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Giacomo Santi, Università Per Stranieri Di Siena: Nominalizations in Hittite. A Typological Approach

This document discusses nominalizations in Hittite and analyzes different nominalized forms such as supines, infinitives, and deverbal nouns. It examines the extent to which these forms preserve verbal characteristics or have become more nominal. Examples are provided analyzing characteristics like tense, aspect, syntactic role. Further investigations are proposed regarding differences between forms, their ability to cover syntactic roles, and differences between finite and nominalized forms. The goal is to better understand the typology of nominalizations in Hittite.

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29 views2 pages

Giacomo Santi, Università Per Stranieri Di Siena: Nominalizations in Hittite. A Typological Approach

This document discusses nominalizations in Hittite and analyzes different nominalized forms such as supines, infinitives, and deverbal nouns. It examines the extent to which these forms preserve verbal characteristics or have become more nominal. Examples are provided analyzing characteristics like tense, aspect, syntactic role. Further investigations are proposed regarding differences between forms, their ability to cover syntactic roles, and differences between finite and nominalized forms. The goal is to better understand the typology of nominalizations in Hittite.

Uploaded by

Mar Alex
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Nominalizations in Hittite.

A typological approach.
Giacomo Santi, Universit per Stranieri di Siena
[email protected]

ANC
Action Nominal Constructions

Does nominalised forms in Hittite show such properties?


How?

EXAMINED FORMS
Supines
-wan

Many scholars showed how ANC can


inherit ARGUMENTS from the verbs
they derive fom.
NOT ONLY: they can also express
almost all verbal properties, such as
Tense

Is it possible to determine to what extent a nominalised


form preserves verbal characteristics or it has been
concretised?

Mode
Aspect

Infinitives
-wanzi, -manzi
-anna

Verbal Substantives
-war
-mar
-tar

(Deverbal) Nouns
-tar
-ear
-ul
-an
-zil
att -ur
-ima

Diathesis
Aktionsart

EXAMPLES
Classification
Criteria

+ VERBAL CHARACTERISTICS
+ NOMINAL CHARACTERISTICS
- Plural
+Plural
+ Syntactic Structure
- Syntactic Structure
= Morph. Configuration VS Morph.
Configuration
+ Particles (N.B. It is difficult to determine
- Particles
whether a particle is linked to a nominalised
form or to another element within the sentence)
+ Preverbs
- Preverbs
+ Verbal suffixes (ex. -ke-, -anna- etc.)
- Verbal suffixes (ex. -ke-, -anna- etc.)
+ Light Verbs
- Light Verbs
+ Proximity of the related verb (also figura
+ Determinatives (ex. Sum. GI, NA4 etc.)
etymologica, the nominalised form is the direct
object of the finite form of the verb or the finite
form of the verb is replaced by the nominalised
form)
+ Nominal Sentence (even with zero copula)
- Nominal Sentence
+ Noun Modifiers (adjectives, pronouns, numerals)

FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS
1)Is there any difference among the several hittite nominalised forms according to the
syntactic point of view?
2)Can they cover any syntactic role?
3)Is there any evidence for the difference in using a finite verbal form from a nominalised
form?
4)A same root can take different nominalising suffixes: are they used in different constructions
or for carrying different meanings?
5)It has been proved that infinitives are ancient nominalised forms; those with an - i ending
were locatives, whereas those with an -a ending were allatives. Are there any traces for this
ancient difference according to their use in different constructions? So far, I observed that
the verb pai- to give mainly appears with -anna infinitives, whereas zinni- to finish, to
stop mainly appears with -wanzi infinitives.
6)Is there any chronological evolution of the nominalised forms according to their use?

ta (-)! wa-a-ta-u -e-mi-ir


< wat- to sin acc.pl. (watai- c. VS watul n.)
and they discovered sins(KBo 3.34 ii 24)
MUNUS-a-ma ku-a-an ITU.1.KAM 6 GN.K[.BABBAR] pa-a-i
obj.gen.
<ku- to pay
light verb
of a woman one years wage he/she shall give, 6 silver shekels (KBo 6.2 i 55 )
IGII.A-a-mu -wa-a-tar pa-a-i
S.gen or dat.-loc.pl. <au- to see light verb
give me the seeing of (my) eyes (KUB 27.67+ ii 65)
[A-NA ma-at-tu-i-li p]a-ra-a a-an-da-an-da-tar
<para andandae- to show providence
[show] attuili the providence (KUB 21.27+++ iv 3)
ma-a-an L-ni ku-e-da-ni a-a[-a]-tar NU.GL
dat.S. (often dat.S with nom.act. + NU.GL) <a-/a- to beget, to
procreate
if there is no procreating possibility for a man (KUB 9.27 + KUB 7.8 i 2-3)
[x x -]i? pr-ki-i-[ta?] -u-i pr-ga-tar p-ra-an 1 LI-IM 9 ME-ya DANN[A]
nite verb form replaced by nom.act. <park-/parkiya- to raise (trans.);
to grow (intr.)
he grew up; and for his height 1900 leagues (KUB 33.106+ i 17)
A-NA DUMU.NAM.L.U19.LU-pt-kn an-da me-mi-an ki-an me-m[i-i]-knzi
<mema- to speak g. etym.
among the mortals they say this saying this way (KUB 21.27+++ ii 15 )
tk-ku-wa-ta-an pr-na-ma ku-e-el-ka p-e-i-ez-zi a-lu-[wa-an-za-tar DI-IN
LUGAL]
<dfrom the root alwanz- being bewitched nominal sentence zero copula
but if he disposes of them in someone's house, (it is) sorcery (and) a case for the
king (KBo 6.2 ii 35 )
tk-ku ARAD.ME-U GME.ME-U [u-ur-ki-il i-e]n?-z[i?]
<*(H)eurh- strangle light verb
if anyone's male and female slaves enters into unpermitted sexual pairings
(Kbo 6.26 iv 1)
nu dIm-pa-lu-ri-i[ INIMME-a]r a-ru-ni EGIR-pa me-mi-i-ki-u-w[a-an] da!-ai
<mema- to speak+ - keand Impaluri began to say again the words to the sea (KBo 33.102++++ ii 1)
a-da-an-na-wa-a-[i a]-ku-wa-an-na -da-an-du
<ad-/ed- to eat -anna Inf. eku-/aku- to drink -anna Inf.
shall they bring him (something) to eat and to drink( KBo 33.102+++ ii 25)

CTH
CTH 291/292 - Le leggi ittite
CTH 8 - Cronaca di Palazzo
CTH 24 - Il decreto antico-ittita di Pimpira
CTH 321 - Il mito di Illuyanka
CTH 324 - Il mito di Telipinu
CTH 342.1 e 2 - Asertu e il dio della Tempesta
CTH 344 - Il regno nel cielo
CTH 345 - Il canto di Ulikummi
CTH 727 - La luna che cadde dal cielo
CTH 373 - Orazione di Kantuzili per alleviare le sue sofferenze
CTH 376 - Preghiera di Murili a causa della peste

CTH 378.2 - Preghiera di Murili a causa della peste (II)


CTH 381 - Orazione da recitarsi in caso di emergenza
CTH 391.1 - Rituale di purificazione per invocare laiuto dei demoni
protettori
CTH 404.1 e .2 - Rituale contro i dissensi familiari
CTH 406 - Rituale contro limpotenza
CTH 410 - Rituale contro la peste
CTH 424 - Rituale per la costruzione di un nuovo palazzo
CTH 422 - Rituale prima della battaglia
CTH 427 - Il giuramento militare
CTH 434.1 Rituale per contrastare la stregoneria
CTH 480 Rituale per la purificazione di dei e uomo
CT 483 - Evocatio

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