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Damped System: Free Vibration: KX X C X M

1) Damped systems can experience free vibration, forced vibration via direct force, forced vibration via imbalance mass, or forced vibration via base excitation. 2) The key parameters that characterize damped systems are damping ratio ζ, natural frequency ωn, and damped natural frequency ωd. 3) Forced vibration problems are characterized by the excitation frequency ω, phase shift φ between forcing and response, and transmissibility TR which is the ratio of transmitted to applied force. 4) Imbalance mass problems have an eccentric mass m that rotates and induces a sinusoidal centrifugal force, while base excitation problems involve applying force directly to the base or foundation that the system is attached to

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Jaziri Dato J
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321 views5 pages

Damped System: Free Vibration: KX X C X M

1) Damped systems can experience free vibration, forced vibration via direct force, forced vibration via imbalance mass, or forced vibration via base excitation. 2) The key parameters that characterize damped systems are damping ratio ζ, natural frequency ωn, and damped natural frequency ωd. 3) Forced vibration problems are characterized by the excitation frequency ω, phase shift φ between forcing and response, and transmissibility TR which is the ratio of transmitted to applied force. 4) Imbalance mass problems have an eccentric mass m that rotates and induces a sinusoidal centrifugal force, while base excitation problems involve applying force directly to the base or foundation that the system is attached to

Uploaded by

Jaziri Dato J
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Damped system: Free vibration

Equation of motion (well you should be able to show this):

mx cx kx 0
c

The solution for the 2nd order ODE above is

x
The natural frequency n is the same as the undamped system,

k
.
m

The damped natural frequency is

d n 1 2 .
The damping ratio,

c
c

ccr 2mn

where c is the damping coefficient of the dashpot, and the critical damping coefficient,
ccr = 2mn .
Under-damped: < 1 (see Figure 2 on p.4)
Critically-damped: = 1
Over-damped: > 1
Logarithmic decrement, which is characterizes the
continuous reduction of amplitudes in an underdamped system, is

ln

x1
2
n d
x2
1 2

David, N.V.

Damped system: Forced vibration with Direct Force


The forcing function F(t) is harmonic and is applied at
an excitation frequency of .
c

The mass oscillates with a frequency identical to the


forcing functions frequency.

There is a phase shift between the mass and the


forcing function (see Figure 5 on p.8 and on p.12).
m

The amplitude of the mass X peaks near the forcing


frequency.
x

F(t) = F0sin(t)

The smaller the damping ratio , the larger the


amplitude.

Characteristic equation (see p.7):

Solution (see p.7):

where the amplitude of vibration X is

F0 / k
(1 r ) (2 r )
2 2

where r

tan

, and
n

2 r
1 r2

David, N.V.

(see Figure 6 on p.13 for response curves)

what happens when r = 1?

what happens when = 0, no damping?

Damped system: Forced vibration with Imbalance Mass


Imbalance rotating mass creates inertially-induced
forcing function of sinusoidal form:

F(t) = F0sin(t)
x

F F0 sin(t )
M

where F0 = Me2, is the centrifugal force.

The imbalance mass will be situated at an eccentric


position e.

ground

Characteristic equation (see p.21):

Solution (see p. 22):

Me 2 / k
(1 r ) (2 r )

where r

2 2

, and
n

(see Figure 11 on p.22 for response curves)

what happens when r = 1?

What will be the maximum force exerted onto the machine m due to imbalance?
How about the force transmitted to the ground due to applied force or imbalance mass?

David, N.V.

Damped system: Forced transmissibility (Direct and Imbalance)


F(t) = F0sin(t)

The force applied or induced by rotating


imbalance will be transmitted to the
foundation (ground) where the machine is
installed.

x
M
m

The force transmitted (Ft) to the foundation is


the sum of the spring force and the damping
force.

Force transmissibility, TR is defined as


c

F
TR t .
F0

Ft
ground

In any of the two cases of loading (direct or induced), TR is given as

TR

1 (2 r )2
(1 r 2 )2 (2 r )2

David, N.V.

.(see Figure 13 on p.28 for response curves)

Damped system: Forced vibration via Base Excitation


x

This is a case where force is NOT directly applied


to the mass.
Excitation is applied to the mass at the base via the
latters motion s defined as

s(t ) S sin t .
c

where S is the amplitude of base motion.

k
s

A new variable that relates x and s, called relative


displacement is introduced as z where
base

z = x s.

Equation of motion (see p.33)

Solution (see p. 34):

Sr 2
(1 r 2 )2 (2 r )2

what happens when r = 1?

and

tan

2 r
1 r2

(same as for the case of direct force)

The mass motion amplitude can be determined from

1 (2 r ) 2
X

.
2 2
2
S
(1 r ) (2 r )

1 (2 r )2
Ft
2
TR

r
.
Force transmitted to the base in base vibration is
2 2
2
kS
(1 r ) (2 r )

David, N.V.

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