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Parts of Speech Notes

This document provides notes on the main parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. For each part of speech, it defines what it is, provides examples and subcategories, and notes key characteristics like how they are used in sentences. It also includes mnemonic devices like AAAWWUBBIS to help remember types of conjunctions.

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Tarakul Hoque Masum
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910 views

Parts of Speech Notes

This document provides notes on the main parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. For each part of speech, it defines what it is, provides examples and subcategories, and notes key characteristics like how they are used in sentences. It also includes mnemonic devices like AAAWWUBBIS to help remember types of conjunctions.

Uploaded by

Tarakul Hoque Masum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARTS OF SPEECH NOTES

NOUN person, place, thing, or idea / The (noun) smiled.


o

Nouns can be common or proper

Common nouns: man, book, city, team

Proper nouns: Justin, Lord of the Flies, New York, New York Giants

Nouns can be concrete (things you can see or touch) or abstract (things you cant see or touch)

Concrete nouns: dishes, desks, discs, doorknobs

Abstract nouns: love, justice, guilt, anxiety

Nouns can be subjects or objects

A subject noun names the person, place, thing or idea that is doing the action or is being talked
about.
Our family loved spending afternoons in the park.

An object noun is used as the direct object, indirect object, or object of the preposition.
We would often eat our lunch there.

A predicate noun follows a linking verb or a form of the be verb and repeats/renames the
subject.
Our favorite game was football.

PRONOUN substitutes for nouns and function as nouns / Jess said the hat was __(pronoun)__.
o

Personal pronouns refers to specific people, places, or things

Indefinite pronouns do not substitute for specifics

everybody, some
Everybody speaks.

Relative pronouns relate groups of words to nouns or other pronouns

I, you, be, she, it we, they


I want to go home.

who, whoever, which, that


The book that won is a novel.

Interrogative pronouns introduce questions

who, which, what


Who will contribute?

Demonstrative pronouns identify or point to nouns

Intensive pronouns a personal pronoun + self/selves

himself, ourselves
He himself asked that question.

Reflexive pronouns same form as intensive but indicate that the sentence subject also receives the
action of the verb

this, that, such


This is a problem.

themselves
They injured themselves.

VERB action or state of being


o
o
o
o

Janie __(verb)__ five miles.


You/He/She/They/We __(intransitive verb)__ often.
I/You/It __(linking verb)__ happy.
Lets __(transitive verb)__ it.

Transitive verbs pass the action on to a receiver (person, place, or thing)/object

The receiver is the object


I threw the pen.

HINT: if there are questions left (who, where, what), its probably transitive

Intransitive verbs dont pass the action on to a receiver

Linking verbs link subjects to word(s) that describe the subject

Any form of the be verb (am, is, are, were, was, be, being, been)
The answer is three.

Verb Phrases consist of a main verb and a helping verb

Helping verbs = can, could, did, do, does, had, has, have, may, might, must, shall, should, will,
would
She had always been thinking of her future.

ADVERB modify/describes verbs, adjective, or other adverbs; answers the question HOW? WHEN? WHERE? or
TO WHAT EXTENT?
Who ran __(adverb)__ in the relay?
I ran __(adverb)__.
o

HINT: -ly ending is a clue that its an adverb

Adverbs have 3 forms: positive, comparative, and superlative.

Positive
Performing fleas train vigorously. (Vigorously modifies the verb train
any comparisons.)

without making

Comparative
Jumping frogs train more vigorously than performing fleas. (More vigorously modifies the
verb train and compares how frogs train to how fleas
train.)

Superlative
Fidos flea is the most vigorously trained insect in the world. (Most vigorously modifies the
adjective trained and compares one flea to all other insects.)

Good vs. Well

Good is used only as an adjective

Well can be used as an adverb (many different meanings) or an adjective (only meaning fit
or healthy)
Her health was good. Good is an adj. describing her health.
Decker trained well. Well is an adv. telling me HOW Decker trained.

ADJECTIVE modifies/describes a noun or pronoun; answers the questions WHAT KIND? HOW MANY? WHICH
ONE?
The (adjective) girl/boy is very (adjective).
o

4 Types of Adjectives

Demonstrative: points out a particular noun


This kitten is mean, but that cat is meaner.

Compound: made up of more than one word


Scar-faced Bronty is no scaredy-cat guard.

Indefinite: gives an approximate number/quantity


Some cats enjoy having many mice around.

Predicate: follows a linking verb and describes the subject


A frustrated kitten is unpleasant and unpredictable.

Forms of Adjectives

Positive: describes noun/pronoun without comparing it to anything

Frozen yogurt is a light dessert.

Comparative: compares 2 nouns/pronouns


Frozen yogurt is a lighter dessert than ice cream.

Superlative: compares 3 or more nouns/pronouns

Frozen yogurt is the lightest dessert of the five on this menu.


PREPOSITIONS show position or direction
Kate tossed a penny (preposition) the fountain.
o Gives more information and explains things. Explains relationships.
o Prepositions always exist in phrases
A prepositional phrase can be left out of a sentence and the sentence still makes sense.
A prepositional phrase starts with a preposition
A phrase contains a subject or a verb not both
o Without prepositions, we lose visuals in writing as well as our orientation in time and space.
CONJUNCTIONS connects ideas or joins words, phrases, or clauses
Fred finished his math (conjunction) science.
o
o
o

Connects words, phrases/clauses, and sentences


Allows us to say more without repetition
Subordinate Conjunctions:
AAAWWUBBIS: as, after, although, while, when, until, before, because, if, since
o Coordinate:
FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
INTERJECTIONS word or phrase used to express strong emotion or surprise
__(interjection)__, Joe, guess where Im
going next week?
o Shows intense emotion
o Exists in single words or VERY short phrases.
o Usually set off with a comma, exclamation point, question mark, or period.
o Examples:
Ahhh! Oh. Hey, Oh my gosh! Huh? Oh, man! Dude! Dude. Dude?

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