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Appendix A Useful Mathematical Relationships 2008 Fundamentals of Nuclear Reactor Physics

The document provides mathematical relationships for derivatives, integrals, differential equations and coordinate systems. It includes formulas for derivatives and integrals of common functions, expansions of trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, and methods for solving first and second order differential equations.

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Andrew
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82 views4 pages

Appendix A Useful Mathematical Relationships 2008 Fundamentals of Nuclear Reactor Physics

The document provides mathematical relationships for derivatives, integrals, differential equations and coordinate systems. It includes formulas for derivatives and integrals of common functions, expansions of trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, and methods for solving first and second order differential equations.

Uploaded by

Andrew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APPENDIX A

Useful Mathematical
Relationships
Derivatives and Integrals
Z

d n
x nxn1
dx

d
lnx x 1
dx

d ax
e aeax
dx

d
sinax a cosax
dx

d
cosax a sinax
dx
d
sinhax a coshax
dx
d
coshax a sinhax
dx

Z
Z

(
x n dx

1
n1
n1 x

C;

lnx C;

n 6 1
n 1

lnxdx x lnx  x C
1
eax dx eax C
a
1
sinaxdx  cosax C
a
1
cosaxdx sinax C
a
1
sinhaxdx coshax C
a
1
coshaxdx sinhax C
a

Definite Integrals
Z

0
1

x e dx n!

Z
0

n x

1
2
xex dx
2

x2n ex dx

1
2n1

Z
Z

ex dx

0
1

1 p

2

x 2 ex dx

p
1  3  5    2n  1 ;

1 p

4
n 1; 2; 3;   
265

266

Appendix A Useful Mathematical Relationships

Hyperbolic Functions
1
sinhax eax  eax
2
tanhax sinhax=coshax

1
coshax eax eax
2
cothax coshax=sinhax

Expansions

sin x x 

x3 x5 x7
 
3! 5! 7!

jx j < 1

cos x 1 

x2 x4 x6
 
2! 4! 6!

jx j < 1

tan x x

x3
2
x5   
3 15

jx j < =2

cot x

1 x x3
 
 
x 3 45

jx j < 

x x2 x3 x4

1! 2! 3! 4!

jx j < 1

sinh x x

x3 x5 x7

3! 5! 7!

jx j < 1

cosh x 1

x2 x4 x6

2! 4! 6!

jx j < 1

tanh x x 

x3
2
x5    
3 15

jx j < =2

ex 1

coth x

1 x x3

 
x 3 45

jxj < 

Integration by Parts
Z

fx
a

d
gxdx fbgb  faga 
dx

Z
a

gx

d
fxdx
dx

Appendix A Useful Mathematical Relationships

267

Derivative of an Integral
d
dc

fx; cdx

q
p

@
dq
dp
fx; cdx fq; c
 fp; c
@c
dc
dc

First-Order Differential Equations


d
yt tyt St;
dt
where t and St are known. Note that

 Rt
R t 0 0 
d
d
t dt
t0 dt0
:

yte 0
yt t e 0
dt
dt
Rt
Thus, multiply both sides by the integrating factor exp 0 t0 dt0  to
obtain

Rt 0 0
R t 0 0
d
t dt
t dt
Ste 0
:
yte 0
dt
Integrating between 0 and t then yields
Z t
R t0 00 00
Rt 0 0
t dt
t dt
 y0
St0 e 0
dt0
yte 0
0

and solving for yt gives


yt y0e

Rt
0

t0 dt0

St0 e

Rt
t0

t00 dt00

If  is a constant the solution reduces to


Z t
0
t
yt y0e

St0 ett dt0 :


0

If S is also a constant then


yt y0et

S
1  et :


dt0 :

268

Appendix A Useful Mathematical Relationships

Second-Order Differential Equations


d2
yx a2 yx Sx
dx2
and
d2
yx  b2 yx Sx;
dx 2
where a and b are constants, and Sx is known. The solutions are a
superposition of a general and a particular solution:
yt yg t yp t:

A:1

The general solutions are those for which the right-hand sides of the
equations are set equal to zero. By substitution, the following may be
shown to satisfy the equations:
yg t C1 sinax C2 cosax
and
yg t C1 expbx C2 expbx;
respectively, where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants. This solution
may also be expressed in terms of the hyperbolic functions:
yg t C01 sinhbx C02 coshbx:
If S is a constant then the particular solutions are simply yp t S=a2
or yp t S=b2 , respectively. After determining the particular solution, two boundary conditions must be applied to Eq. (A.1) to determine C1 and C2 :
2 and dV in Various Coordinate Systems
Cartesian, one-dimensional:

r2

@2
@x2

1@ @
r
r @r @r
1 @
@
Spherical, one-dimensional:
r2 2 r2
r @r @r
1@ @
@2
r 2
Cylindrical, two-dimensional: r2
r @r @r @z
@2
@2
@2
Cartesian, three-dimensional: r2 2 2 2
@x
@y
@x
Cylindrical, one-dimensional: r2

dV area  dx
dV height  2rdr
dV 4r2 dr
dV 2rdrdz
dV dxdydz

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