Nemetschek Campus

Allplan 2005

Step by Step
Advanced 3D

This documentation has been produced with the utmost care.

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Nemetschek Technology GmbH, Munich, 2005. All rights reserved.

1st edition, May 2005.

Document no. 050eng01s10-1-BSHG0305

Advanced 3D

Contents

Contents
Before You Start........................................................................ 1
Requirements..........................................................................................................2
Feedback ..................................................................................................................2
Sources of Information .......................................................................................3
Documentation for Allplan 2005..............................................................................3
Additional Help ...............................................................................................................4

Training, Coaching and Project Support........................................................5

Basic Settings for the Exercises ........................................................................6

Unit 1: Volume from 2D Lines .................................................. 7

Exercise 1: Arc as Volume Solid ........................................................................8
Exercise 2: Building Outline, Gravel Stop................................................... 15

Unit 2: Hatching and Text in 3D ............................................23

Exercise 3: Patterns and Hatching in 3D .................................................... 24
Exercise 4: Text as Three-Dimensional Element........................................ 33
Exercise 1: Create three-dimensional text......................................................... 34
Exercise 2: Text on straight wall............................................................................ 37
Exercise 3: Text on curved wall .............................................................................. 39

Unit 3: Sloping Walls Walls with Slants...........................45

Exercise 5: Modeling Walls.............................................................................. 46
Exercise 1: Sloping straight wall............................................................................ 47
Exercise 2: Splaying of wall ..................................................................................... 54

Exercise 6: Sloping Glass Faade ................................................................... 57

Exercise 1: Create sloping glass faade............................................................... 58
Exercise 2: Sloping glass faade in animation.................................................. 64

II

Contents

Allplan 2005

Unit 4: Unusual Window Shapes ........................................... 69

Exercise 7: Custom Outline for Opening..................................................... 70

Unit 5: Roof Planes From Spline to Dormer .................... 79

Exercise 8: Dormers incl. Area Calculation................................................. 80

Unit 6: Stairs Walls Ramps................................................ 95

Exercise 9: The stepped wall following the course of the steps...... 96
Exercise 10: The Ramp and the Trick with the Stairs............................107

Unit 7: Experimenting with CAD..........................................117

Exercise 11: From Freehand Lines to Animation ....................................118
Digital sketches or scanned sketches .................................................................118
Quick edit.....................................................................................................................120
Custom curves with the Spline tool ...................................................................122
From lines to components .....................................................................................123
Animation ....................................................................................................................125

Exercise 12: Intuitive Modeling Three-Dimensional Sketches........126

Exercise: Redesigning a schoolyard ....................................................................128

Appendix 1: 3D Modeling ......................................................141

Exercise 13: Modeling A Wall Lamp...........................................................142
Basic 3D elements .....................................................................................................143
Editing 3D elements .................................................................................................145
Solids based on 3D lines and 3D surfaces ........................................................148
Modifications..............................................................................................................150
Useful aids....................................................................................................................151

Advanced 3D

Contents

III

Appendix 2: Stairs and Ramps............................................. 153

Exercise 14: Stairs ............................................................................................155
Exercise 1: Straight-Flight Stair...........................................................................156
Exercise 2: Spiral Stair along a Curved Wall ...................................................161
Exercise 3: Free-Form Stairs ..................................................................................173

Exercise 15: Ramps ..........................................................................................177

Exercise: Ramp based on U-Type Stair ..............................................................177

Index ........................................................................................... 181

IV

Contents

Allplan 2005

Advanced 3D

Before You Start

Before You Start

The methodic combination of individual modules makes
it possible to resolve complex tasks tasks that could
not be accomplished using a single module alone.
Simple lines, 3D elements, architectural planes each of
these entities has its own specific capabilities. The aim is
to harness the capabilities of each entity in order to
achieve the best possible results by intelligently
employing the program module best suited to the task at
hand. The
3D Modeling module plays a central role in
this respect.
The simple, short exercises in this guide will demonstrate
how the modules interact.
The appendix deals with two important topics in detail:
modeling as well as stairs and ramps.

Requirements

Allplan 2005

Requirements
This step-by-step guide assumes that you are familiar with and have
a working knowledge of Windows and Allplan 2005. It also assumes
that you are at ease with the drafting and architectural modules. The
essentials are described in the manual and in the online Help that
come with Allplan 2005.
For this reason, not every step of the exercises that follow is
described in detail.

Feedback
We are always trying to improve the overall quality of our program
documentation. Your comments and suggestions are important to us
and we welcome feedback on the manuals and on-line help.
Please do not hesitate to contact us to express criticism or praise
concerning the documentation. Feel free to contact us as follows:

Documentation
Nemetschek Technology GmbH
Konrad-Zuse-Platz 1
81829 Munich
Germany
Phone: (0 18 01) 75 00 00
Fax:
(0 18 01) 75 00 01
Email: [email protected]

Advanced 3D

Before You Start

Sources of Information
Documentation for Allplan 2005
The Allplan 2005 documentation consists of the following:
The online Help is the main source of information for learning
about and working with Allplan 2005.
While you work with Allplan 2005, you can get help on the
current function by pressing the F1 key, or activate
Whats This on the Standard toolbar and point to the icon on
which you require help.
The manual consists of three sections. The first section shows you
how to install Allplan 2005. The second section provides an
overview of basic concepts and terms as well as methods for
entering data in Allplan 2005. The third section contains a
tutorial which guides you step by step through the process of
designing a building - from the first line to walls, windows and
roof, and finishing with quantity takeoff operations, photorealistic images and animated sequences of the finished building.
The brochure New Features in Allplan 2005 provides
information on what's new in the latest version.
Each volume in the Step-by-Step series deals with a specific
concept or series of tools/modules in Allplan 2005 in detail. The
areas covered include data management, system administration,
geodesy modules, presentation tools, 3D modeling etc. These
guides can also be obtained from the Nemetschek training
department:
Nemetschek Deutschland GmbH
Campus Center Munich
Konrad-Zuse-Platz 1
81829 Munich
Germany
Phone:
Fax:

(0 18 01) 75 00 00
(0 18 01) 75 00 01

Sources of Information

Allplan 2005

Additional Help
Tips for efficient usage
The Help menu contains the Tips for efficient usage item. This topic
provides an overview of important tips and tricks.

User board
User board provided in our ServicePlus Portal: thousands of users
exchange their knowledge. Register now:
http://serviceplus.nemetschek.de

LineLetter
The LineLetter is a publication that appears several times a year. It is
sent in digital form free of charge to ServicePlus customers. The
LineLetter includes practical tips and tricks on all program areas.

FAQs on the Internet

Up-to-date FAQs are available on the Internet at the following
address:
http://www.nemetschek.de/faq
Note: You can also get this address right from the program. On the
Help menu, point to Nemetschek in the Internet and click FAQs.

Feedback on the Help

If you have suggestions or questions on the online Help, or if you
come across an error, send an e-mail to:
[email protected]
Note: You can also get this address right from the online Help. To do
this, go to the Allplan menu and click Help Feedback.

Advanced 3D

Before You Start

Training, Coaching and Project Support

The type of training you are given is a decisive factor in the amount
of time you actually spend working on your own projects: A
professional introduction to the programs and advanced seminars for
advanced users can save you up to 35% of your editing time!
A tailor-made training strategy is essential. Nemetscheks seminar
centers offer an extensive range of programs and are happy to work
out a custom solution with you that will address your own needs and
requirements:
Our sophisticated, comprehensive seminar program is the
quickest way for professional users to learn how to use the new
system.
Special seminars are designed for users who wish to extend and
optimize their knowledge.
One-on-one seminars are best when it comes to addressing your
own particular methods of working.
One-day crash courses, designed for office heads, convey the
essentials in a compact format.
We are also happy to hold seminars on your premises: These
encompass not only Allplan 2005 issues but include analysis and
optimization of processes and project organization.
The up-to-date seminar guide is available on the Internet:
www.nemetschek.de/campus
For more detailed information on the current training program,
please contact the Nemetschek Campus in Munich:
Phone: (0 18 01) 75 00 00
Fax:
(0 18 01) 75 00 01

Basic Settings for the Exercises

Allplan 2005

Basic Settings for the Exercises

All the exercises use the following basic settings.
Tip: As the exercises in this
guide make constant
reference to the flyouts, we
advise bookmarking or
making a copy of the page.

To define basic settings

1 On the View menu under Toolbars and Dynamic Toolbar activate
the option Float Dynamic Toolbar so that the Dynamic toolbar is
floating and clearly visible.
2 On the View menu, point to Default Configurations and activate
the Architecture Configuration.
The Architecture toolbar appears below the Basic Tools toolbar at
the left edge of the screen:

Basic Tool toolbar

Architecture toolbar

Draft flyout

Plan flyout
Edit flyout
CAD Navigator
Create flyout
Create II flyout
Modify flyout

Module-specific
tools
(here: Animation
module)

Dim. Lines flyout

Basic tools
(always visible)

Text flyout
Roofs and Planes flyout
Architect. Components flyout
Architect. Openings flyout
Rooms flyout
Stairs flyout
Rafter Design flyout
3D Modification flyout

3 Set the unit of length in the status bar to m.

4 Set the reference scale in the status bar to 1:100.

Advanced 3D

Unit 1: Volume from 2D Lines

Unit 1: Volume from 2D

Lines
Initial design ideas, recorded on sketching paper, can be
displayed as simple outlines, as 2D lines, on the
computer. The aim is to then develop a threedimensional model based on this digital sketch in as
fast and uncomplicated a manner as possible.
The initial design concept can best be examined using
3D elements and in animation.
From 2D to 3D: This unit includes two exercises on this
topic.

Exercise 1: Arc as Volume Solid

Allplan 2005

Exercise 1: Arc as Volume Solid

In the first exercise we will design the basic shapes for bent girders,
curved facades and other non-linear design elements in a 3D
model.

Greenhouses in the Botanical

Gardens, Graz
Architect
Volker Gienke

Advanced 3D

Unit 1: Volume from 2D Lines

In this exercise you will design a parabola with the cross-section of

an ellipse. This object might be a construction element for a bridge or
a glass-fronted hall.
A 2D sketch will serve as the basis. You can either scan in a sketch
and then trace the outline on the computer or you can draw the
curves from scratch.
The
Advanced Draft module provides interesting alternatives for
designing and modifying special shapes like polygons and splines.
One of these is the representation of mathematical functions.

To draw a two-dimensional parabola

1 Switch to the
2 Click

Advanced Draft module.

Function() (Create flyout).

3 Define a parabola in the dialog box. The parabola should be open

at the bottom and slightly wider than the normal parabola.

Tip: A list of supported

mathematical functions is
provided in the online Help.
Just press the F1 key while
Function() is active.

The following is a function that would meet the criteria

mentioned above:
f(x) = -1/3 x
Bear in mind: the function of the normal parabola is f(x) = x.

10

Exercise 1: Arc as Volume Solid

Allplan 2005

Start by defining the curve you want to display in mathematical

terms by entering its function in the Context toolbar.
S ZonX and E ZonX define the values up to which the curve is
displayed along the x-axis. In this example it is -6 to 6 which
signifies a vertex of 12 meters.
Another option is setting the increment in Inc dX. This controls
the segmentation of the curve.
4 Once you have entered all the data, set a point for the start of the
curve. The system calculates the parabola.

Advanced 3D

Unit 1: Volume from 2D Lines

11

The next step is to define the cross-section of the arc. We will create
an ellipse here.

To draw an arc cross-section in two dimensions

1 Click

Ellipse (Draft flyout)

2 Enter the following values in the dialog line:

Center:
click a point
st
Place vertex / Enter 1 radius:
0.4
nd
Place vertex / Enter 2 radius:
0.2
Place a point / Enter an angle to define the inclination 0.000
Place start point / Enter start angle: 0.000
Place end point / Enter delta angle:
360.000

Construction lines and temporary points will facilitate the

procedure of editing 3D elements later. For example, by
converting a circle to a 3D element, it is not necessary to select a
center. Adding auxiliary elements at this stage will make
reference points available in the three-dimensional system thus
facilitating the procedure of identifying the center of a curve, for
example, later.
We will therefore now add the ellipses center point. Switch to the
Draft module and use the
Point Symbol tool (Create
menu). Select the first symbol (1 Cross, point) and place it in
Construction Line mode (Format toolbar).
3

Move (Edit flyout) the ellipse and its auxiliary point to one
end of the parabola.

12

Exercise 1: Arc as Volume Solid

Allplan 2005

Tip:
Undo and
Redo
(Standard toolbar) let you
work quickly and easily. Doing
so means that you wont have
to start again from scratch in
the event that you need to
discard your design. Another
advantage is that the design
process can be reconstructed
for similar elements.

The 2D base data has now been entered. You can now convert the 2D
lines to 3D elements.

To convert 2D entities to 3D
1 Switch to the
2 Click

3D Modeling module.

2D Entities to 3D (Create II flyout).

3 Confirm the following prompts: Do you want to convert

elements from the current file? and Save all entities as a single
3D entity? and activate the entire parabolic line (without the
ellipse).
4 On the Context toolbar, specify the number of segments for the
ellipse as a 3D element.

Even round 3D elements consist of straight lines. The more the

number of lines, the smoother the curve.
5 Activate the entire ellipse.

Advanced 3D

Unit 1: Volume from 2D Lines

13

There are now two 3D elements: ellipse and parabolic line. We will
now create a solid arc based on these two elements.

To model an arc based on 3D elements

1 On the Window menu, click
2 Click

3 Viewports.

Rotate 3D Elements (Modify flyout).

3 Select the parabola and define the axis of rotation by entering

two points as shown below. The angle of rotation should be 90.
The parabola is set upright by rotating it about the x-axis.

Axis of rot.

In
Plan View the rotated curve should only be visible as a
straight line. The arrangement of the elements should be visible in
isometric view.
4 Use
Polyline Sweep Solid (Create flyout) to create a solid
based on the two 3D lines. This polyline sweep solid is based on:
Path (the parabola in this example), and profile (the ellipse in this
example).
Click path for sweep solid:
Click parabola
Click profile for sweep solid: Click ellipse
Correct torsion for sweep solid: No
The 3D arc is now finished.

14

Exercise 1: Arc as Volume Solid

The solid will appear even more realistic as a

Image or in Animation mode.

Allplan 2005

Hidden Line

For a quick animated view (

Animation module) just press the F4
key or click in the workspace with the right mouse button and
choose
menu.

Animation Window Entire Model on the shortcut

You can play around with the tools in the

Advanced Draft
module. For example, a water slide, designed from a sine curve and
semi-circle, converted to 3D elements as the basis for the polyline
sweep solid.

Advanced 3D

Unit 1: Volume from 2D Lines

15

Exercise 2: Building Outline, Gravel Stop

The detailed finish of an attic should fulfil technical, physical and
esthetic requirements. You can easily check to see whether the gravel
stop also has a positive effect on the building as a whole. The
following exercise shows you how to design an attic detail and
integrate it into the building.

16

Exercise 2: Building Outline, Gravel Stop

Allplan 2005

To draw the outline of an attic in two dimensions

First draw the outline of an attic as a two-dimensional
Polyline (Draft flyout).

ca. 1,0 m

Now convert the 2D lines to a 3D element.

To convert attic outline to 3D element

1 On the Window menu, click
2 Switch to the

3 Viewports.

3D Modeling module.

3 Click
2D Entities to 3D (Create II flyout). Here, too, the
elements you are converting are in the active drawing file.
4 Convert the polyline to a 3D element by enclosing it in a
selection rectangle.
The result is an element that you can further edit with the tools in
the
3D Modeling module.

Advanced 3D

Unit 1: Volume from 2D Lines

17

Before modeling the edge of the roof, it is a good idea to draw a cube
on a separate drawing file that can serve as a simplified version of
the building structure. This will make the following actions clearer.

To draw a cube
1 To draw the
Box (Create flyout), activate a new drawing file,
select a different pen color and use the dimensions given below.
2 Set the drawing file with the box (cube) to reference mode and
activate the drawing file with the gravel stop.

18

Exercise 2: Building Outline, Gravel Stop

Allplan 2005

In order to design a solid using the section outline of the gravel stop,
you need an additional 3D figure: the path. You should understand
the interplay between the profile and the path from the first example.
In this example we will create 3D figures based on open profiles.
We will begin by creating the path.

To create a polyline sweep solid

1 In isometric view draw a 3D line point by point using the
3D Line (Create flyout) tool along the top edge of the cube.
The use of different pen colors makes things more apparent on
screen. The color of the polyline will also be the color of the
polyline sweep solid, which means you can draw the path in the
selection color if you want.
1/5
Fahrweg

Tip: The easiest way to switch

between different views is by
using multiple viewports.

The outline of the attic now needs to be brought into the correct
position. Do this in
Plan View.
2

Move (Edit flyout) the outline, as shown in the sketch, to a

point on the path, but not in the corner. Then move the element
by 3m in the Z-direction, in order to place it at the top edge of
the building.

Advanced 3D

Unit 1: Volume from 2D Lines

19

You can see the position of the elements in plan at the top; next
to it, you can see the displacement in the Z-direction in isometric
view.
3 The outline is still flat on the XY plane. Rotate the element using
Rotate 3D Elements (Modify flyout) by 90 about the X-axis
and note the sequence in which you enter the points while
defining the axis.

20

Exercise 2: Building Outline, Gravel Stop

Allplan 2005

4 When the profile is placed correctly in space, you can create the
Polyline Sweep Solid (Create flyout):
To select the path, it is best if you use the
identify the four 3D lines.
Then identify the attic outline.

Bracket tool to

The torsion does not need to be corrected. This option only

applies in the case of a non-planar path when no torsion of the
profile is desired.
The outline of the profile circumscribes the entire building
structure and thus the edge of the roof as a 3D element.
5 You can view the result as a
the viewport).

Hidden Line Image (border of

Advanced 3D

Unit 1: Volume from 2D Lines

21

The path does not necessarily have to be a closed polyline. You can
also use this tool to check roofs with a single edge only like hip
roofs.
Even more complex shapes based on non-planar paths are
conceivable. Consider roofs that finish at different heights, for
example.
You can make it look even more realistic using the tools in the
Animation module (F4 key).

22

Allplan 2005

Advanced 3D

Unit 2: Hatching and Text in 3D

23

Unit 2: Hatching and Text

in 3D
Hatching, pattern and text are examples of design
entities. They are typically used in 2D work. They convey
additional information and enhance the graphic quality
of a plan whats more, theyre easy to use.
So why not use them for 3D work, too? Vanishing line
structures or three-dimensional labels are easy to create,
as this unit shows.

24

Exercise 3: Patterns and Hatching in 3D

Allplan 2005

Exercise 3: Patterns and Hatching in 3D

Vertical or horizontal cladding on a faade, perforated sheet or
expanded metal for stair railing structures play an important role
when it comes to formulating design ideas. The less complicated they
are, the better. Instead of designing straight in three dimensions, it is
easier to use predefined patterns in 2D. The reason for this is that an
area where hatching has been applied can easily be made into
elements that can be displayed as genuine 3D elements and also
modified as such.
The following exercise shows you how to convert pattern lines to 3D
lines for a faade structure.

Hotel in Bouliac near Bordeaux

Architect
Jean Nouvel

Advanced 3D

Unit 2: Hatching and Text in 3D

25

A building structure is required as a model in the computer for the

steps that follow.

To draw the building structure

Use the following tools in the
Walls, Openings, Components
module to draw a straight wall with different types of opening,
including a round window:

Wall (Architectural Components flyout)

Window (Architectural Openings flyout)

Door (Architectural Openings flyout)

ca. 9.0 m

26

Exercise 3: Patterns and Hatching in 3D

Allplan 2005

To create the 2D basis

1 View the wall, as shown, in

Front Elev.

2 Now use
Hidden Line Image, Wireframe (Tools menu) and
choose Hidden Line Image to File to generate a hidden line
image of the wall in this view.

The faade is now available as a 2D image. You can apply

hatching or patterns to it as usual.
3 Switch to the drawing file with the hidden line image and set the
view to
Plan View.

Please observe the following regarding the editing of the round

opening in the wall:
The reveal of the round window in the 3D wall consists of a number
of straight surfaces. By converting it to 2D lines, these areas are also
represented as lines. The round window looks like a circle. In fact,
though, it is a series of single lines, a polygon.

Advanced 3D

Unit 2: Hatching and Text in 3D

27

Combine these individual lines to a single element; this will speed up

the process of selecting the areas for hatching considerably.

To edit the round wall opening

1 Switch to the
2 Click

Advanced Draft module.

Composite Element (Create flyout).

3 Click one of the lines in the circle to identify a reference

element. To join the elements in the window, enclose them all in
a selection rectangle.
Depending on the settings made in the
Options for the
Advanced Draft module, a dash-dot line may be displayed.
If this is the case, change the linetype for the circle using
Modify Format Properties.

In this exercise you should use a pattern it is more interesting and

offers a wider variety of options than hatching.

To create pattern
1 Click

Pattern (Draft flyout).

2 Select a pattern and, if necessary, modify it.

Try out different patterns and see what happens when you modify
it as you will see, by defining the pattern height and width, it is
possible to match the openings in the faade very accurately.

28

Exercise 3: Patterns and Hatching in 3D

Allplan 2005

For this, however, you have to define the reference point (the
point where the pattern placement begins) yourself. In this
example it is to begin in the bottom left corner of the faade. In
the Reference point area, click Custom point and click the
desired point.
Make sure that the scale is set to Scale-based adjustment in
plan. This will ensure that the pattern display remains constant.

3 Activate

Outline Auto-Detect (dialog line).

4 On the Dynamic toolbar, choose Multi and click in the wall (1).

Advanced 3D

Unit 2: Hatching and Text in 3D

29

5 On the Dynamic toolbar, choose Minus, if necessary,

activate
Outline Auto-Detect (dialog line) again and
click in the round window (2). Press ESC to finish entry.

To convert pattern to 3D element

1 Click
Hidden Line Image, Wireframe (Tools menu), choose
Wireframe to File and then the destination drawing file.
The faade is now available as a wireframe model in a new
drawing file.

Tip: Depending on the design,

the boundary lines are
deleted or, as in this exercise,
explicitly retained.

2 If necessary, deactivate the

Hidden Line Image tool in the
border of the viewport. This step is necessary as patterns and
hatching are defined by their boundary lines and are thus not
individual lines. These are calculated as a result of the following
step.
3 Make the drawing file with the wireframe model current and close
all the others.

30

Exercise 3: Patterns and Hatching in 3D

Allplan 2005

4 Prior to converting, use

Copy/Move Elements between Files
(on the File menu) to copy the 2D data so that you can fall back
on it if need be.
5 Switch to
3 Viewports in order to see the result of the
following conversion.

6 Switch to the
7 Click

3D Modeling module.

2D Entities to 3D (Create II flyout).

8 The elements to be converted are in the current drawing file. Click

the corresponding option and press OK to confirm. Careful with
the next prompt: The individual elements are not to be combined
to a single 3D entity as individual lines are easier to edit later.
9 Select the elements using a selection rectangle.
10 Switch to
Plan View and click
Rotate 3D Elements (Modify flyout).

Advanced 3D

Unit 2: Hatching and Text in 3D

31

11 Activate the entire faade, define the axis of rotation as shown

here, and enter a rotation angle of 90.

We will now use the wall we designed at the beginning of this unit.
The 3D pattern will be placed on this wall.
However, dont place the line structures directly on the wall; instead,
keep a small distance of 2 to 3 cm in order to facilitate subsequent
edits. This will also make the graphic representation in isometric
view more appealing.

32

Exercise 3: Patterns and Hatching in 3D

Allplan 2005

A short note to finish:

The conversion of the pattern to a wireframe model may lead to large
volumes of data. This tool should therefore be used with care.

Advanced 3D

Unit 2: Hatching and Text in 3D

33

Exercise 4: Text as Three-Dimensional

Element
Logos on buildings can be essential for advertising purposes for the
building client. They can serve as a point of reference in the
cityscape and show the way to visitors. In terms of design, these
kinds of elements are especially dominant at night, illuminating
facades or used as free-standing elements.
In order to check the effect of such an element early on, you can edit
text in three dimensions on the building model and display it in
animation mode. The following example shows how to create flat
text and sculptured text.

Cinemaxx in Hanover
Architect: Helmut Sprenger

34

Exercise 4: Text as Three-Dimensional Element

Allplan 2005

Exercise 1: Create three-dimensional text

You can choose from 20 ready-made CAD fonts. In addition, you can
use all the TrueType fonts installed on your computer.
Now create text with the default font called Times New Roman.

To create text as wireframe model

1 Use
Horizontal Text (Text flyout) to activate the Times New
Roman font and set the text parameters as required. Place the
word Hotel where you want.

2 Convert the filled text to lines by using

Hidden Line Image,
Wireframe to make a wireframe model on a new drawing file.
3 Activate the new drawing file and close all the others.

Advanced 3D

Unit 2: Hatching and Text in 3D

35

To give the font a depth, draw freeform walls on the text (the text
now consists of individual lines).

To display letters in 3D as walls

1 Open the
2 Click

Walls, Openings, Components module.

Freeform Wall (Create flyout).

3 Set the height of the wall so that its bottom level is flush with the
lower default reference plane and set the height of the wall to
10 cm also based on the lower reference plane.

4 Determine the wall points using the polyline entry tools and
Outline Auto-Detect (dialog line).
This tool can be used as the letters from the TrueType font you
converted to lines are hollow which means that connecting
polylines exist.
5 Choose Single on the Dynamic toolbar, zoom in on the first letter
and click within its outline (the outline has to be closed).
The large H is now a freeform wall.

36

Exercise 4: Text as Three-Dimensional Element

Allplan 2005

6 Do the same with the other letters. Note the following with closed
shapes like o and e:
First click Multi on the Dynamic toolbar and design the first
wall within the outer polyline (1): the freeform wall will fill
out the entire outline.
Then, on the Dynamic toolbar, choose Minus. Check whether
Outline Auto-Detect (dialog line) is still active and then
click in the inner polyline (2): the wall within the inner
polyline will be deleted (3).
The following illustrates the steps from left to right.
Activate
3 Viewports (Window menu) to see the result in
perspective view.

Advanced 3D

Unit 2: Hatching and Text in 3D

37

Exercise 2: Text on straight wall

The text is three-dimensional and still attached to the reference
planes. This means that it cannot be freely rotated. To detach it,
convert it to a 3D entity.
Before you start, use
Copy/Move Elements between Files (File
menu) to copy the text as you will need it again in its present form
in exercise 3.

To convert walls to 3D elements

1 Switch to the

3D Modeling module.

2 Click
Convert Elements (Create II flyout) and then Arch.
Elements to 3D.
3 Choose Convert elements from active drawing file and click OK
to confirm.
4

Enclose the letters in a selection window. As the text is now a

3D entity you can now edit it using the tools in the
3D Modeling module.

5 Rotate the text using

Rotate 3D Elements (Modify flyout) by
90 about the x-axis. Upright text is created that could now be
applied to a facade.
The 2D text is not rotated and remains visible in plan view. You
can delete it.

38

Exercise 4: Text as Three-Dimensional Element

Allplan 2005

To check the result in animation, first draw a cube to represent the

building and to which the text can be applied at a small distance.
Then press the F4 key or select
Model on the shortcut menu.

Animation Window Entire

Advanced 3D

Unit 2: Hatching and Text in 3D

39

Exercise 3: Text on curved wall

The text from exercise 1 is required for this exercise.
Before converting the text from an architectural element to 3D
(as in exercise 2), we can make further use of the reference planes in
Allplan. The text can be made to adapt to a cylindrical surface, for
example.
First create a cylinder.

To create a cylinder
1 Switch to the
2 Click

3D Modeling module.

Cylinder (Create flyout).

3 Draw the following cylinder in

Center
Number of corners:
Radius:
Height:
Direction point:

Plan View:

Click a point
80
0.5
1
Click a point in

Front Elev.

4 Rotate the cylinder in elevation by 90 about the x-axis.

1. point of axis of rotation:
Click any point on the cylinder in elevation.
2. point of axis of rotation:
Use
Delta Point (dialog line) to define the axis of rotation by
entering any value for the
X-coordinate.

The cylinder will serve as the basis for new reference planes.

40

Exercise 4: Text as Three-Dimensional Element

Allplan 2005

To convert the cylinder to architectural planes

1 Switch to the
2 Click

Architecture module.

3D to Planes (Create II flyout).

3 Choose Convert elements from active drawing file and click OK

to confirm.
4 Identify the cylinder as the 3D object to be converted.
The system uses the surface of the cylinder, which consists of a
series of planar polygons in 3D, to generate an equivalent number
of planes.
5 So that you can distinguish the cylinder consisting of planes from
the 3D objects, you should change its format properties using
Modify Format Properties. For example, change the linetype
for the cylinder to 9 and the line color to 1 (black).

Advanced 3D

Unit 2: Hatching and Text in 3D

41

All that remains is to move the plane cylinder onto the text.

To create round text

1 Use
Copy/Move Elements between Files (File menu) to copy
the text from exercise 1 onto the drawing file with the plane
cylinder.
2 Move the plane cylinder towards the text.
The process is illustrated below. You can see how the wall
polygons adapt to the new reference planes (from left to right).
Please note that the cylinder and the text must be in the same
drawing file!

3 The height of the text can remain unchanged. The association

with reference planes, however, has to be modified: The text has
to be attached to the upper reference plane. Make these changes
using
Change Archit. Properties (3D Modification flyout).

42

Exercise 4: Text as Three-Dimensional Element

Allplan 2005

4 To modify the relevant parameters, check the Height box, define

the associations as appropriate and activate the entire text.

Advanced 3D

Unit 2: Hatching and Text in 3D

43

The result might look like this:

5 Use
Convert Elements (Create II flyout) to convert these
architectural elements to 3D for further editing in the
3D Modeling module.
The result is a fully plane-independent element.
6 Rotate the text using
90 about the x-axis.

Rotate 3D Elements (Modify flyout) by

44

Exercise 4: Text as Three-Dimensional Element

Allplan 2005

To see how the text looks even more realistically, draw a cylinder
and place it behind the text:

Advanced 3D

Unit 3: Sloping Walls Walls with Slants

45

Unit 3: Sloping Walls

Walls with Slants
Sloping walls with or without openings, walls with nonparallel surfaces or sloping glass facades these types of
walls are usually used for design purposes.
Using the tools in the
3D Modeling module, you can
turn a wall into a very special component.

46

Exercise 5: Modeling Walls

Allplan 2005

Exercise 5: Modeling Walls

To begin with we have the architectural element wall an
intelligent wall that can be assigned a material, quantities and
other properties. The wall is nevertheless merely a cube.
By converting it to a 3D entity, however, it can serve as the basis for
just about any shape.
After it has been converted back to an architectural element, the wall
is once again fully quantifiable even window openings are taken
into account as the next exercise shows.

Technical college in
hringen
Architect: Gnter Behnisch

Advanced 3D

Unit 3: Sloping Walls Walls with Slants

47

Exercise 1: Sloping straight wall

To create a straight wall and convert it to 3D
1 Start by designing a straight
Wall (Architectural Components
flyout) and give it a fill color. You can define the other
parameters as you want.

2 As it is an architectural element, the wall is associated with the

default reference planes. To make the wall slope, switch to the
3D Modeling module and convert the wall to 3D using
Convert Elements (Create II flyout).
The element to be converted is in the current drawing file.
Activate the wall you will immediately notice that, as it is now
a 3D entity, its fill, pattern or hatching has now disappeared.

48

Exercise 5: Modeling Walls

Allplan 2005

To make the 3D element slope

1 Click

Stretch Entities (Edit flyout).

2 View the element in

Right Elev.. We will stretch the top level
in the y-direction. Use a selection rectangle as shown.
dy

To tilt the wall at a specific angle, use

Rotate 3D Elements
(Modify flyout). The wall thickness will remain unchanged. Please
note that the top and bottom levels should be modified so that
they are parallel to the ground.
Tip: Alternatively, tilt the wall
and then modify it.

To restore the original thickness of the wall in this example,

modify one of its sides in the y-direction only.

Advanced 3D

Unit 3: Sloping Walls Walls with Slants

49

The next step is to convert the 3D element to architectural planes

(custom pairs of reference planes).
The custom reference planes, like other elements, are created
using the line attributes currently selected on the Format toolbar;
custom reference planes do not appear in printouts.
So that you can distinguish the custom reference planes from the 3D
objects, it is advisable to use different format properties. To change
these properties, you can use
conversion.

Modify Format Properties after the

To convert the 3D element to architectural planes

1 Switch to the
2 Click

Architecture module.

3D to Planes (Create II flyout).

4 After activating the element, it is resolved into planes.

5 Click
Modify Format Properties and change the format
properties of the planes.
For example, set the linetype to 9
and the line color to 1 (black).

50

Exercise 5: Modeling Walls

Allplan 2005

Look at it in elevation or isometric view to see how the system

arranged the planes:

Pair of planes 3

Pair of planes 2

Pair of planes 1

In this example three pairs of planes were created.

You should be aware of the following when modeling 3D entities to
be converted to architectural planes:
A maximum of two corresponding planes may be created. In
other words: A vertical line must not intersect the object more
than twice.
The sketch shows a figure in elevation that would require more than
two planes and would thus be invalid. Editing options are provided
for these cases, too. In this case, one would cut through the solid in
the xy plane in order to create two elements with potential planes
arranged in pairs.

4 congruent points
4 planes -> invalid

Sliced object
2x2 planes -> valid

Advanced 3D

Unit 3: Sloping Walls Walls with Slants

51

To create a freeform wall in the architectural planes

1 Open the

Walls, Openings, Components module.

2 Make appropriate settings on the Format toolbar and draw a

Freeform Wall (Create flyout) in the new planes.
The parameters you set for the last wall are still valid and can be
retained with one exception: The height association needs to be
set so that there is no offset to the upper and lower reference
plane.

3 Enter the wall in

Plan View point by point.

4 You can see the finished wall in isometric view (shown here as a
hidden line image and wireframe model).

52

Exercise 5: Modeling Walls

Allplan 2005

Walls created in this manner can also have openings. But there are a
few special points to bear in mind.

To create wall openings

1 Click

Window Opening (Architectural Openings flyout).

2 Set the reference point as desired and switch to the windows

property sheet. First we will insert a simple rectangular window.
Define the height association:

The opening is locked to the top and bottom level using absolute
elevation values. As three pairs of reference planes are affected in
the wall, associating it with them would hardly be very useful.
Enter the other settings for the window as usual.

Advanced 3D

Unit 3: Sloping Walls Walls with Slants

53

3 Experiment with other window shapes. In this example a round

window was also added.

As you can see in the wireframe model, the system implemented

the openings across the full width of the wall.
4 We mentioned intelligent components at the beginning of this
unit. See for yourself whether sloping walls are taken into
account in quantity takeoff operations (
Lists/Schedules tool).

The schedule should clearly include information pertinent to the

windows.

54

Exercise 5: Modeling Walls

Allplan 2005

Exercise 2: Splaying of wall

Creating slopes without tilting the wall as a whole this is yet
another manner of standing out from the ordinary. Only the vertical
surfaces are tilted.

To splay a wall
1 Draw a
Wall (Architectural Components flyout) and use
Convert Elements (
3D Modeling module) to convert it to
3D.

Advanced 3D

Unit 3: Sloping Walls Walls with Slants

55

2 Display it in
Front Elev. and use
Stretch Entities (Edit
flyout) to stretch one of its sides along the x-axis.

3 When the 3D object has the required shape, switch to the

Architecture module and use
3D to Planes (Create II
flyout) to convert the 3D object to architectural planes.
4 Click
Modify Format Properties and change the format
properties of the planes. For example, set the linetype to 9 and
the line color to 1 (black).
5 Switch to the
Walls, Openings, Components module, change
the format properties (Format toolbar) again and place a
Freeform Wall (Create flyout) in these planes. The walls top
and bottom levels should be locked to the upper and lower planes
respectively. In plan, click the four outer corners of the outline
only.

56

Exercise 5: Modeling Walls

Allplan 2005

Advanced 3D

Unit 3: Sloping Walls Walls with Slants

57

Exercise 6: Sloping Glass Faade

The sloping wall was the subject of the first part of this unit. The
second part focuses on the sloping faade as a transparent
component.
The faade is to have posts and consist of glass and metal. The glass
needs to be transparent: All these requirements and how to handle
them is covered in the pages that follow.

Research Center in
Gelsenkirchen
Architect: Uwe Kiessler

58

Exercise 6: Sloping Glass Faade

Allplan 2005

Exercise 1: Create sloping glass faade

First create a sloping straight wall. Its planes will serve as the basis
for the posts in the facade. You should already be familiar with the
steps that follow. Consequently, they are not explained in detail here:

To create a sloping straight wall as the framework for

the planes
1 Draw a straight
Wall (
Architectural Components flyout)
and use the dimensions given in the sketch. Set the height of the
component to 3.50 m:

2 Switch to the

3D Modeling module.

3 Use
Convert Elements (Create II flyout) to convert the wall to
3D and display it in
Right Elev..
4 Rotate the element using
by -15 about the x-axis.

Center = rotation point

Rotate 3D Elements (Modify flyout)

Advanced 3D

Unit 3: Sloping Walls Walls with Slants

5 Switch to the

59

Architecture module.

6 Convert the 3D object using

architectural planes.

3D to Planes (Create II flyout) to

7 Click
Modify Format Properties and change the format
properties of the planes. For example, set the linetype to 9 and
the line color to 1 (black).

60

Exercise 6: Sloping Glass Faade

Allplan 2005

These planes will serve as the framework for the posts in the faade.

To create posts in the faade

1 Open the

Walls, Openings, Components module.

2 Change the format properties (Format toolbar) again.

3 As the columns are sloping, we wont use the
Column tool.
Instead we can use
Freeform Wall (Create flyout) to create
them.
4 Before you define the position of the columns, set the parameters
of the wall. Assign a high priority rating to the columns. You will
see why this is necessary in the steps that follow.

Attach the top and bottom of the component to the upper and
lower reference plane respectively.

Advanced 3D

Unit 3: Sloping Walls Walls with Slants

61

5 Enter the corners of the columns as shown. The width of the

section should reflect the actual dimensions in plan. You can
therefore enter it as a numerical value. The section depth, on the
other hand, is based on the extents of the planes. Consequently,
the section looks very deep in this view.

6 Use
Copy (Edit flyout) to copy the column twelve times in the
x-direction:

62

Exercise 6: Sloping Glass Faade

Allplan 2005

The vertical wall components have now been created. It now needs to
be filled out.

To create a glass wall

1 Design the glass panes as freeform walls within the existing
sloping planes but with a much lower priority.

Tip: New type of element

new color new pen.

2 Some tips for animation:

Select a new pen color for the next wall (or select a different pen
if color/pen association is active). In Animation mode, colors and
surfaces are assigned based on the color of elements. It is
therefore best to make color distinctions right from the beginning.

Advanced 3D

Unit 3: Sloping Walls Walls with Slants

63

The outer corners of the planes shown as dashed lines form the
boundary of the new wall. Although the columns and glass elements
are congruent, the columns will have priority over the glass wall as
they have a higher priority rating.

64

Exercise 6: Sloping Glass Faade

Allplan 2005

Exercise 2: Sloping glass faade in animation

Before you begin it is a good idea to place a base plate under the
wall. This will make things a lot clearer.

To create a base plate

1 Switch to the

3D Modeling module.

2 Click
Box (Create flyout) and define generous extents for it so
that it is larger than the wall. The top level of the element should
have an elevation of 0.

Advanced 3D

Tip: Your computer needs to

be configured for 32768
colors for Animation mode.

Unit 3: Sloping Walls Walls with Slants

At this stage the glass elements in the new wall are only visible as
lines. In Animation mode, however, you can achieve surprising
effects:

To assign surfaces
1 Press the F4 key to open an animation window.
2 Click with the right mouse button in the background of the
animation window and, on the shortcut menu, choose Surface
Settings.

General surfaces are assigned to individual elements based on

their color. Each element color can be assigned a separate color
for display in Animation mode. Additional properties like
transparency, reflection or textures can also be assigned.

Tip: Experiment!
These are only suggestions
try out the various options
using different parameters
yourself!

65

66

Exercise 6: Sloping Glass Faade

Allplan 2005

3 Define the surface of the glass wall.

Clicking the Modify... button displays an additional dialog box
where you can specify additional properties.
Tip: Clicking an element
(the glass wall, for example)
with the right mouse button
in the animation window and
choosing Surface Settings
on the shortcut menu
immediately opens the
Surface Properties for
Color x dialog box.

The most important parameter for the glass wall is the

transparency. It has been set to 85% in this example. You can see
what effect this will have in the preview.

Advanced 3D

Unit 3: Sloping Walls Walls with Slants

Tip: Also see the training

document "Step By Step Presentation".

4 Press OK to confirm the dialog boxes. The modified surfaces are

immediately displayed in the animation window.

67

68

Exercise 6: Sloping Glass Faade

Allplan 2005

Advanced 3D

Unit 4: Unusual Window Shapes

Unit 4: Unusual Window

Shapes
Placing window openings in common geometric shapes
is a standard procedure of any CAD system. But what
about special designs for window openings?
This unit shows the steps involved from drawing the
2D outline to creating the 3D window, including a
customized smart symbol.

69

70

Exercise 7: Custom Outline for Opening

Allplan 2005

Exercise 7: Custom Outline for Opening

Designing a customized opening is a snap: first draw the outline for
the opening using 2D lines and save it as a symbol. When it comes to
creating the window, you retrieve this symbol and insert it in the
relevant wall opening that can have a smart symbol assigned to it.

Vacation home in Sardinia

Architect: Corrado Levi

Advanced 3D

Unit 4: Unusual Window Shapes

71

To draw the 2D outline of the window and save it as a

symbol
1 Use the
Line and
Spline tools (Draft flyout) to draw a
window outline similar to the one below:

2 Click

Write to Library (Standard toolbar).

3 Select the Symbol library and the Project folder. This saves the
symbol in the current project.
4 Enclose the window outline in a selection rectangle. Click the
bottom left corner to define the symbols base point.
5 Select the Dumb symbol without snoop functionality setting.

6 Enter a name for the file and the symbol.

72

Exercise 7: Custom Outline for Opening

Allplan 2005

7 Press ESC to quit symbol entry.

Draw a straight wall in which to insert the custom window later.

To create a straight wall

Click

Wall (Architectural Components flyout).

There are no particular issues to bear in mind when you set the
height of the top and bottom level:

Advanced 3D

Unit 4: Unusual Window Shapes

Now you can insert the window opening in the wall.

To create the opening

1 Click

Window Opening (Architectural Openings flyout).

2 Define the windows drop-in point. The dimensions of the

window cannot, however, be changed here. Place the window.
3 Click
Properties and, in the View area, choose
Freeform Opening from Symbol Catalog.
4 Click the icon beside Geometry and select the window outline
you just saved.
Click OK to close the Get Symbol dialog box.

73

74

Exercise 7: Custom Outline for Opening

Allplan 2005

The dimensioned outline is displayed in the Preview.

5 Click OK to close the Window dialog box.
Do not insert a smart symbol just yet.
You will design smart window symbols for the customized
window shapes later using the
Smart Window and Door
Symbols tool (Architectural Openings flyout).

Advanced 3D

Unit 4: Unusual Window Shapes

75

The window opening is inserted. You can perform a quantity takeoff

operation with the wall to check. If you made a copy of the wall at
the beginning when it didnt have an opening, you will notice how
the quantity takeoff data has updated accordingly.
Like in the previous unit, use the
an appropriate schedule.

Lists/Schedules tool and choose

Besides the standard smart symbols for common window shapes that
you can insert when placing a window opening, you can also design
your own smart symbols.

To use the smart symbol designer

1 Click
Smart Window and Door Symbols (Architectural
Openings flyout).
2 Click the window opening where the smart symbol is to be
placed.

Tip: Experiment with the

numerous alternatives
provided in the smart symbol
designer.

The system first retrieves its parameters. A dialog box is then

displayed in which you can define the smart symbols parameters
step by step.
3 Click the buttons in the Catalogs area to access a wide range of
alternatives. In this example, the smart symbol is not taken from
the catalog. Instead, it is custom designed.

76

Exercise 7: Custom Outline for Opening

Allplan 2005

The opening is displayed in 3D in the top right section. Click

Match to display the window frame.
4 If you wish to divide the window, you can define the orientation
of the division in the Profile elements area. The current smart
symbol will be divided vertically only. The selection is
immediately displayed in the preview. We will now divide the
panes that were defined by the posts.
5 Click
Match to update the 3D view. Specify the pane you wish
to edit. In this example, additional posts were added in the area
on the right. The dimensions of the frame and posts are defined
individually. Click
Match again.

Advanced 3D

Unit 4: Unusual Window Shapes

Tip: Additional information

on using the smart symbol
designer is provided in the
online Help and in the Allplan
2005 manual.

6 Did you define everything as you wanted?

If so, click OK to close the Smart Window and Door Symbol
dialog box.

77

The smart symbol is created and fitted in the window opening.

7 If necessary, you can now set a new reference point for the smart
symbol by clicking in the window opening (important for smart
symbols with door leafs and sashes).
Press the right mouse button to confirm the position of the smart
symbol.
8 Save the smart symbol:
Specify a folder and name.
To insert this smart symbol in a different opening with the same
shape later, use
Insert Smart Symbol in Opening.

78

Allplan 2005

Advanced 3D

Unit 5: Roof Planes From Spline to Dormer

79

Unit 5: Roof Planes From

Spline to Dormer
In the CAD system, the same applies for dormers as for
window shapes: Tools for creating basic shapes are a
standard feature.
What about dormers with unusual shapes, though? Even
geometric shapes in a 2D design, based on a spline, for
example, can be integrated in the roof using the tools in
the
3D Modeling module.

80

Exercise 8: Dormers incl. Area Calculation

Allplan 2005

Exercise 8: Dormers incl. Area Calculation

In the following exercise we will use the elevation view of the
building to design a dormer shape with 2D lines. We can then
integrate the design as a 3D element into the roofs plane structure
thus ensuring that the cubic volume and area update accordingly.

Advanced 3D

Unit 5: Roof Planes From Spline to Dormer

81

You should copy intermediate results to empty drawing files so that

you can fall back on them if need be.
To design the dormer, we first need to design a roof. This is done
using a roof frame that actually consists of multiple reference planes.

To create a gable/hip roof

1 Use
Roof Frame (Roofs and Planes flyout) to create a simple
gable roof and use the default settings shown.

2 Lock the eaves (1-4). Click the edges where the roof slopes are to
be applied (5+6).
The geometry of the pairs of planes is visible in isometric view:
With the height of the eaves set to 3.50 m this could easily be the
initial shape for a detached house with a completed attic.

82

Exercise 8: Dormers incl. Area Calculation

Allplan 2005

To design a solid based on these planes, we will use a freeform wall

that is attached to and flush with the upper and lower plane. This
way, the wall will fill out the entire volume delimited by the planes.

To create the 3D roof object

1 Open the

Walls, Openings, Components module.

2 Click
Freeform Wall (Create flyout). Associate the top and
bottom of the wall with the upper and lower reference plane so
that they are flush.

3 Activate

Outline Auto-Detect (dialog line).

4 Design one freeform wall per pair of planes by first clicking in the
outline on the left (1) and then in the one on the right (2).

Advanced 3D

Unit 5: Roof Planes From Spline to Dormer

83

5 Click
Convert Elements (Create II flyout) and choose
Arch. Elements to 3D.
6 Activate the freeform walls which form the roof.

The next step is to display the object in elevation. This will serve as
the basis for entering the shape of the dormer in two dimensions.

To draw a dormer in two dimensions

1 Display the 3D element in
Front Elev., click
Hidden Line
Image, Wireframe (Standard toolbar), choose Hidden Line Image
to File and specify the drawing file where the result is to be
saved.
Click OK to close the Save Hidden Line Image to File dialog box.

2 Switch back to
Plan View and activate the drawing file with
the hidden line image only.
Tip: Draw temporary lines as
Construction Lines.

3 Use
Line and
Spline (Draft flyout) to draw the elevation
and front view beside each other as shown.

84

Exercise 8: Dormers incl. Area Calculation

Allplan 2005

We will now design the dormer as a solid based on the two new
components: ridge line and dormer arc consisting of a spline and
straight baseline.

To create the dormer in three dimensions

1 Switch to the

3D Modeling module.

2 Use
2D Entities to 3D (Create II flyout) to convert the lines to
3D elements.
As this requires discrete elements, press No when the system
prompts whether to merge them to a single 3D entity.
3

Move (Edit flyout) the elements into the correct position:

Start by moving the dormer arc in the x-direction towards the
ridge line.

Rotate the arc using

Rotate 3D Elements by 90 about the
y-axis. The elements are thus correctly positioned relative to each
other.

Advanced 3D

Unit 5: Roof Planes From Spline to Dormer

85

4 Rotate both elements ridge line and arc with horizontal line
about the x-axis. This axis is on the baseline in the drawing with
the elevation view. This ensures that the elements will assume the
correct height after they have been set upright in three
dimensions.

Delete (Edit flyout) all the 2D lines in the drawing file so that
you can see better.
The ridge line and arc are retained (shown here in isometric
view):

6 Now make the 3D roof object that you designed at the beginning
visible again. As you can see, the elements are not yet correctly
arranged in plan.
Move the elements in such a manner that
the dormer arc and ridge line lie correctly on the roof pane.

86

Exercise 8: Dormers incl. Area Calculation

Allplan 2005

7 Now view the elements in front elevation. You may need to make
minor corrections in the x or z-direction.
8 Currently, the dormer consists of a 3D ridge line and 3D arc. You
can use
Polyline Sweep Solid (Create flyout) to have the
system generate a 3D object based on these elements.
9 All you need to enter is a path and a profile: The ridge line will
serve as the path while the arc will serve as the profile to be
swept along the path. Enclose the profile in a selection rectangle.
This ensures that both the arc and the horizontal line are selected.

Advanced 3D

Unit 5: Roof Planes From Spline to Dormer

87

Although the sweep solid is in the correct position on the roof, it

still needs to adapt to the slope of the roof pane.
10 Click
Union (Create II flyout) to combine the individual
elements to a common 3D element. Identify the dormer and the
two roof planes in a selection rectangle and press the right mouse
button to confirm your selection.

Lines are displayed to show where the dormer and the roof pane
intersect.

88

Exercise 8: Dormers incl. Area Calculation

Allplan 2005

We have now finished modeling the 3D element and can convert it

back in the other direction from a 3D object to architectural planes.

To convert the model to architectural planes

1 Switch to the

Architecture module.

2 Set the format properties (Format toolbar) for the planes.

3 Click

3D to Planes (Create II flyout).

4 Click the 3D element. It is immediately converted to planes

these are displayed using the format properties you defined on
Format toolbar.

Modified planes are now available for the design of walls, roof,
windows in short, all the components required for creating this
building model.

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Unit 5: Roof Planes From Spline to Dormer

89

You do not need to design a building to check the area details in this
small example. It is enough if you just create simple rooms that
cover the full extents of the attic.

To perform calculations
1 Switch to the first drawing file with the first roof model without a
dormer.
You will see how the system reacts in the case of roofs with
different designs.

2 Click

Room (Rooms flyout).

3 The outlines of a room are entered as a polyline, its height is

associated with reference planes or entered as absolute values as
usual.
Click Height on the Context toolbar and define the parameters so
that the top of the room is attached to and flush with the upper
plane. The bottom level should be set at an offset of 2.75 m from
the lower plane in order to simulate a realistic story height.

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Exercise 8: Dormers incl. Area Calculation

Allplan 2005

Tip: Choose a different pen

color before you draw the
rooms.

4 In both cases, draw the polyline for the room point by point as
shown. The position of the rooms is evident in isometric view.

5 Click
Area Calculation, Application (Rooms flyout) to see the
different area calculation options.
6 In subfolder 64 Floor Space, choose List 5 (Floor space
<TEXT1>), for example. Then select the roof without a dormer in
a selection rectangle.
The system will first show the different areas to be calculated in
the drawing file, graded by room height. The schedule contains
all the important information pertinent to the areas.

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Unit 5: Roof Planes From Spline to Dormer

91

7 Now perform the calculation on the roof with the dormers. The
result is a list that is considerably different.

As you can see, modifying the roof frame not only let you change its
shape, but the area details updated, too.

92

Exercise 8: Dormers incl. Area Calculation

Allplan 2005

Whether or not there is a dormer in the roof, you can use the same
approach to apply a

Roof Covering.

To create roof covering

1 Click
2 Click

Roof Covering (Roofs and Planes flyout).

Properties and set the parameters as shown below:

3 For each roof, enter the outline of the roof covering as you would
a normal polyline.
All you have to do is click two diagonally opposite points of the
roof and press ESC to finish entry. Thats all even in the case of
the roof with the dormer as the
Above the roof and dormer
frame setting ensures that the dormer frames are detected
automatically.

Advanced 3D

Unit 5: Roof Planes From Spline to Dormer

Open an animation window (F4 key).

The result might look like this:

93

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Advanced 3D

Unit 6: Stairs Walls Ramps

Unit 6: Stairs Walls

Ramps
Stair designs can serve as the basis for the design of
other architectural elements for example, walls
matching the course of the steps, or ramps where the
same design is used in a new context.

95

96

Exercise 9: The stepped wall following the course of the steps

Allplan 2005

Exercise 9: The stepped wall following the

course of the steps
When a wall is on or under a stair, the stepped course of the top or
bottom of the wall can be achieved by modifying the architectural
planes as necessary. At some time or another, not least when
drawing perspectives or performing quantity takeoff operations, the
course of the wall has to reflect the height intervals in the stair.
This exercise shows how to draw a wall on a stair.

Telecommunications
Center in Barcelona
Architects: Bach + Mora

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Unit 6: Stairs Walls Ramps

97

Start by designing a stair. This will serve as the base component for
the wall later. We will keep the straight stair in this example as
simple as possible and only add the treads and risers.

To design a stair
1 Click
Straight Flight (Stairs flyout). Use the dimensions given
in the sketch.

2 After you have defined the parameters, click

dialog box for the stair components:

to access the

On the Format, 2D tab, activate the tread and riser.

You can set a different pen and linetype for each of these
components in 2D and 3D.

98

Exercise 9: The stepped wall following the course of the steps

Allplan 2005

You can use this tab to set the pen and linetype in 2D; the
settings for the display in 3D space are defined on the Geometry,
3D tab.

Advanced 3D

Unit 6: Stairs Walls Ramps

99

3 Switch to the Geometry, 3D tab. You can set a different pen and
linetype for each of these components in 3D, select a material and
you can even assign custom surfaces for display in animation
mode.

100

Exercise 9: The stepped wall following the course of the steps

Allplan 2005

4 On the Geometry, 3D tab, first click the Stair Tread button (this
is where you can also define the Nosing) and then click the Riser
button. We will define the parameters for the components that are
relevant in this example in separate dialog boxes.
Use the values shown in the figures below.

5 Confirm the dialog boxes by clicking OK and then click Close.

Acknowledge the corresponding prompt by pressing Yes.
This locks the parameters of the stair. The stair does not need to
be labeled.
6 As we need a copy of the stair in its current state, use
Copy/Move Elements between Files (File menu) to copy the
stair to a different drawing file (which should be closed for the
time being).

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Unit 6: Stairs Walls Ramps

101

The next step is to convert the component to planes. We will create a

3D element based on the architectural components in the stair. We
will then convert this to architectural planes.

To convert the stair to architectural planes

1 Switch to the

3D Modeling module.

2 Click
Convert Elements (Create II flyout) and then Arch.
Elements to 3D.
3 The easiest way to select the elements is in a selection rectangle.

Tip: If you fail to join the

objects with a single
selection, first combine the
objects in the individual steps
and then the steps themselves
until the stair consists of a
single object.

The more complex stair representation now consists of simpler

3D elements.
4 You can make subsequent edits easier to accomplish by joining
the individual objects using
Union (Create II flyout) to make a
common 3D element.

102

Exercise 9: The stepped wall following the course of the steps

5 Switch to the

Allplan 2005

Architecture module.

6 Click
3D to Planes (Create II flyout) and convert the 3D
element to architectural planes.
7 Click
Modify Format Properties and change the format
properties of the planes. For example, set the linetype to 9 and
the line color to 1 (black).

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Unit 6: Stairs Walls Ramps

103

The 3D elements have now been converted to reference planes. These

can be used to define the height of a wall that will rest on the stair
you created at the beginning of this unit.

To design a stepped wall

1 Change the format properties (Format toolbar) again and click
Wall (Architectural Components flyout).
The bottom of the wall needs to match the course of the top
plane. Make the association and set an offset of 1cm. The top of
the wall is to run at a constant height. We will therefore lock it to
an absolute height without associating it with a plane.

Absolute
height

Upper
plane

The value selected for the wall thickness is small. This is so that
we can erect a glass panel as the wall on the stair.

104

Exercise 9: The stepped wall following the course of the steps

Allplan 2005

2 Place the wall so that it is flush with the edge of the dashed
planes. The new component must be completely within these
planes.
The walls offset direction is important!

3 The original stair is in a different drawing file. Open the drawing

file in question. Now you can check the stair and the wall
together.

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Unit 6: Stairs Walls Ramps

105

Does the joint between the bottom of the wall and the stair need to
be continuous? On the vertical edges, too?
Then use
Stretch Entities (Edit flyout) to stretch the points in the
planes shown in the illustration. Do this before drawing the wall:

dX = -1 cm

You can also make this change later:

To make sure that

Stretch Entities (Edit flyout) only changes the

planes, it is advisable to use the

Architecture Filter (Filter
Assistant toolbar). In the Component area, choose Plane.

You have modified the planes only; consequently, the walls

automatically adapt to the new reference planes.
The result should look like this:

106

Exercise 9: The stepped wall following the course of the steps

Joint is horizontal

Allplan 2005

Joint is continuous

If the new wall is to be made of glass, it is best to use the Animation

mode to display the material as shown in the previous unit.
To do this, open an animation window (press the F4 key!), and use
the tools in the
Animation module. By the way, you can also
select these tools on the shortcut menu in the animation window:

Surface Settings

Setup Lights

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Unit 6: Stairs Walls Ramps

107

Exercise 10:
The Ramp and the Trick with the Stairs
Ramps are a necessary part of buildings for access to underground
parking. They are also often used instead of elevators for the
disabled, serving as design elements as can be seen in famous
museums, for example.
The following example shows how to design a garage ramp based on
a spiral stair. Here, too, we show how a wall can be adapted to the
component above or below it.

Art Museum in Wolfsburg

Architects: Schweger + Partner

108

Exercise 10: The Ramp and the Trick with the Stairs

We will design the ramp using the tools in the

module based on a

Allplan 2005

Stair Design

Spiral Stair.

To design the ramp

1 Design a
Spiral Stair (Stairs flyout) with the following
parameters:
Center:

Click a point

Radius:
5.00
This defines the inside radius.
Start angle:
0
Delta angle:
90
The ramp will describe a quarter circle.
Radius:
8.50
The outer radius is required here. This will result in a lane
width of 3.5 m.
The outline of the stair is already displayed on screen. Additional
parameters are set on the Context toolbar.
The component will be 1.2 m high. This means that the ramp will
have a slope of about 15%.

2 After clicking the Sides button you can define the number of
segments in the arcs.
3 By default, the radius of the flight of stairs is calculated 50 cm
from the inside edge. Here, the line of travel has been placed in
the center of the lane. Confirm these values.

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Unit 6: Stairs Walls Ramps

109

4 The number of steps is entered in another Context toolbar. This

value should be understood as the segmentation of the ramp, as
the smoothness of the lane surface. The last step should be the
same height as the top of the component.

110

Exercise 10: The Ramp and the Trick with the Stairs

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5 After you have defined the parameters, click

to access the
Stair Components dialog box and select the Geometry, 3D tab.

6 The ramp will consist of one component type the center

stringer. Deactivate the stair tread (it is active by default) and
check the Center stringer.
7 Click the Center Stringer button to access the center stringer's
dialog box.

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Unit 6: Stairs Walls Ramps

111

8 Design the stringer so that it is 30 cm high and stretches across

the entire width of the stair. By defining the component in this
manner, you make a ramp out of the stair: The center stringer is
assigned the flight width and a meaningful height. There are no
stair components otherwise.
This defines all the important data for the ramp. Lock the stair
and view the result in isometric view.

112

Exercise 10: The Ramp and the Trick with the Stairs

Allplan 2005

We will briefly repeat the process of designing a stepped wall this

time with the round outline.
We will convert the spiral stair/ramp component to architectural
planes. These will serve as the basis for locking the height of the
wall.

To convert the ramp to architectural planes

1 Copy the ramp to a different drawing file before you convert it.
2 Switch to the

3D Modeling module.

3 Click
Convert Elements and then Arch. Elements to 3D.
Enclose the ramp in a selection window.
4 Join these elements using
5 Switch to the
6 Click

Union.

Architecture module.

3D to Planes.

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Unit 6: Stairs Walls Ramps

113

7 Click
Modify Format Properties and change the format
properties of the planes. For example, set the linetype to 9 and
the line color to 1 (black).

Now design two walls to meet different requirements:

Wall A under the ramp on the inside edge; the top of the wall
follows the course of the ramp while the bottom of the wall stays
at a constant height.
Wall B is on the outer edge of the ramp; its top and bottom levels
rise in parallel.

Wall B

Wall A

114

Exercise 10: The Ramp and the Trick with the Stairs

Allplan 2005

To create walls on the ramp

1 Click

Wall and then

Curved Wall.

The locked bottom level needs to be at a height of -30 cm.

2 Enter the curved wall as shown below:

Start point:
to point:
Arc extension point:
Center of circle:

1
2
3
4

left mouse button

left mouse button
left mouse button
CTRL + left mouse button,
align
Check the walls offset direction and, if necessary, change it by
clicking
on the Wall Context toolbar.
Radius:
5.00
ENTER KEY

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Unit 6: Stairs Walls Ramps

115

3 The following options are available for drawing wall B:

Draw wall B as a curved wall, using the same approach.
As the number of segments for the ramp planes and the
curved wall may differ, please make sure that the entire
curved wall is actually inside the planes. You should therefore
move the start and end point of the wall inwards on the ramp
by 1cm, and reduce the radius of the curved wall accordingly
(8.49 m). Or ...
To avoid these difficulties right from the start, draw a
Polyline along the outer edge of the ramp and use this
polyline as the basis for drawing an
Entity-based Wall
(see Exercise 11).
In both cases, set the following parameters:
The wall is 15 cm thick. The bottom level is flush with the upper
plan and is 1m high.

116

Exercise 10: The Ramp and the Trick with the Stairs

4 Then activate the drawing file with the original ramp.

Allplan 2005

Advanced 3D

Unit 7: Experimenting with CAD

117

Unit 7: Experimenting with

CAD
CAD and designing is a much discussed topic.
This unit shows how Allplan 2005 can effectively
support the design process.
The 2D sketching tool lets you create sketches based on
lines of any shape, which can then be converted to 3D
elements using the tools in the Architecture module.
The 3D sketching tools even make things a lot easier:
you can design and edit 3D objects freely and intuitively;
Allplans sophisticated concept of viewports helps you in
every way.

118

Exercise 11: From Freehand Lines to Animation

Allplan 2005

Exercise 11: From Freehand Lines to

Animation
It is often argued that experimental work at the computer is very
difficult because the system needs precise numerical information. The
fact that a computer actually does little more than crunch numbers
cannot be denied. However, ways of formulating design ideas in the
system without having to enter all too precise information about
length, height or material do exist.
The aim of the exercise that follows isnt to achieve a design prize.
Rather, the exercise shows the methods that are available for creative
design work.
Work your way through the steps without worrying too much about
the result for the time being!

Digital sketches or scanned sketches

Simple sketches can be created right on screen. These can consist of
basic geometric entities like rectangles, circles and ellipses. The
computer translates the freehand input from the user into a
geometric entity with the closest resemblance: For example, an
approximate circle will become a circle theres no need to specify a
center or radius.

To use the sketching tool

Tip: Keep the ALT key pressed
down while you draw to
prevent the system from
converting the freehand line.
In other words, the system
will not smooth the line and
your input will thus remain a
sketching line.

1 Press and hold down the ALT key and click in the workspace with
the left mouse button.
The QuickSketch Mode dialog box appears.
2 Click 2D QuickSketch.

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Unit 7: Experimenting with CAD

119

3 Press and hold down the ALT and CTRL keys and draw a circle
with the left mouse button (without releasing the mouse button!).

The freehand line becomes a circle as soon as you release the ALT
and CTRL keys.
4 Now draw lines that intersect the circle as shown below. The
system creates a straight line based on the freehand symbol.

Scanned sketches can either be re-sketched in the same manner or

you can design the desired geometric shapes, for example the circle,
right on the template. Keeping the proportions is particularly
important at the beginning this approach is best for doing this.

120

Exercise 11: From Freehand Lines to Animation

Allplan 2005

Quick edit
We will now revolve the straight line about a point within the circle
and make 24 copies at the same time.

To revolve the line

1 Click

Polar Array (Edit flyout).

2 Activate the line, click the center of rotation and specify the
number of copies (24 in this example). Accept the delta angle
proposed by the system (as the system calculates the angle based
on the division of a full circle by the number of elements). This
will ensure that the lines are distributed evenly over 360.

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Unit 7: Experimenting with CAD

121

Next, we will modify the lines in such a way that they end on the
circle. In other words, we will delete protruding segments.

To cut elements
1 Switch to the
2 Click

Draft module.

Cut with Element (Modify flyout).

This tool first cuts all the lines at the point where they intersect
the circle.

3 Select the circle as the intersecting element. The intersection

points are marked.
4 Click
Delete (Edit flyout) and set the following option for the
selection rectangle:
Select elements intersected by selection window only (Filter
Assistant toolbar).
5 Enclose only the line segments beyond the circle in a selection
rectangle.
Tip: Dont forget to reset
the selection option back to
Select elements fully
bounded by selection
window only.

122

Exercise 11: From Freehand Lines to Animation

Allplan 2005

Custom curves with the Spline tool

Another option for working freehand is provided by the

Spline
tool (Draft flyout). Any kind of curve can be created simply by
placing a few points. Add a spline to the current design.

Advanced 3D

Unit 7: Experimenting with CAD

123

From lines to components

A feature often requested by architects is the ability to seamlessly
transform line drawings into 3D elements or components.
Tip: You can modify
component parameters at any
time using
Change Archit.
Properties (3D Modification
flyout) the current settings
arent necessarily the final
ones.

To create walls from splines

1 Open the

Walls, Openings, Components module.

2 Click
Wall (Architectural Components flyout) and then
Entity-based Wall.
3 Set the following parameters:
Thickness of wall
Component height
Height of bottom level

0.30 m
3.00 m
0.00 m

4 Click the start and end point of the spline (1+2). Check the walls
offset direction!

124

Exercise 11: From Freehand Lines to Animation

Allplan 2005

Now use this method to create components based on the radial lines.
These will serve as the roof structure over the wall.

To create walls based on lines

1 Click

Convert Line to Wall (Create II flyout).

This tool generates components based on straight lines.

2 Set the following parameters:
Thickness of wall
Component height
Height of bottom level

0.12 m
0.20 m
3.20 m

3 Set the following option for the selection rectangle:

Select elements fully bounded by selection window only
(Filter Assistant toolbar).
4 Activate the lines using the selection rectangle.
Although the circle is within the selection rectangle, it is not
selected as it cannot be processed by this tool.
5 Click in the workspace beside a line to specify the offset direction.

As the steps above showed, we managed to progress from a freehand

line to a component in a short number of relatively uncomplicated
steps and without the need for precise points and parameters.

Advanced 3D

Unit 7: Experimenting with CAD

125

Animation
Studies like these can be used to replace the working model in a lot
of cases in particular, because the effects of the design in three
dimensions can very easily be verified in Animation mode. Changes
and what-if scenarios are thus very easy to visualize.
To open the
F4 key.

Animation Window Entire Model, just press the

126

Exercise 12: Intuitive Modeling Three-Dimensional Sketches

Allplan 2005

Exercise 12: Intuitive Modeling ThreeDimensional Sketches

Modeling regular 3D objects using the tools in the 3D Modeling
module was the subject of the first chapters in this step-by-step
guide, and in the first part of this unit you learnt how to create
outlines of any shape with just a few lines and mouse clicks.
Allplans 3D QuickSketch mode combines these two approaches and
provides boundless options for drawing and modifying 3D solids and
3D surfaces intuitively.
Allplans 3D QuickSketch mode is particularly appropriate for
landscaping and city planning.
Other possible applications include architectural designs and
volumetric models created with the 3D Modeling module.

Advanced 3D

Customized designs
Various rendered images
including reflection,
transparency, lighting and
shadows

Unit 7: Experimenting with CAD

127

128

Exercise 12: Intuitive Modeling Three-Dimensional Sketches

Allplan 2005

Exercise: Redesigning a schoolyard

Initial situation
An underground garage is added to a school. As the parking space is
no longer required, the schoolyard can be enlarged a small
open-air theater is to be built. Now it is your turn!
In this exercise, you will create a model and presentation of a small
amphitheater.

Approach
Start by drawing a base plate. If you want, you can open a drawing
file with a site plan in reference mode and use it as the basis.
Based on this plate you model some steps in the terrain which are to
serve as rows of seats and create a stage. Then you add customized
walls, steps and other design elements to the model.

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Unit 7: Experimenting with CAD

129

To set the user interface

1 On the Window menu, click

3 Viewports.

The workspace is divided into three viewports:

Front Elev. and
Front Right Iso..

Plan View,

2 Open an animation window (just press the F4 key) so that you

can check the model at any stage in the design process. Reduce
the animation window as shown below and move it to a position
where it does not interfere with your work.

130

Exercise 12: Intuitive Modeling Three-Dimensional Sketches

Allplan 2005

To design the base plate

1 Switch to the

3D Modeling module.

2 Select a suitable color (Format toolbar) and draw a

Enter the following values:
X=30
Y=30
Z=-2

Box.

Basic 3D QuickSketch rules

Press and hold down the ALT key and click in the workspace with
the left mouse button to open the QuickSketch Mode dialog box.
Press and hold down the ALT key and the left mouse button and
drag to draw outlines of any shape.
When you press and hold down the CTRL key in addition to the
ALT key, the program will attempt to convert the sketch to a
regular outline (line, rectangle, circle). While you are drawing, the
outline is displayed in blue.
You can work in any viewport (plan, elevation or isometric).
When you create a new solid or make modifications using Stretch
3D Surface or Pierce 3D Surface, the surface (of the solid) where
you start sketching always serves as the initial height. The height
is always interpreted as a value perpendicular to this surface.

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131

To model intuitively
1 Press and hold down the ALT key and click in the workspace with
the left mouse button.
The QuickSketch Mode dialog box appears.
2 Click Create 3D Object.

Tip: When you press and hold

down the CTRL key in
addition to the ALT key, the
program will convert the
freehand outline to a regular
shape (line, rectangle, circle).
While you are drawing, the
outline is displayed in blue.

3 Select a suitable color (Format toolbar), press and hold down the
ALT key and the left mouse button and draw the outline of the
first step in the terrain, which is to serve as a row of seats.

4 Release the ALT key and the left mouse button and enter the
Height of the step (= height of the seats) in the dialog line:
0.5 m

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Exercise 12: Intuitive Modeling Three-Dimensional Sketches

Allplan 2005

The 3D object is given the color selected on the Format toolbar.

Tip: You can use

Measure
(Standard toolbar) to
measure distances to check
the proportions.

5 Repeat steps 3 and 4 and draw two additional steps in the terrain
at the same height. Always begin within the outline of the step
you created last.
The program then determines the height of the already created 3D
object. The height you have entered for new object is added to the
height of the existing object, and consequently, the new object is
placed above the existing one.

Advanced 3D

Unit 7: Experimenting with CAD

133


6 Now you create the stage, which is to be 0.5 m deep in the base
plate. Press and hold down the ALT key and click in the
workspace with the left mouse button.
The QuickSketch Mode dialog box appears again.
Tip: You can use the Slope
and Pierce 3D Surface option
to assign a slope of 45 to the
edges.

7 Click Pierce 3D Surface.

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Exercise 12: Intuitive Modeling Three-Dimensional Sketches

Allplan 2005

8 Press and hold down the ALT key and the left mouse button and
draw the outline of the stage.

9 Release the ALT key and the left mouse button and enter the
Height of the stage in the dialog line:
-0.5 m
This creates the stage in the base plate.

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Unit 7: Experimenting with CAD

135

10 Model a wall behind the stage, which is to serve as a backstage

area for the actors. This wall is to be 2.5 m high.
Press and hold down the ALT key and click in the workspace with
the left mouse button. Choose Create 3D Object.

11 Select a suitable color (Format toolbar), press and hold down the
ALT key and the left mouse button and draw the outline of the
wall.
Release the ALT key and the left mouse button and enter the
Height in the dialog line: 2.5 m

136

Exercise 12: Intuitive Modeling Three-Dimensional Sketches

Allplan 2005


12 Now draw a curved wall on the top step in the terrain.


Tip: When you press and hold
down the CTRL key in
addition to the ALT key, you
will obtain round or
rectangular openings.

13 Activate Cut 3D, switch to elevation view and draw some

peepholes and a larger opening which is to serve as a door in the
wall just created.
Note: The 3D Cut option cuts the 3D object along the outline; the
intersecting solids, however, are not deleted.
Click in the workspace with the right mouse button, and, on the
shortcut menu, choose
Delete and remove the intersecting
solids from the wall.

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Unit 7: Experimenting with CAD

137


14 Activate Pierce 3D Surface and switch to plan view.
Press and hold down the ALT and CTRL keys and draw some
rectangular treads that are to be 0.25 m deep in the terrain and
base plate.
Note: Make sure that you start drawing the outline of the step
within the solid which is to be cut out (see arrows in the
illustration below). The system always makes the hole within
the solid where you start sketching.

138

Exercise 12: Intuitive Modeling Three-Dimensional Sketches

Allplan 2005

15 The top of the curved wall does not need to be planar. Rather, it
is to be given a customized outline. To achieve this, click Stretch
3D Surface and start by increasing the walls height.

16 Switch to isometric view, press and hold down the ALT key and
click one of the top surfaces in the wall. Do not release the left
mouse button and draw a line upward (see below).
The entire top surface is stretched, and consequently, the wall is
heightened.

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Unit 7: Experimenting with CAD

139

17 Now you will cut the wall along a customized outline.

Activate Cut 3D, switch to elevation view, press and hold down
the ALT key and enter the outline.
The wall is cut along this outline.

Tip: When you press and hold

down the CTRL key in
addition to the ALT key, you
will obtain straight lines.


18

Delete the redundant wall segment.


19 If you want, you can now experiment with the sketching tools.
Try out different design studies. For example, you can modify the
terrain, add columns, ....
Finally, you can integrate the small theater in a volume module.
The result might look like this:

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Exercise 12: Intuitive Modeling Three-Dimensional Sketches

Allplan 2005

Advanced 3D

Appendix 1: 3D Modeling

141

Appendix 1: 3D Modeling
Based on a lamp, which is used as an example, you can
use the following chapter to deepen your knowledge in
three-dimensional modeling.
This appendix is provided so that you can reproduce
what you have learnt and return to points of interest.
You should already be familiar with the basic concepts.
For this reason, not every step is described in detail.

142

Exercise 13: Modeling A Wall Lamp

Allplan 2005

Exercise 13: Modeling A Wall Lamp

Based on a small example, this chapter expands on the basic
principles and capabilities of the tools in the 3D Modeling module
this ranges from creation and modification of basic shapes to
conversion of 2D elements to 3D.
As its possible applications are so widespread, the 3D Modeling
module assists you throughout the entire design process from the
first line to complex details.

A collection of lamps modeled using the tools in the 3D Modeling module

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In this exercise you will model the lamp shown below.

In the

CAD Navigator select the

3D Modeling module.

Basic 3D elements
The following basic 3D elements are available: 3D line, various
surfaces of different shapes and basic solids like box, sphere and
cylinder.

Thanks to Allplans simple and clear menus, the process of creating

these basic elements is easy to understand. For this reason, the
section that follows briefly introduces just a few functions.

Cylinder
Cylinder
Center:
Click in the workspace as you please.
Number of corners: 36
Radius:
Enter the radius as a numerical value, for
example: 0.04.
This defines the base of the cylinder. As even round 3D elements
consist of straight lines, the value you enter for the corners defines
the number of segments in the cylinder: the more the number of
lines, the smoother the cylinder.
Tip: Activate 3 Viewports to
enter the cylinder. This way,
you can easily tilt the base of
the cylinder if desired.

Height

0.175

In this example, you will not tilt the base of the cylinder.
Consequently, it is in the xy plane.
If the base is not parallel to the xy plane, you can control this by
defining an edge point. If the height values of the edge point and the
center differ, the base is inclined. Edge points are best defined in
isometric view.

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The cylinder is now finished.

Basically, three methods are available for defining the base of a
cylinder:
Enter the radius.
Define an edge point.
Click in the workspace to define the radius.
Based on the edge of an existing entity
The base is defined by the center and tangent.

Tip: It is a good idea to save

after each step. In addition,
you should make a backup
copy of intermediate results
so that you can fall back on
them if need be.

Based on edge point (left) and on

edge of existing entity (right)

Construction lines and temporary points facilitate the procedure

of editing 3D elements as reference points are available. This is
true for cylinders in particular.
To place a 3D point, select the 3D Line tool and click the same
point twice.

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Rectangular surface
The top and bottom surfaces of the cylinder are to be inclined. For
this, start by creating a temporary rectangle that is parallel to the
xy plane:
Rectangular Surface
Define the rectangle by clicking two diagonally opposite corners. In
this example, it is to circumscribe the base of the cylinder. When you
use the linear snap tool (with the middle mouse button when
Conventional is enabled in Global Options
Settings tab
Middle
mouse button assignment or by means of CTRL + left mouse button
when Windows-compliant is enabled in Global Options
Settings
tab
Middle mouse button assignment), the left edge of the
rectangle will touch the cylinder. To do this, it is best to activate the
following view:
Front Right Iso.

Editing 3D elements
Moving 3D elements
The rectangle and the base of the cylinder still have the same height.
Now move the rectangle by 17.5 cm in the z direction:
Move

Rotating 3D elements
Rotate

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The rectangle is rotated by 45. The axis of rotation is to be the edge

of the rectangle that touches the cylinder.
First click 3D on the Dynamic toolbar.
Select the rectangle and set the first and second point of the axis of
rotation (1+2). The angle of rotation is 45.

Slicing 3D elements
Slice
First click the cylinder. The slicing plane is defined by three points or
by two points and an edge.
In this example, the rotated 3D rectangle is very useful as it contains
all the information that is required. All you need to do is click the
three corners (1+2+3).
Delete the rectangle and the section of the cylinder you just cut off.

Mirroring 3D elements
Switch to elevation view to mirror the modified cylinder. Click
Mirror and Copy
Select the cylinder. The cylinders base line is the mirror axis (1+2).

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Solid models solid

The Create II toolbar and flyout contain tools for modeling 3D
elements based on other solids. You can merge solids, subtract and
remove solids or create a third solid from the common volume of two
solids, for example.
Now you will joint the two parts of the lamp to make a single
3D element. To do this, click
Union
Click the elements and press the right mouse button to confirm.
Now you turn the cylinder into a pipe by subtracting two cylinders
(one with the outer diameter of the pipe = the existing cylinder and
one with the inner diameter) from each other.
Create the second cylinder. Its radius is the same as the radius of the
first (= existing) cylinder minus a value for the thickness of the lamp:
0.036 m, for example.
Continue working in plan view and move the two cylinders on top of
one another so that the centers of the elements are superimposed
(1+2).
To subtract and remove one of two overlapping solids, click

Subtract and Remove Solid

First select the solid which is to be retained and then click the solid
to be subtracted and removed.
The basic shape of the glass tube is finished.

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Solids based on 3D lines and 3D surfaces

From 2D to 3D
2D drafts or sketches that you have entered in the Draft module
considerably facilitate the process of modeling three-dimensional
solids. Simple elements like lines or circles form a very good basis for
3D solids.
Now you create the lamp holder an aluminum strip - as a 2D draft.

Plan view of holder

Outline consists of individual
lines

First draw the plan view of the holder as a simple outline using the
tools in the Draft module (see illustration on the left). Then draw the
section through the holder including the material thickness as shown.
Define the diameter so that it is somewhat larger than the outer
diameter of the existing pipe.
When you are finished with the design, you can convert the 2D
elements to 3D.
To do this, the 3D Modeling module contains the
2D Entities to 3D tool (Create II flyout).

Section through holder with

thickness of material

If the elements to be converted are in the same (active) drawing file,

confirm the prompt. The individual lines displaying the holder in
plan view are to be combined to a single 3D entity; the section will
be converted separately. Accept the number of segments proposed by
the program. The higher the degree of accuracy you require, the
higher the number of segments.
Now the lines exist in three dimensions. You can switch to isometric
view to check.

Polyline sweep solids

Tip: In addition, you can find
all types of tools for
converting elements in the
Architecture module.

An outline is swept along a path to form a new 3D element.

In this example, the line showing the holder in plan view will serve
as the path while the section will serve as the outline to be swept
along the path. First you need to position the outline so that it can
be swept along the path; in other words, the arrangement of the
section relative to the plan view of the holder needs to be defined.
Start by moving the outline to a start point of the path (1+2). If the
path is closed, you can position the outline anywhere along the path.

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In the next step, the outline is set upright. Define the axis of rotation
as shown below, and enter a rotation angle of 90.

Path

Outline

Axis of rotation

All the preparations for creating a solid based on an outline and a

path have now been made.
Polyline Sweep Solid
Click the path for the solid; then click the outline. Specify whether
the solid is to twist or not. This prompt plays a role when you are
using curved 3D paths, for example. The polyline sweep solid is
created.
Step-by-step instructions for 3D designs:
1. Create a 2D draft (plan view and section or elevation)
2. Convert 2D entities to 3D
3. Rotate section or elevation so that it has the correct position
relative to the plan view
We recommend checking the solid in animation:

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Now, all that remains is to join the two parts. Switch to plan view
and move the glass cylinder onto the holder. Correct the height of
the element in elevation view.
The finished lamp is 35 cm high. If you want, you can now modify
the lamp with just a few mouse clicks, and the result will be a lamp
(height: 70 cm) with two holders.

Modifications
Stretching entities
You can quickly and easily lengthen the solid using the
Stretch Entities tool. Switch to elevation view and click
Stretch Entities
In this case, each end of the glass cylinder is lengthened by 17.5 cm
(1+2). The holder is not affected by this operation.
The next step is to move the holder by 6 cm in the z direction (3):
Move

Delta Point

Then copy the holder

by 12 cm downward (4):
Copy

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A modification tool which affects all the points of a 3D element is

Resize
This tool provides a convenient way of changing elements
proportions in their entirety. You can use this tool to resize elements
in the x, y and z direction by first defining a fixed point and then
specifying the resizing factors.
Resize 3D Entities
You can use this tool to resize 3D entities either by specifying the
ratio between two lines or specifying a resizing factor and direction.
First select the elements you want to resize. Place a fixed point.
Either click a corner or end point on a solid.
To specify the ratio between two lines, enter the start and end point
of the reference line and then the start and end point of the
destination line. To resize based on a resizing factor, enter the
resizing factor and then the resizing direction by entering two points.

Useful aids
As orientation in 3D space can sometimes be difficult, Allplan 2005
provides a number of different options for marking relevant points.
The section that follows briefly introduces three tools.
Think of the following situation: a 3D line pierces a surface - you
can mark the exact point of intersection using the following tool:
Intersect Line/Plane
The following two tools play an important role when it comes to
designing details like node points of railing, for example:
Surfaces Center, Center of Gravity

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Appendix 2: Stairs and Ramps

153

Appendix 2: Stairs and

Ramps
This chapter deals with stairs and ramps in detail and
provides advanced information on a wide range of stair
types including u-types stairs and ramps.
To deepen your knowledge, the necessary steps for
creating stairs and defining stair components are
explained once again.
This appendix is provided so that you can reproduce
what you have learnt in unit 6 and return to points of
interest.
You should already be familiar with the basic concepts.
For this reason, not every step is described in detail.

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Exercise 14: Stairs

Allplan 2005

Art Museum, Helsinki, Finland

Architekt: Steven Holl

Ghorfa
Storehouse, Medenine, Tunisia

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155

Exercise 14: Stairs

Designing stairs in Allplan 2005 is really easy as every stair is
created according to the same principle:
First select the stair type and enter the stair outline. Then enter the
height.

Based on this data, the system will initially create a basic stair design
that can be modified to your specific needs.
To create a stair, go to the
Stair Design module.

CAD Navigator and select the

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Exercise 1: Straight-Flight Stair

Based on a simple straight-flight stair, the following exercise
demonstrates the design principles for stairs in a clear manner:
Straight Flight
Tip: If you are working with
3 Viewports, you can check
the stair at any time.

Begin by drawing the outline of the stair. In this example, enter a

rectangle (1.2 x 4 m).
Place the first point of the stringer from the bottom of the stair and
specify the corners as shown below (1+2+3+4).

After you have entered these four points, a Context toolbar appears
so that you can define the position of the stair's line of travel by
entering the offset to a reference stringer. In addition, specify the
height and confirm your entry.

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The system creates a basic stair and displays it on screen.

Now you can adapt the stair to your needs and requirements by
modifying its parameters. In this example, accept the parameters
proposed by the system.
All these values can be changed; please note that they are mutually
dependent i.e., changing one setting causes another to update
accordingly.

If, for example, you modify the number of steps, the values for the
rise and tread are adjusted automatically. The system always
attempts to create the stair according to the tread-to-riser ratio. But
you can also change this value if you want to create special stair
designs, for example.
The definition of the last step is important: You can specify whether
the top step is to be at the same height as or one rise below the top
of the flight. You can do this in the Top Step field.
Click

to define the individual stair components.

The Stair Components dialog box appears.

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The Format, 2D tab lets you select individual stair components by

activating the relevant check boxes.

You can use the other parameters presented on this tab to define how
the stair is to be displayed in 2D. For example, you can set a
different pen and linetype for each of these components in 2D. In
addition, every component can be assigned its own layer.
Make the relevant settings (see above).

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Switch to the Geometry, 3D tab to define the geometry of the

selected components
Click the buttons for the individual elements.

Note: In addition, you can select a different material for each of

these components, assign custom surfaces and specify how these
components are to be displayed in sections, 3D and animated mode.
Dialog boxes with clear previews are provided for setting the
parameters for the individual components. All you need to do is click
the field with the value you want to modify and enter a new value.
The following illustration shows the Center Stringer dialog box:

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Exercise 14: Stairs

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Tip: How can I display a stair

correctly in plan view?
Section in Plan

Tipp: If you do not want to

place a label, press ESC to
quit.

To complete the stair design operation, acknowledge the prompt by

pressing Yes. Check the result in elevation or an isometric view.
After completing the stair, you can use the following tool to change
all its parameters:
Modify Stair

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Exercise 2: Spiral Stair along a Curved Wall

Financial institution in
Paris, France
Architects:
Pierre Merz
Dominique Leverd
Bruno Lestiboudois,
Paris

Based on a more complex example, this exercise covers the approach

for designing stairs in detail. Think of the following situation: in an
old tower, a spiral stair is to be created along a curved wall and
fitted in an existing slab opening.
To do this, a certain amount of preparation is required. These steps
are briefly described in the section that follows. A curved wall, slab
and slab opening are required for this exercise.

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Getting ready
Drawing the floor plan
Open an empty drawing file, activate the
select the

CAD Navigator and

Walls, Openings, Components module.

Click
Click

Wall.
Properties and set the parameters as shown:

Now draw the floor plan:

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Drawing the curved wall

Select the
Wall tool and draw a
Specify the height as follows:

Curved Wall.

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The bottom level of the wall is to be flush with the lower plane. The
top level should be set at an offset of 12 cm from the upper plane as
the slab is 12 cm thick.
In the Wall dialog box, enter a value of 11.5 cm for the thickness of
the wall and select a hatching style for brick walls.
When you have made all the necessary settings, you can now create
the curved wall. It is to be placed in the middle of the towers room.
Check the wall's offset direction and, if necessary, change it.

Start point (1)

To point (2)
Place the start and end point of the wall.
Arc extension point (3)
Two directions are possible. In this example, click above the
points you just defined for the ends of the wall.
Radius / Center of circle (4)
A temporary line appears. Clicking a point on this line changes
the preview of the arc. Try out different settings and see what
happens in the preview. Repeat this until you are satisfied with
the arcs shape. Now, all that remains is to press ENTER to
confirm the radius (approximately 1.5 m).
This completes the curved wall.

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Drawing beams
The slab is not to cover the full extents of the towers first floor.
Consequently, beams are required. Later, you will create a floor slab
and place it on these beams. This slab will serve as a gallery.
Start by creating the beams:
Walls, Openings, Components
Downstand Beam, Upstand Beam
First, set the height. Have a look at the following sketch: the bottom
level of the component should be set at an offset of 30 cm from the
lower plane. Enter 18 cm for the height of the component and 12 cm
for the width of the beam.

After you have defined the other parameters, you can start placing
the beams. Beams are basically designed in the same way as walls.
Place the start and end point and specify the offset direction. Use the
reference point to define the dimensions precisely.

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Drawing the gallery as a slab

Tip: In
Global Options,
you can configure the
program to automatically
display all the elements in
reference drawing files using
a different color.

First enable
Construction Line mode and create a small draft
consisting of lines and a spline or arc. Then disable Construction
Line mode again and select the
Slab tool.
Define the height association:

The slab is 12 cm thick and the top of the slab needs to be flush with
the upper plane.

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Next, enter the outline of the slab as you would a normal polyline:

Start by entering the corners of the slab (1+2). Then click the front
edge of the curved wall (3), which is usually detected automatically
by the program (if it isnt, choose Entire Element on the Dynamic
toolbar). When you have defined the last corner, press ESC.
This completes the slab. In this example, the beams are shown as
dashed lines so that you can see better.

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Slab opening
Now you create the hole for the spiral stair.
Here, too, it is best to use construction lines. Draw an arc that
exactly matches the line on the inside of the curved wall (a).
Use the
Parallel Lines
tool to create a second construction line (b) at an offset of 0.9 m.
Finally, join the two arcs with lines (c+d).

Disable Construction Line mode and click

Slab Recess, Opening.
First the program will prompt you for the slab in which the opening
is to be inserted. Click the slab.
Choose the Slab opening type in the Slab Recess, Slab Opening
dialog box. Various basic opening shapes are presented in the Shape
of outline area.
You can also draw freeform openings:

Advanced 3D

Tip: Just press the F4 key

or click with the right
mouse button in an empty
area of the workspace
and, on the shortcut
menu, choose Animation
Window Entire Model
to quickly check your
design.

Appendix 2: Stairs and Ramps

Activate
Outline Auto-Detect (dialog line) and click inside the
polygon that has been created in construction line mode.
The slab opening is inserted immediately.

169

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Designing the spiral stair along the curved wall

The shape of the stair is already defined by the two arcs representing
the stringers and the two lines representing the bottom and top of
the stair. Open an empty drawing file (make it current) and select
Spiral Stair
Tip:
Alternative: The arcs center
can also be determined based
on the point where the two
lines representing the bottom
and top of the stair intersect:

First enter the center of the two arcs (1). This point should still be
visible (design in construction line format). Next, define one of the
stringers by specifying the radius (2) and selecting the start and end
points of the arc (3+4).
Make sure that the delta angle describing the arc is applied in a
counter-clockwise direction. The second stringer is defined by the
radius (5).

Point of Intersection

Now you can modify the parameters presented on the Context

toolbar.

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If necessary, enter values to correct the radii and the line of travel.

Open the Stair Components dialog box, select the Geometry, 3D tab
and activate the Tread, Riser and Outer Handrail check boxes as the
stair is to consist of treads and risers with nosing and a customized
handrail.

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Tip: Click
Hidden Line
Image, Wireframe and
increase the value for the
maximum angle (Adjacent
edges area). The handrail is
thus displayed more
smoothly.

Exercise 14: Stairs

Allplan 2005

Accept the settings in the Riser dialog box and finish designing the
stair.

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Exercise 3: Free-Form Stairs

Asymmetrical stairs, stairs with stringers that are not parallel or with
custom-designed landings.... there are numerous examples of stairs
that are based on outlines of any shape.
The following example shows how to create a stair along a customdesigned wall. A spline-based wall is required for this exercise.
The boundary line on the left and the lines representing the bottom
and top of the stair are simple 2D entities (see sketch below).
To design a stair based on this outline, click
Free-Form.
Basically, you can create stairs of this type in two ways: you can
enter the outline of the stair as you would a normal polyline or, as in
this exercise, you can use the outline auto-detection tool that detects
and selects the closed polyline of the draft automatically.

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In the dialog line, activate

Outline Auto-Detect.
All you need to do is click inside the polygon representing the stair
(1), and the outline of the closed polyline is detected automatically.
For freeform stairs, you need to explicitly define the line of travel.
Position it as shown below at a distance of 50 cm from the stringer
on the left (2+3).

The following parameters are provided on the Context toolbar:

Start angle: defines the orientation (angle) of the first step
Rotation angle: defines the delta angle between the front edge of
the bottom step and the rear edge of the top step.
Arc: defines the fillet radius for the line of travel; entering 0
disables this option.
Define the Height of the component as usual.

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All the components stair tread and risers, stringers, handrail can
be set on an individual basis.
In addition, the Stair Outline Context toolbar provides a number of
options that you can use to adapt the stair to your needs and
requirements:
Set skew angle
You can change the angle between individual steps:

Move point on outline

This option lets you move points on the outline of the stair:

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Move auxiliary point on line of travel

You can use this option to manipulate the line of travel and move it
within the outline of the stair:

Lock the stair when you have made all the necessary settings.

Elevation

Plan view

Isometric view

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Exercise 15: Ramps

Exercise: Ramp based on U-Type Stair
Stair designs can serve as the basis for the design of other
architectural elements for example, walls matching the course of
the steps, or ramps where the same design is used in a new context.
Ramps are basically designed in the same way as stairs; you use the
same tools.
The ramp is a special type of stair that consists of one component
type the center stringer. By increasing the width of this component,
you make a ramp out of a stair. Thats all! It is therefor not necessary
to define steps.
The following example shows how to create a ramp with a landing.
A

U-Type Stair will serve as the basis for this exercise.

Start by entering the outline of the stair. Bear in mind that the first
and last point define the bottom of the stair. Use the dimensions
given in the sketch (1-8).

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When you have finished entering the outline, a Context toolbar

appears where you can change the position of the line of travel. Set
the height to 1.40 m.
The next step is to define the parameters: To specify the number of
steps, enter a value of 30 in the number of steps below and number
of steps above fields.
This should be understood as the segmentation of the ramp: the more
the number of steps, the smoother the ramp. Use the settings shown:

By defining the component in this manner, you make a ramp out of

the stair.
In the Stair Components dialog box, activate the Center Stringer ...

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... and make the following settings:

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It is important that the center stringer stretches across the entire

width of the stair (see illustration below). In this case, the height of
the component is equivalent to the thickness of the ramp.
Press Yes to finish designing the ramp and check the result in
elevation or an isometric view.

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Index

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Index
2
2D sketching tool 118
2D to 3D 12

3
3D cutting (sketching tool) 136
3D line 18
3D modeling
intuitively 131
3D modeling, in detail 141
3D objects
converting to planes 40
3D QuickSketch 131
basic rules 130
creating 3D object 131
cutting 3D 136
piercing 3D surface 133
stretching 3D surface 138
3D sketching tool
creating 3D object 131
piercing 3D surface 133

A
animation 65
architectural elements
converting to 3D 37
area calculation 90
assign surface 65

B
basic settings 6
dynamic toolbar 6
reference scale 6
toolbars 6
unit of length 6
box 17

C
center of gravity 151
composite element 27
convert line to wall 124
convert pattern to 3D element 29

converting
2D entities to 3D 12
converting elements
3D to planes 40
architectural elements to 3D
37
copying
mirroring 146
creating 3D object (3D sketching
tool) 131
curved wall 114, 162
cut with element 121
cylinder 143

D
defining parameters 157
delta point 150
design entities
converting to 3D 12
dormer 80
dynamic toolbar 6

E
ellipse 11
entity-based wall 123

F
freeform wall 35
freehand line 118
function 9

G
galleries 165
glass faade 57
glass in animation 65

I
intersect line/plane 151
intuitive modeling 131

L
lists/schedules 53

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Index

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3D elements 146
slicing 3D elements 146
sloping wall 47
smart symbol designer 75
Sources of information
training, coaching and project
support 5
spiral stair 108, 161, 168
splaying of wall 54
spline-based wall 123
stairs 155
component overview 158
free-form 171
label 160
modifying 160
moving auxiliary points 174
moving points on outline 173
section in plan 160
skew angle 172
spiral stair 161
straight flight 156
stepped wall 103
stretch 3D surface (sketching
tool) 138
stretch entities 150
subtracting and removing solid
147
surfaces center 151

mirror and copy 146

modifications 150
modify archit. properties 41
modifying
stretching entities 150
moving 150
3D elements 145

O
online help system 3
outline auto-detect 35

P
parabola 9
parallel lines 167
piercing 3D surface (sketching
tool) 133
polyline 16
polyline sweep solid 13, 149

Q
quantity takeoff 53

R
ramp 108, 175
rectangular surface 145
reference scale 6
resizing 151
roof covering 92
roof frame 81
room 89
rotate 3D elements 13
rotating
3D elements 13, 145

S
sketching tool
2D 118
3D 131
cut 3D 136
stretch 3D surface 138
skew angle 172
slab opening 167
slab recess, opening 167
slabs 165
slicing

T
toolbars
architecture 6
basic tools 6
dynamic 6

U
union 87
unit 6
unit of length 6
useful aids 151
u-type stair 175

W
wall 162
creating based on a spline 123
curved wall 114
entity-based wall 123
sloping 47

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Index

splaying 54
stepped 103
wall opening 52
custom outline for opening 71
smart symbol designer 75
walls
creating based on lines 124

183

window
custom outline for window 71
window opening 52
windows
smart symbol designer 75
wireframe model 34

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