HIMALAYAN UNIVERSITY, ARUNACHAL PRADESH

BACHELOR OF ARTS
(Journalism & Mass Communication)
1st Year
S. NO.
1
2
3
4
5

SUBJECT CODE
101
102
103
104
105

SUBJECT NAME
Principle of Communication
Mass Communication Concept
and Processes
Print Media and Photo
Journalism
Reporting and Editing
Editing Concept and Process

MAX MARKS
100
100

MIN MARKS
50
50

100
100
100

50
50
50

MAX MARKS
100

MIN MARKS
50

100

50

100

50

100
100

50
50

MAX MARKS
100

MIN MARKS
50

100
100

50
50

100
100

50
50

2nd Year
S. NO.

SUBJECT CODE

201
202

2
203
3
4
5

204
205

SUBJECT NAME
History and Industry of Mass
communication
Reporting Techniques and
Skills
Television Production Idea to
Screen
TV Journalism
Press Law and Media Ethics

3rd Year
S. NO.

SUBJECT CODE

1
2

301
302
303

3
4
5

304
305

SUBJECT NAME
Advertising Concepts and
Principles
Public Relation
Basic of Camera, Light and
Sound
Radio
Event Management :Principle
and Methods

HIMALAYAN UNIVERSITY, ARUNACHAL PRADESH

BACHELOR OF ARTS
(Journalism & Mass Communication)
1st Year
Principle of Communication (101)
Fundamentals of Communication
Meaning of communication, features, importance, patterns, and techniques of
Communication Formal/informal, verbal/written, downward & upward. Barriers of
communication, Essential Of communication, 7 Cs of communication, Factors affecting
process of communication.
Process of Communication
Transmission of ideas, facts & figures from one person to another, elements of
Communication process (message, sender, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, acting &
feedback).
Forms of Communication
Intrapersonal communication, interpersonal communication, group communication (public,
crowd, small group), mass communication, non-verbal communication, body
Language.
Oral Communication
Planning and conducting interviews, selection interviews, reprimand interviews, clinical &
psychological interviews, grievance interview, exit interviews, preparation with reference to
welcome, introduction and thanks.
Listening skills
Listening, types of listening, barriers to listening, effective listening skills.
Reading skills
Model of reading to learning, reading tactics and strategies, reading purposes kind of
purposes and associated apprehensions, reading for meaning, reading outcomes.

-----------------------Mass Communication Concept and Processes (102)

1. Mass Communication:
Meaning & definitions, Characteristics & features Scope the concept of Mass & Mass
Culture of Mass Communication
2. Mass Communication and other forms of Mass Communication
Interface between Intra personal & Mass Communication
3. Functions of Mass Communication:
To-Persuade, Inform, Educate, and Entertain; Other functions; Impact & Influence of
Mass Media
4. Theories of Mass Communication:
Meaning of theories based on scientific study & analysis; four major theories of Press,
According to Fred Siebert, Theodore Peterson & Wilbur, Schramm.
(a) Authoritarian Theory
(b) Libertarian Theory
(c) Social Responsibility Theory
(d) Soviet Communist/Workers Theory
(e) Other Theories: Development Media & Democratic Participant Theory
5. Tools of Mass Communication:
(a) Newspapers, Magazines, Radio, TV, Films, Records, Internet
(b) Advertising, Public Relations & Public Affairs
(c) Traditional & Folk Media
6. Journalism and Mass Communication:
Mass media and modern society - functions - mass media and democracy; Print media
In India: on overview

------------------------

Print Media and Photo Journalism (103)

1. Journalism:
Concept, Dimension, Growth, Importance, Requirements, Ideals, Nature, Objectives,
Purpose & Functions.
2. What is News?
Definitions, Nature of News, Qualities of News, News Value, Hard & Soft News.
Orientation & Perspective, Objectivity & Fairness, News as a process, Verification, special
interests. Why is News Important - Difference between News & Information - Journalism &
Communication - Stories of High Interest - Celebrity Journalism, Trends In modern
journalism - Influence of TV channels on serious news reporting in print mediaSensationalism & Entertainment?
3. News Media Operations:
How news media functions? Three Modes of Daily Journalism, National media - How it
Nationalizes the news? Agenda setting function of the National media, New categories
of News, Approaches of Journalism. Press Organizations.
4. News Agency Journalism:
History, functioning & role of PTI and UNI, International News Agencies, Feature,
Syndicates
5. Photography:
Elements and principles - visual language - meaning - photographer's jargon;
Composition of photography - subject and light.
6. Photographic equipment:
Cameras - types - formats - lens - their types and functions - film - types and
Functions -accessories.
7. Camera and Photo:
Shots - focus - shutter - speed - selection of subject - different types of photographs - action
- photo editing - procedure - pictures for newspapers and magazines - developing
photographers' manual and computerised photography.
8. Photographing people:

Portrait and still, wildlife; environment; sports; landscape; industrial disasters; photography
for advertising; conflicts - war - political and social photography.
9. News values for pictures:
Photo - essays - photo features; qualities essential for photo journalism; picture magazines colour photography - impact of technology, practicals, field assignments
and their evaluation.

-----------------------Reporting and Editing (104)

1. Reporting:
Principles of reporting, functions and responsibilities, writing news - lead - types of
leads; body - techniques of re-writing - news agency copy.
2. Reporting:
Reporting techniques - qualities of a 'reporter - news - elements, sources - types - Pitfalls
and problems in reporting - attribution - off - the - record - embargo - pool reporting;follow
- up.
3. Reporting:
Crime, courts, health, civil administration, civic, culture, politics, education beats.
4. Editing:
Nature and need for editing. Principles of editing, editorial desk, functions of Editorial desk,
copy-editing preparation of copy for press - style sheet - editing symbols, proof reading
symbols and their significance.
5. Functions and qualifications of a sub-editor and chief--sub editor, copy selection
And copy testing.
6. Structure and functions of newsroom of a daily, weekly newspaper and periodicals,
different sections and their functions.
7. Headlining - principles, types and techniques

------------------------

Editing Concept and Process (105)

PART I
1. Introductory:
Meaning Concept, Objectives & Scope of Editing
2. Basic Editorial Set - Up Of A Daily:
Position of Editor (Chief editor, Editor - in Chief. Executive editor, Resident editor,
Managing - editor, Assistant editor (s) - their functions, Editorial writers their
functions,Importance & Significance of the Editorial Page.
3. Editorial Set - up of a Magazine
4. Into The Newsroom:
Role of the News Editor, His Responsibility for Organisation And Selection of News.
Their Editing And Treatment.
5. Editing Desk vs Reporting - Section:
Chief Sub - Editor (s), Sub - Editors and their functions; Their Relationship with:
(a) The News Bureau & Its Chief,
(b) Chief Reporter & Other Reporters, Correspondents, Stringers, Freelancers.
(c) The Photo Section: Chief Photographer & Other Photographers;
(d) Cartoonists & Illustrators.
6. Working of the News - Room.
Co-ordination Process:
a) Co-ordination of the News Room With The Press And Its Various Sections.
Namely - Composing, Proof - Reading, Processing, Make-UP, Dark - Room,
Printing a Such Others And Their Functions.
b) With the Advertisement Department.
c) With the Circulation and Promotion.
7. Sources From Where Copy Comes:
New Agencies & Syndicates (PTI & UNI) ; Internal Sources - Reporters ; Approaches to

Different Types of Copies.

8. News Evaluation:
What makes News, Basic criteria for testings copy. Perspective of Democracies &
Importance of Developmental News & News on special target groups, areas; News
Treatment as in Index of identity with target audience.
Part - II
9. Editing Processes:
An Overview; Facts of Editing, What comprises Editing, Principles of Editing, Judging The
News, Editing Tools, Symbols, Correctness of Spellings, Grammar, Idioms Usage,
Consistency; Authentication of Data When & Where Necessary. What Editing does for
Copy: Performing make - Up Operations, Regularising it the style of the Newspaper.
Adjusting Story Length to The Space Requirements, Detecting & Correcting Errors of Facts
& Simplifying Language. Clarifying & Amplifying Language, Verifying names, Watch for
redundancies. Making Stories Objective, Fair & Legally Safe. Restructuring / Rewriting
The Story (if necessary), Altering a Story's tone when necessary. Correcting Copy for good
taste, Improving the Lead, Interpretative & Investigative Approach, its Importance in
Developing countries. Treatment of Mofussil & Developmental News, Editing of Wire
News, Press Releases, Features. Articles & Developing Stories; Reading
Part III
10. Language Skills for the Desk:
Modern Conventions, Punctuation, Some facts on Spellings, Principles behind
Modification
Part - IV
11. Writing The Headline:
Purpose of headlines. Headline defined, the head schedule, Basic Skills for successful
headline writings, Evolution of headline typography. Counting the head, hedging the count,
Head writing by computers, Headline styles, Polishing the headlines.
Part - V
12. Newspaper Make - Up:
The Front Page, Inside Page Make - Up, Using sketches, using boxes, Graphics,

cartoons &Pictures, Caption writing & styles, Refers, Influence of Computer - Based
Technologies on Composing, Editing & Production Approaches & Styles; The Future Using
Photographs: Pix have a purpose, Picture pages, Cropping
Part - V
13. Planning Of Pages:
Organised, Purposeful Flow of material to Press, Tentative earmarking of Matter for
Each page & the manner of their treatment; Handling of Supplements & Magazine Space.
Part - VI
14. Front Page:
Its Importance As The Face Of A Daily Newspaper, Logic Of Gradation And Treatment
And Positioning Of Items; Balancing News And Make - Up Requirements; " Late News"
"Stop Press, Exigencies In The Production Of A Newspaper, Value of Teamwork.
Editorial Page: Its importance, Types of Editorials
Part - VII
15. Morning and Dak Editions:
Types of Editions, readership Surveys, The decline in Readership. Emerging Trends In
Newspaper Presentation. What lies ahead?

***********
2nd Year
History and Industry of Mass communication (201)
1. - Introduction to Mass Communication
- Eras of Mass Communication
- Globalisation
- Stages in History of Advertising.
2. - Introduction to Journalism
- Role, Power & Censorship in the Press
- Making of a Newspaper
a) News Reporting,
b) Investigative and Interpretive Reporting,

c) Sub Editor,
d) Headlines,
e) Feature Writing and Interviews.
- Press codes & Ethics
a) Code of Ethics in Indian Journalism,
b) Press Councils guide to Journalistic Ethics
3. The Psychology and Sociology of Media Audiences
- Introduction
- Media Audiences
- The Psychology of Audiences
- Group by Group
- Types of groups
- The Mass Audiences and their nature
- The public and the public opinion
- The two step flow of information
- Mass media and public opinion
- Agenda setting.
4. Model of Mass communication
- Kiatz and Lazarfields two step model.
- Ball Rockreach and Defiers dependency model
- Model of Agenda setting and effects
- Model of Gate-keeping by White, Gatung and Rouge.
5. Issues in Communication
- New world of communication order recommended by Mcbridge Media Imperialism.
Democratization communication and culture.

-----------------------Reporting Techniques and Skills (202)

Part - I
1. The Business of Mass Media & Reporter.
2. Gathering the News:
Reporting & Reporters - Training & Qualifications to be a reporter - Where reporter
Work - Reporting for Newspapers - Reporting the expected & unexpected - Made news
What reporters do - Reporting skills - A nose for News. Observation (listening &

seeing),Taking notes, finding, checking, verifying, analysing & interpreting information

Interviewing -Asking questions - Types of interviews - Interviewing techniques.
3. Skills For Writing News:
The basic formula - The Inverted Pyramid: advantages & disadvantages. Writing the
Lead - Kinds of Leads - The summary Lead - Thinking through the Lead - Finding the
appropriate verb - No news Lead - Organising the facts - Time elements - Variations
on the summary Lead - Some other aspects of the Lead - Datelines, Credit Lines, Bylines
Checklist for the standard of the news story.
4. Types Of Reporting:
Objective, Interpretative, Investigative, Legal, Developmental. Political.
Crime,Economic & Commercial, Technical & Science Reporting & the rest.

Sports,

5. Writing The Story:

Single - Incident Story - Attribution - Identification - Time and Timeliness - The
Stylebook.
6. Extracting Stories from outside copies:
Citizens, Press releases, Institutional sources Ministries & Govt. Departments etc.
7. Clarity And Accuracy:
How much do readers know? Define & Explain - Context & background - Technical
Words & Terms - obscure details - Jargons & euphemism - Unanswered questions Stories
with holes - Accuracy always - Verifying Facts - Verifying quotations - Credibility
Confessing errors.
Part - II
8. Writing The Story - II:
Coming events - Stores with many names - Localising - Tying the story together Depth
reporting. Writing Hard News, Action & Fire Stories - Accidents - "Allegedly" - Obituaries
-Anecdotes & Tributes - Style.
9. Writing For Magazines:
News - Angles - Structure & Organisation - Suspended Interest - Stories - The feature
touch writing feature - keeping it simple - involving the reader - Holding something
back-Playing with words - Allusions - Creative Leads. Other approaches - Questions The
imperative - Direct address.

10. Articles, Editorials, Middle, Profiles Letters To The Editor, Book Reviews, Film
Review,Sports Reviews.
Part - III
11. Photo Journalism:
How is News Photography different from the rest - Analysing the camera angle Action
photography - Choosing the right - pix - India's Top Photo Journalists.
Cartooning: The Craftsmanship, India's Top Cartoonists
12. Glossary of Newspaper terminology

-----------------------Television Production Idea to Screen (203)

Selection of the programme topic:
Developing programme briefs (Objectives, Contents, Duration etc), Researching the
Topic, Programme Resources, Style and format, structuring the programme, Storyboard and
Script Designing, Script Layout.
Video Recording and Editing:
What is editing? Rules of editing, Editing sound; Umatic, Beta & VHS, Types of editing,
Cut to cut, A/B roll, Assembly and insert editing.
Media Research Methodology:
Writing support materials, Designing Evaluation Tools and Techniques, Evaluation and
Field testing of programme, Preview and Analysis of programme

-----------------------TV Journalism (204)

1. Television for journalism
2. Understanding the medium
3. Writing for visuals
4. Piece to Camera
5. Presentation
6. Reporting

7. Interview
8. Reportage
9. Live Shows
10. Anchoring a Show
11. Programme Production
12. Packaging for a channel
13. Packaging Stories

-----------------------Press Law and Media Ethics (205)

1. Press, Law, Society & Democracy
2. Constitutional Safeguards to Freedom of Press
3. Press Commissions & their recommendations
4. Press & Registration of Books Act
5. Working Journalist Act
6. Law of Libel & Defamation
7. Contempt of Court
8. Parliamentary Privileges
9. Press Council Act
10. Official Secret Act
11. Right to Information
12. Copyright, Intellectual Property Right
13. Social Responsibility of Press
14. Ethics, Self-Regulation & Freedom of Expression

***********
3rd Year
Advertising Concepts and Principles (301)
1. Introduction to Advertising
(a) Definition

(b) Origin & development

(c) Growth of advertising in India
(d) Scope (Effects on Economy/Industry)
(e) Facets of advertising (As an act of commerce, as hidden persuader)
2. Purpose of Advertising
(a) Need for advertising
(b) Functions of advertising
(c) Benefits of advertising: To Seller, Buyer & Media
3. Types of Advertising
(a) Commercial & Non - commercial
(b) Product & Consumer
(c) Classified & Display
(d) Retail & Wholesale
(e) Regional, National & Co-operative
(f) Govt. advertising
(g) Comparative advertising
4. Advertising as a Communication Tool
(a) Communication Process & Advertising
(b) Communication Principles, Theories applied to advertising
5. Advertising as a Marketing Tool
(a) Concept of Marketing & advertising
(b) Marketing Mix - 5 P's in marketing
(c) Segmentation of consumer & positioning of product
6. Advertising as a PR Tool
(a) Relationship of Advertising & Public Relation
(b) Corporate/Institutional Advertising
7. Advertising Theories

(a) Unique Selling Proposition

(b) Brand Image
(c) Relevance to Indian Advertising
8. Role & effects of Advertising
(a) Negative & Positive Effects
(b) Advertising & Society
(c) Advertising & Development
(d) Role of advertising in National Economy
(e) Social/Public Advertising.

-----------------------Public Relation (302)

1. Role of Public Relations in Corporate Image Building
2. Functions of Public Relations
3. PR as distinguished from Marketing, Sales Promotion & Advertising
4. PR Techniques
5. Relationship & Duties of the PR Practitioner - Value of IPR Code & the International
Codes of Conduct
6. Functions of PR Department & Manager - Advantages & Disadvantages
7. PR consultancy - Its advantages & disadvantages
8. PR programme planning
9. Evaluating results of PR work
10. Press Relation & its principles
10. The News Release - Seven point formula & its importance
11. Writing Techniques, Press Event & organising them
12. Internal PR Media & Techniques
13. Employee Relations
14. Exhibition PR & its planning
15. Uses & kinds of Exhibition PR
16. Role of Photography in PR

17. Importance of Marketing Research for the PR practitioner

18. PR in developing countries.

-----------------------Basic of Camera, Light and Sound (303)

Camera:
(a) Video camera, Types of video camera
(b) Different types of shots, camera movements, Tilt, Track, Crane movements etc.
(c) Lenses: Different types of lenses and their application
Lighting:
(a) Lights and lighting
(b) Basics of lighting, Techniques
(c) Different types of lights used in videography
(d) Use of filters & reflectors
Sound:
(a) What is sound? Unit of sound, Voicing
(b) Types of microphones, use of audio mixers for recording & editing of sound

-----------------------Radio (304)
Making of a Radio Station FM Radio Process of Setting Up and Operating an FM Radio
Station in India Accounstics Microphones Use and Mixing of Sound, Audio Effects, Music
Voice Modulations Radio Journalism Key Elements of Radio Writing Announcements,
Talks,Feature-Documentaries, Plays, Dialogue Writing, Newsreel, Discussions,
Interviews,Newswriting,Commericlas/Jingles

-----------------------Event Management: Principle and Methods (305)

1. Role & importance of exhibitions
2. Objectives of the exhibition
3. Advantage of exhibition over other devices

4. Importance of direct contact

5. Choosing the right exhibition - Where to participate
6. Why exhibitions sell? Concept of neutral territory
7. PR for an exhibition
8. Role of the Press in promotion of an event
9. Publicity inputs or visible aids for promoting an event
10. Print & Display material
11. Stand Design
12. Trade Fair: Uses & Abuses
13. Gauging Cost Effectiveness

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