / H
(hm)

2.2

Assumption of
reflectance value

Ceiling = 0.7

Room Index / RI (K)

LxM
K = (L + M) h
m

K = (2.425 x 4.5) / (2.425 + 4.5) (2.2)

= 0.7

Utilization factor / UF
Based on table 4.1

0.47

Standard Luminance
(lux)

300

Number of Lamps
ExA
N=
(F x UF x MF)

Spacing to Height Ratio

SHR = 1/(Hm) x A / N

Wall = 0.5

(300 x 10.9125) / (600 x 0.47 x 0.8)

= 14.5
= 16 lamps
(1 / 2.2) x (10.9125 / 16)
= 0.31
0.31 x 2.2
= 0.68 m
Along Wall,
2.425 / 0.68 = 3.5 ~ 4 rows
16 / 4 = 4 lamps per row
4.5 / 4 = 1.125m lamp to lamp

Based on the calculation, the arrangement

of the lamps for the juice bar is as follows to
allow evenly distributed light throughout the
kitchen and dining areas. Because of the
distance between the kitchen and dining
areas, not all the lights in the kitchen have
to be operated.

Floor = 0.2

1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL

1.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ]
1.1.3
Kitchen

COMPONENT

MATERIAL

COLOUR

FINISH

REFLECTANCE VALUE (%)

WALL

Brick

Brown

Matte

20

FLOOR

Ceramic Tiles

Beige

Glossy

30

CEILING

Polished Concrete

Gray

Glossy

20

Type of Fixture

T8 recess grille lighting fixture

Description

3 light tubes, silver reflector

Dimensions

1195mm X 595mm

Type of Lightbulb

LumiluxT8

Dimensions

Length - 1250mm

Colour

Cool White

Temperature

8000K

Wattage

10W

Luminous Flux

650 lm

Voltage

220V

Lifespan

20000hours

Type of Lighting

Task

Colour Rendering Index

80

1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL

1.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ]
1.1.3
Kitchen
Dimension of room (m)

7.2 x 5.2

Total floor area / A (m2)

37.44

Lumen of lighting
fixtures / F (lux)

650 x 3
= 1950 lux

Height of luminaire (m)

3.15

Work level (m)

0.8

Mounting height / H
(hm)

2.35

Assumption of
reflectance value

Ceiling = 0.7

Room Index / RI (K)

LxM
K = (L + M) h
m

K = (7.2 x 5.2) / (7.2 + 5.2) (2.35)

= 1.28

Utilization factor / UF
Based on Table 4.1

0.47

Standard Luminance
(lux)

300

Number of Lamps
ExA
N=
(F x UF x MF)

Spacing to Height Ratio

SHR = 1/(Hm) x A / N

Wall = 0.5

(300 x 37.44) / (1950 x 0.47 x 0.8)

= 15.31
= 15 lamps
(1 / 2.35) x (37.44 / 15)
= 1.06
1.06 x 2.35
= 2.5 m
Along Wall,
5.2 / 2.5 = 2.08 ~ 3 rows
15 / 3 = 5 lamps per row
7.2 / 5 = 1.44m lamp to lamp

Based on the calculation, the arrangement

of the lamps for the kitchen is as follows to
allow evenly distributed light throughout the
spaces for efficient tasking. There are no
window openings for the kitchen and
therefore, the lights would have to be in
operation during the opening hours of the
restaurant.

Floor = 0.2

1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL

1.2 DAYLIGHT FACTOR
1.2.1
Flexi Store 9A + 9B

Floor Area (m2)

7.8m x 4.8m
= 37.88

Window Area [Glazed] (m2)

( 3.6 x 2.75 ) x 2
= 19.8
(1.55 x 2.75) x 2
= 8.525
2.1 x 1
= 2.1

Opening [Unglazed] (m2)

Total Area [Unglazed + Glazed] (m2)

19.8 + 8.525 + 2.1

=30.425

Daylight Factor (%)

(30.425 / 37.88) / 0.1

=8%

Natural Illumination (lux)

E0 = 32000 lux

DF = Ei / Eo x 100%
8 = Ei / 32000 x 100%
Ei= 2560 lux

The flexi-store is east facing and has many openings thus resulting in a very high daylight
factor which is is 8%. Based on Table 4.2, this would result in very high thermal and glare
issues within the space. In order to reduce this, shading devices should be installed to reduce
the amount of glare in the space. Tinted window panels should be used as well to further
enhance the comfort of the space. Relying completely on the shade of the neighboring
buildings would not be enough.

1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL

1.2 DAYLIGHT FACTOR
1.2.2
Flexi Store 10A + 10B

Floor Area (m2)

7.8m x 4.8m
= 37.88

Window Area [Glazed] (m2)

( 3.6 x 2.75 ) x 2
= 19.8
(1.55 x 2.75) x 2
= 8.525
2.1 x 1
= 2.1

Opening [Unglazed] (m2)

Total Area [Unglazed + Glazed] (m2)

19.8 + 8.525 + 2.1

=30.425

Daylight Factor (%)

(30.425 / 37.88) / 0.1

=8%

Natural Illumination (lux)

E0 = 32000 lux

DF = Ei / Eo x 100%
8 = Ei / 32000 x 100%
Ei= 2560 lux

The flexi-store is east facing and has many openings thus resulting in a very high daylight
factor which is is 8%. Based on Table 4.2, this would result in very high thermal and glare
issues within the space. In order to reduce this, shading devices should be installed to reduce
the amount of glare in the space. Tinted window panels should be used as well to further
enhance the comfort of the space. Relying completely on the shade of the neighboring
buildings would not be enough.

1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL

1.2 DAYLIGHT FACTOR
1.2.3
Lift Lobby

Floor Area (m2)

13.95 x 4.91
= 61.14

Window Area [Glazed] (m2)

(4.925 x 2.7)
=13.2975
(5.85 x 2.7)
=15.795

Opening [Unglazed] (m2)

(13.95 x 3.6)
=50.22
(4.925 x 0.35)
=1.7375
(5.83 x 0.35)
=2.0405

Total Area [Unglazed + Glazed] (m2)

13.2975 + 15.795 + 50.22 + 1.7375 + 2.0405

Daylight Factor (%)

(83.0305 / 61.14) / 0.1

=13.5%

Natural Illumination (lux)

E0 = 32000 lux

DF = Ei / Eo x 100%
13.5 = Ei / 32000 x 100%
Ei= 4320 lux

= 83.0305

The lift lobby is west facing and has very large openings thus resulting in a very high daylight
factor which is 13.5%. Based on Table 4.2, this would result in extremely high thermal and
glare issues within the space. In order to reduce this, shading devices should be installed to
reduce the amount of glare in the space. Tinted window panels should be used as well to
further enhance the comfort of the space. However, the back alley is narrow and would
provide sufficient shading to the lift lobby space.

2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL

2.1 EXTERNAL SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS
2.1.1
Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman
Non- Peak Hours

Peak Hours

Highest Sound Level Reading (dB)

79

85

Lowest Sound Level Reading (dB)

75

83

Intensity for Highest Reading

79 = 10 log10 ( Ii / (1 X 10-12) )
I = 7.94 X 10-5

85 = 10 log10 ( Ii / (1 X 10-12) )
I = 3.16 X 10-4

Intensity for Highest Reading

75 = 10 log10 ( Ii / (1 X 10-12) )
I = 3.16 X 10-5

83 = 10 log10 ( Ii / (1 X 10-12) )
I = 2.0 X 10-4

Total Intensity

(7.94 X 10-5) + (3.16 X 10-5)

= 1.11 X 10-4

(3.16 X 10-4) + (2.0 X 10-4)

= 5.16 X 10-4

Sound Pressure Level

SPL = 10 log10 ( Ii / Io )
Whereby Io = 1 X 10-12

10 log10[ (1.11 X 10-4) / ( 1 X 10-12)]

= 80 dB

10 log10[ (5.16 X 10-4) / ( 1 X 10-12)]

= 87 dB

Non- Peak Hours

Peak Hours

Highest Sound Level Reading (dB)

57

60

Lowest Sound Level Reading (dB)

55

58

2.1.2

Back Alley

Intensity for Highest Reading

57 = 10 log10 ( Ii / (1 X 10-12) )
I = 5.01 X 10-7

60 = 10 log10 ( Ii / (1 X 10-12) )
I = 1 X 10-6

Intensity for Highest Reading

55 = 10 log10 ( Ii / (1 X 10-12) )
I = 3.16 X 10-7

58 = 10 log10 ( Ii / (1 X 10-12) )
I = 6.31 X 10-7

Total Intensity

(5.01 X 10-7) + (3.16 X 10-7)

= 8.17 X 10-7

(1 X 10-6) + (6.31 X 10-7)

= 1.63 X 10-6

Sound Pressure Level

SPL = 10 log10 ( Ii / Io )
Whereby Io = 1 X 10-12

10 log10[ (8.17 X 10-7) / ( 1 X 10-12)]

= 59dB

10 log10[ (1.63 X 10-6) / ( 1 X 10-12)]

= 62dB

2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL

2.2 REVERBERATION TIME
2.2.1
Flexi Store 3A + 3B

Component

Material

Colour

Surface
finish

Surface
area (m2)

Absorbtion
Coefficient
(500Hz)

ABS Unit
(m2 sabins)

WALL

Brick Wall

Brown

Matte

54.8154

0.12

6.5778

FLOOR

Polished
Concrete

Gray

Glossy

24.3

0.06

1.458

CEILING

Polished
Concrete

Gray

Glossy

24.3

0.06

1.458

Aluminium
Frame

Silver

Glossy

1.36

0.25

0.34

Glass

Transparent

Glossy

10.73

0.18

1.9314

WINDOWS

Total Absorption (A)

11.7652

Total volume := [(5.75 X 1.3 X 2.55) X 2] + ( 4.25 X 2.2 X 2.55 )

= 61.965 m3

REVERBERATION TIME
t=

=
=

0.16V
A
0.16(61.965m3)
11.7652
0.8 seconds

According to AS/NZ 2107:2000 time of

less than 1.0 seconds, it can be seen that the
Flexi Store has a very low level of
reverberation timing. With the presence of the
fabrics and textiles, it would be reduced even
further. Thus, it is at a comfortable level.

2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL

2.2 REVERBERATION TIME
2.2.2
Loading / Unloading Bay

Component

Material

Colour

Surface
finish

Surface
area (m2)

Absorbtion
Coefficient
(500Hz)

ABS Unit
(m2 sabins)

WALL

Brick Wall

Brown

Matte

70.6425

0.12

8.4771

FLOOR

Polished
Concrete

Gray

Glossy

55.98

0.06

3.3588

CEILING

Polished
Concrete

Gray

Glossy

55.98

0.06

3.3588

DOORS

Aluminium

Silver

Glossy

23.7

0.04

0.948

Total Absorption (A)

16.1427

Total volume := 7.2 X 7.775 X 3.15

= 176.337

REVERBERATION TIME
t=

=
=

0.16V
A
0.16(176.337m3)
16.1427
1.75 seconds

According to AS/NZ 2107:2000 time of

less than 1.0 seconds, it can be seen that the
loading bay has a very long reverberation
t i m e . To r e d u c e t h i s , i t w o u l d b e
recommended to install acoustic tiles on the
walls of the space.

2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL

2.2 REVERBERATION TIME
2.2.3
Kitchen

Component
9.2988
WALL

Material

Colour

Surface
finish

Surface
area (m2)

Absorbtion
Coefficient
(500Hz)

ABS Unit
(m2 sabins)

Brick Wall

Brown

Matte

77.49

0.12

9.2988

FLOOR

Ceramic
Tiles

Beige

Glossy

41.04

0.01

0.4104

CEILING

Polished
Concrete

Gray

Glossy

41.04

0.06

2.4624

DOORS

Wood

Brown

Matte

3.78

0.06

0.2268

Total Absorption (A)

12.3984

Total volume := 7.2 X 5.7 X 3.15

=

129.276

REVERBERATION TIME
t=

=
=

0.16V
A
0.16(129.276m3)
12.3984
1.67 seconds

According to AS/NZ 2107:2000 time of

less than 1.0 seconds, it can be seen that the
loading bay has a very long reverberation
t i m e . To r e d u c e t h i s , i t w o u l d b e
recommended to install acoustic tiles on the
walls of the space.

2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL

2.3 TRANSMISSION LOSS
2.3.1 Flexi Store 7A + 7B

JALAN TUANKU ABDUL RAHMAN [87dB]

Component

Wall

Material

Brick Wall

Area (m2)

Sound
Reduction
Index (SRI)

15.6825

42

Transmission
Coeficient
6.31 X 10-5

Area X
Transmission
coefficient
9.9 X 10-4

SRI = 10log10 [ 1 / (Tav) ]

Whereby, Tav is (S1 X Tc1) + (S2 X Tc2) / Total Surface Area
42 = 10log10 ( 1 / Tbrick )
Tbrick = 6.31 X 10-5

Total SRI = 10log10 [ 1 / (6.31 X 10-5) ]

= 42dB
Sound Pressure Level of store during peak hours
87 dB 42dB
= 45 dB

According the MS1525, the standard Sound

Pressure Level of a shop / caf is 38- 52dB. It can be
seen that the flex-store has a comfortable sound level.
With the presence of fabric and textiles in the shop, this
will be reduced even further.

2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL

2.3 TRANSMISSION LOSS
2.3.2 Flexi Store 9A + 9B

JALAN TUANKU ABDUL RAHMAN [87dB]

Component

Material

Area (m2)

Sound
Reduction
Index (SRI)

Transmission
Coeficient

Area X
Transmission
coefficient

Wall

Brick Wall

4.11

42

6.31 X 10-5

2.59341 X 10-4

Window

Single Pane
Glass

21.09

35

3.16 X 10-4

6.66444 X 10-3

SRI = 10log10 [ 1 / (Tav) ]

Whereby, Tav is (S1 X Tc1) + (S2 X Tc2) / Total Surface Area
42 = 10log10 ( 1 / Tbrick )
Tbrick = 6.31 X 10-5
35= 10log10 ( 1 / Twindow)
Twindow= 3.16 X 10-4
Tav = [ (6.31 X 10-5) (4.11) + (3.16 X 10-4)(21.09) ] / (4.11+21.09)
= (2.59341 X 10-4) + (6.66444 X 10-3) / 25.2
= 2.7475 X 10-4
Total SRI = 10 log10 [ 1 / (2.7475 X 10-4) ]
= 36 dB
Sound Pressure Level of store during peak hours
87 dB 36dB
= 51 dB

According the MS1525, the standard Sound

Pressure Level of a shop / caf is 38- 52dB. It can be
seen that the flex-store is slightly below the maximum
requirement for a comfortable sound level. With the
presence of fabric and textiles in the shop, this will be
reduced even further.

2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL

2.3 TRANSMISSION LOSS
2.3.3 Flexi Store 10A + 10B

JALAN TUANKU ABDUL RAHMAN [87dB]

Component

Material

Area (m2)

Sound
Reduction
Index (SRI)

Transmission
Coeficient

Area X
Transmission
coefficient

Wall

Brick Wall

4.11

42

6.31 X 10-5

2.59341 X 10-4

Window

Single Pane
Glass

21.09

35

3.16 X 10-4

6.66444 X 10-3

SRI = 10log10 [ 1 / (Tav) ]

Whereby, Tav is (S1 X Tc1) + (S2 X Tc2) / Total Surface Area
42 = 10log10 ( 1 / Tbrick )
Tbrick = 6.31 X 10-5
35= 10log10 ( 1 / Twindow)
Twindow= 3.16 X 10-4
Tav = [ (6.31 X 10-5) (4.11) + (3.16 X 10-4)(21.09) ] / (4.11+21.09)
= (2.59341 X 10-4) + (6.66444 X 10-3) / 25.2
= 2.7475 X 10-4
Total SRI = 10 log10 [ 1 / (2.7475 X 10-4) ]
= 36 dB
Sound Pressure Level of store during peak hours
87 dB 36dB
= 51 dB

According the MS1525, the standard Sound

Pressure Level of a shop / caf is 38- 52dB. It can be
seen that the flex-store is slightly below the maximum
requirement for a comfortable sound level. With the
presence of fabric and textiles in the shop, this will be
reduced even further.

3.0 REFERENCE LIST

ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS. (n.d.). Retrieved April 22, 2015, from http://www.acoustic.ua/
st/web_absorption_data_eng.pdf
Absorption Coefficients of common building materials and finishes. (2014).Retrieved May 01,
2015, from http://www.sae.edu./reference_material/pages/Coefficient
%20Chart.htm
AS/NZS 2107 (2000). Acous)cs Recommended design sound levels and reverbera)on )mes for
building interiors. Australian/New Zealand Standards: Sydney/Wellington.
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reference_material/pages/Coefficient%20Chart.htm
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or Non-Residential Buildings. (2007). Departments of Standards Malaysia.
Technical Information. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2015, from http://saudilighting.com/
technicalguide/Photometry.html

4.0 APPENDIX

Table 4.1 Utilization Factor table

Table 4.2 Daylight Factor Distribution