1. What are the two key factors affecting thermal fatigue?

1. Magnitude of the temperature swing

2. The frequency (number of cycles)
(4.2.9)
2. What are the 4 Critical Factors for Mechanical Fatigue?
1. Geometry
2. Stress level
3. Number of cycles
4. Material properties
(4.2.16)
3. What are the 2 Critical Factors of Vibration Induced Fatigue?
1. Amplitude and frequency of vibration and
2. The fatigue resistance of the components.
(4.2.17)
4. What is the one Critical Factor for Caustic Corrosion?
1. The presence of caustic (NaOH or KOH)
(4.3.10)
5. What are the 6 Critical Factors for Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking?
1. Chloride content
2. pH
3. Temperature,
4. Stress,
5. Presence of oxygen and
6. Alloy composition.
(4.5.1)

6. What are the 4 Critical Factors for Corrosion Fatigue?

1. Material
2. Corrosive environment
3. Cyclic stresses, and
4. Stress risers
(4.5.2)

7. What are the 3 Critical factors for Caustic SCC?

1. Caustic strength,
2. Metal temperature
3. Stress levels
(4.5.3)
8. What pH does Ammonia SCC occur for Copper Alloys?
Above 8.5
(4.5.4)
9. Alloy 400 is susceptible to cracking from what molten metal?
Mercury
(4.5.5.4)
10. What are the three critical factors for Hydrogen Embrittlement?
1. Hydrogen must be present at a critical concentration
2. Material strength & microstructure
3. Stress above a threshold
(4.5.6)
11. What are the 6 critical factors for amine corrosion?
1. Design and operating practices
2. The type of amine,
3. Amine concentration
4. Contaminants
5. Temperature and
6. Velocity
(5.1.1.1)
12. What are the 3 critical factors for Polythionic Acid SCC?
1. Environment
2. Material, and
3. Stress
(5.1.2.1)

13. What are the critical factors for Amine Stress Corrosion cracking?
1. The level of tensile stress,
2. Amine concentration and
3. Temperature
(5.1.2.2)
14. What are the three variables that affect wet H2S damage?
1. Environmental conditions (pH, H2S level, contaminants, temperature)
2. Material properties (hardness, microstructure, strength)
3. Tensile stress level (applied or residual)
(5.1.2.3)
15. What are the 3 critical factors for Hydrogen Stress Cracking HF?
1. Steel hardness
2. Strength, and
3. Stress
(5.1.2.4)

16. What are the 2 Critical factors for Carbonate Stress Cracking?
1. Residual stress
2. Water chemistry
(5.1.2.5)
17. The 4 critical factors for HTHA for a specific material are?
1. Temperature
2. Hydrogen partial pressure
3. Time
4. Stress
(5.1.3.1)
18. What are the 7 Critical factors for ammonium bisulfide corrosion?
1. NH4HS concentration,
2. H2S partial pressure,
3. Velocity and/or localized turbulence,
4. pH,
5. Temperature,
6. Alloy composition
7. Flow distribution
(5.1.1.2)

19. What are the 3 critical factors for ammonium chloride corrosion?
1. Concentration (NH3, HCl, H20 or amine salts),
2. Temperature and
3. Water availability
(5.1.1.3)

20. What are the 3 critical factors for Hydrochloric (HCl) acid corrosion?
1. Acid concentration
2. Temperature
3. Alloy composition
(5.1.1.4)
21. What are the 4 critical factors for Hydrofluoric (HF) acid corrosion?
1. HF acid concentration (water content),
2. Temperature,
3. Alloy composition and
4. The presence of contaminants including oxygen and sulfur compounds
(5.1.1.6)
22. What are the 5 critical factors for Naphthenic Acid Corrosion?
1. Naphthenic acid content (neutralization number),
2. Temperature,
3. Sulfur content,
4. Velocity and
5. Alloy composition
(5.1.1.7)
23. What are the 4 critical factors for Phenol (Carbolic Acid) corrosion?
1. Temperature
2. Water content
3. Alloy chemistry
4. Velocity
(5.1.1.8)

24. What are the 3 critical factors for Phosphoric Acid corrosion?
1. Acid concentration
2. Temperature
3. Contaminants
(5.1.1.9)
25. What are the 5 critical factors for Sour Water corrosion (acidic)?
1. H2S content,
2. pH,
3. Temperature,
4. Velocity and
5. Oxygen concentration
(5.1.1.10)
26. What are the 6 critical factors for Sulfuric acid corrosion?
1. Acid concentration,
2. Temperature,
3. Alloy content,
4. Velocity,
5. Contamination and
6. Presence of oxidizers
(5.1.1.11)
27. What are the critical factors for Aqueous Organic acid corrosion?
1. Type and quantity of organic acids,
2. Metal temperature,
3. Fluid velocity,
4. System pH, and
5. Presence of other acids
(5.1.1.12)
28. Four Critical Factors for Graphitization:
1. Chemistry
2. Stress
3. Temperature
4. Time of exposure
(4.2.1)

29. List four Critical Factors for Softening (Spheroidization)

1. Metal chemistry
2. Microstructure
3. Exposure time
4. Temperature
(4.2.2.1)
30. What are the two Critical Factors for Oxidation?
1. Metal temperature
2. Alloy composition
(4.4.1)
31. What are the 3 Critical Factors for Sulfidation?
1. Alloy composition
2. Temperature, and
3. Concentration of corrosive sulfur compounds
(4.4.2)
32. What three conditions must be satisfied for Carburization?
1. Exposure to a carburizing environment or carbonaceous material.
2. Temperature high enough to allow diffusion of carbon into the metal [typically above
1100F (593C)].
3. Susceptible material.
(4.4.3)
33. What are the three Critical Factors for Decarburization?
1. Time
2. Temperature, and
3. Carbon activity of the process stream
(4.4.4)
34. What are the three Critical Factors for Metal Dusting?
1. Process stream composition
2. Operating temperature, and
3. Alloy composition
(4.4.5)

35. What are the 3 Critical Factors for Fuel Ash Corrosion?
1. Concentration of molten salt forming contaminants
2. Metal temperature
3. Alloy composition
(4.4.6)
36. What are the Critical Factors for Nitriding?
1. Temperature
2. Time
3. Partial pressure of nitrogen, and
4. Metal composition
(4.4.7)
37. What are the 4 Critical factors for High Temp H2/H2S corrosion?
1. Temperature
2. The presence of hydrogen
3. The concentration of H2S
4. The alloy composition
(5.1.1.5)
38. List four Critical Factors for Temper Embrittlement
1. Alloy steel composition,
2. Thermal history,
3. Metal temperature and
4. Exposure time
(4.2.3)
39. Two Critical Factors for Strain Aging:
1. Steel composition
2. Manufacturing process
(4.2.4)
40. What are the three Critical Factors for 885 Embrittlement?
1. Alloy composition, (particularly chromium content),
2. Amount of ferrite phase, and
3. Operating temperature.
(4.2.5)

41. What are the three Critical Factors for Sigma Phase Embrittlement?
1. Alloy composition
2. Time
3. Temperature
(4.2.6)
42. What are the three Critical Factors for Brittle Fracture?
1. The Material fracture toughness
2. The size, shape and stress concentration effect of a flaw
3. The amount of residual and applied stresses on the flaw
(4.2.7)

43. What are the three things the rate of creep deformation is dependent on?
1. Material
2. Load
3. Temperature
(4.2.8)

44. What are the 3 Critical Factors of Short Term Overheating?

1. Temperature
2. Time
3. Stress
(4.2.10)

45. What are the 3 critical factors for Titanium Hydriding?

1. Temperature
2. Solution chemistry
3. Alloy composition
(5.1.3.2)

46. What are the two Critical Factors for Steam Blanketing?
1. Heat flux and
2. Fluid flow
(4.2.11)

47. What are the 6 important factors for DMW Cracking?

1. Type of filler metal
2. Heating and cooling rate
3. Metal temperature
4. Time at temperature
5. Weld geometry
6. Thermal cycling
(4.2.12)

48. For Thermal Shock, what 2 things determine the magnitude of the stress (these are the
Critical Factors)?
1. The magnitude of the temperature differential
2. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the material
(4.2.13)

49. What are the 3 Critical Factors for Refractory Degradation?

1. Selection
2. Design
3. Installation
(4.2.18)

50. What are the 7 important factors for Reheat Cracking?

1. Type of material (chemical composition, impurity elements)
2. Grain size,
3. Residual stresses from fabrication (cold working, welding)
4. Section thickness (which controls restraint and stress state)
5. Notches and stress concentrators
6. Weld metal and base metal strength
7. Welding and heat treating conditions
(4.2.19)
51. What are 7 factors affecting the likelihood of Gaseous Oxygen Combustion?
1. System pressure
2. Oxygen content of the stream
3. Line velocity
4. Component thickness
5. Design and piping configuration
6. Cleanliness
7. Temperature
(4.2.20)

52. What three conditions must be met for Galvanic Corrosion?

1. Presence of an electrolyte, a fluid that can conduct a current. Moisture or separate
water phase is usually required for the solution to have enough conductivity.
2. Two different materials or alloys known as the anode and the cathode, in contact with
an electrolyte.
3. An electrical connection must exist between the anode and the cathode.
(4.3.1)

53. What are the 6 Critical Factors for Atmospheric Corrosion?

1. Physical location (industrial, marine, rural)
2. Moisture (humidity)
3. Temperature
4. Presence of salts
5. Sulfur compounds
6. Dirt
(4.3.2)

54. What is the most severe temperature for CUI?

212F (100C) and 350F (121C)
(4.3.3)

55. Cooling Water Corrosion Description

General or localized corrosion of carbon steels and other metals caused by dissolved
salts, gases, organic compounds or microbiological activity.
(4.3.4)

56. What are the 4 Critical Factors for Boiler Water Condensate Corrosion?
1. Concentration of dissolved gas (oxygen and or carbon dioxide)
2. pH
3. Temperature
4. Quality of the feed water
5. The specific feed water treating system
(4.3.5)

57. What are the three Critical Factors for CO2 Corrosion?
1. Partial pressure of CO2
2. pH
3. Temperature
(4.3.6)

58. What are the two Critical Factors for Flue Gas Dew Point Corrosion?
1. Concentration of contaminants (sulfur and chlorides) in the fuel
2. The operating temperature
(4.3.7)

59. What is MIC?

A form of corrosion caused by living organisms such as bacteria, algae or fungi.
(4.3.8)

60. What are the Critical Factors for Dealloying?

1. Composition of the alloy
2. Exposure conditions including temperature, degree of aeration, pH and exposure time
(4.3.11)