Mahesh Tutorials Science

86
ELLIPSE.
Q-2) GROUP-(A) CLASS WORK EXAMPLES Q-1)
The equation of ellipse is
Find the lengths of the axis, eccentricity, co-ordinates of the foci, equation o
f directrices, length of latus-rectum, co-ordinates of the ends of latus rectum
for each of ellipse
(i) x2 y2 + =1 25 9 x2 y2 + =1 25 9
9x 2 + 4y 2 = 36. Find the (i) lengths of
axes (ii) eccentricity (iii) co-ordinate of foci (iv) equation of directrices v)
length of L.R.
Ans.
9x 2 + 4y 2 = 36. ⇒
x y + =1 4 9
+ y2 b2 =1
2
2
Comparing with
2 2
x2 a2
Ans.
(i)
⇒ a =4&b =9 ⇒ a =2&b=3 ⇒ a<b
(i)Lengths of axes :
Length of major axis = 2b = 2 × 3 = 6 units Length of minor axis = 2a = 2 × 2 =
4 units
Hence a 2 = 25,b2 = 9 and a > b l (major axis)= 2a =10, l (minor axis) = 2b = 6
Eccentricity = e= a 2 − b2 a
2
=
25 − 9 16 4 = = 25 25 5
(ii) Eccentricity:
a 2 = b2 1 − e 2 ⇒ 4 = 9 1 − e 2 ⇒
4 = 1 − e2 9
(
)
(
)
4 ae = 5 = 4, foci ≡ ( ±ae,0 ) ≡ ( ±4,0 ) 5
Equations of directrices are x = ± i.e. x = ± 25 4 2b2 2 ( 9 ) 18 = = a 5 5
a e
⇒ e2 =
9−4 5 5 ⇒ e2 = ⇒ e = 9 9 3
iii) Co ordinates of Foci :
5 foci ≡ ( 0, ± be ) ⇒ Foci ≡ 0, ± 3 × ⇒ 3 Foci ≡ 0, ± 5
latus rectum =
Extremities of latus rectum are b2 9 ae, = 4, and a 5 b2
9 ae, − = 4, − a 5 b2 9 −ae, = −4, and a 5
− b2 −9 −ae, = −4, a 5
(
)
iv) Equation of directrices: Equation of directrices are y = ± b/e ⇒
3 9 y=± ⇒ y=± 5 /3 5
v) Length of L.R. = 2a 2 2 × 4 8 = = units 3 3 b
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Q 3)
Find equation of ellipse in standard form of its vertices are ( ±4,0 ) and lengt
h of minor axis is 6.
Q 5)
Find the equation of the ellipse (referred to its principal axes) whose minor ax
is = 8 and eccentricity=
3 5
Ans.
Let equation be
x2 a2
+
y2 b2
= 1 …( a > b )
Vertices ≡ ( ±a,0 ) ≡ ( ±4,0 ) ⇒ a = 4 length of minor axis = 2b = 6. ⇒ b = 3 Re
quired equation is ⇒ x y + =1 16 9
2 2
Ans.
Let the equation of the ellipse be
x2 a2 + y2 b2 =1
x2 4
2
+
y2 3
2
=1
Since minor axis = 8 ⇒ 2b = 8 ⇒ b = 4
⇒ eccentricity = e =
3 5
b2 = a 2 1 − e 2 ⇒ 9 16a 2 16 = a 2 1 − ⇒ a 2 = 25. = 25 25 The equation
of the ellipse
x2 a2 y2 b2
(
)
Q 4)
Find the equation of the following ellipse whose foci are ( ±5,0 ) and
5 eccentricity . 8
x2 y2 + =1 25 16
Ans.
Let equation of ellipse be foci ≡ ( ±ae,0 ) ≡ (± 5,0 )
+
=1
Q 6)
Find the equation of the ellipse (referred to its principal axes) such that dist
ance between foci = 2 and
5 5 ⇒ a × = 5 ⇒a = 8 ae = 5 and e = 8 8
25 ⇒ b2 = a 2 1 − e2 ⇒ b2 = 82 1 − ⇒ 64
vertices are ( ±2,0 ) Ans.
Let equation of the ellipse
x2 a2 + y2 b2 =1
(
)
……..…(i)
⇒
64 − 25 2 b2 = 64 ⇒ b = 39 64
y2 Equation of ellipse 2 + =1 39 8 x2
Given 2ae = 2
∴ae = 1
b 2 = a 2 1 − e 2 = a 2 − a 2e 2 = 4 − 1 = 3 Also a = 2 ⇒ a 2 = 4,b 2 = 3
put these values in (i), the equation of the ellipse is
x2 y2 + =1 4 3
(
)
⇒.
x y + =1 64 39
2
2
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88
Q 7)
Find the equation of the ellipse (referred to its principal axes) Distance betwe
en directrices = 32
1 and eccentricity = 2
Q 9)
Find the equation of the ellipse passing through
(
15, −1
)
and
distance between whose foci is ‘8’. Ans.
Distance between foci = 8
Ans.
Let the equation of the ellipse be
x2 a2 + y2 b2 =1
∴ 2 ae = 8
ae = 4
…(i) But e = 1 2
Ellipse passes through
(
15, −1 ,
)
Given 2
⇒ a=8
a a = 32 ⇒ = 16 e e
∴
x2 a2
+
y2 b2
=1
15
Here
1 3 b2 = a 2 1 − e2 = 64 1 − = 64 = 48 4 4
a
2
+
+
1
b2
a
2
=1
1 =1
(
)
15
a
2
⇒ a 2 = 64 and b2 = 48
(1 − e )
2
from (i) the equation of the ellipse is x2 y2 + =1 64 48
15
a
2
+
1
16 a 2 1 − 2 a
1
=1
15
a
2
+
Q 8)
Find the equation of the ellipse (referred to its principal axes) Distance betwe
en foci = minor axis, latus rectum = 10.
(a
2
− 16
)
=1
15 a 2 − 16 + a 2 = a 2 a 2 − 16 15a 2 − 240 + a 2 = a 4 − 16a 2
(
)
(
)
Ans.
Let the equation of the ellipse be
x2 a2 + y2 b2 =1
a 4 − 32a 2 + 240 = 0 a 4 − 20a 2 − 12a 2 + 240 = 0
…(i) …(ii) …(iii)
(a
2
− 20 a 2 − 12 = 0
)(
)
2ae = 2b and 2b = 10 a
2
⇒ ae = b
a 2 = 20 or a 2 = 12
∴ b2 = a 2 1 − e 2
(
)
From (ii) and (iii), we get a 2 = 100 and b2 = 50 From (i), the equation of the
ellipse is
y2 x2 + =1 100 50
b 2 = a 2 − a 2e 2
When a 2 = 20 ,
b 2 = 20 − 16
=4
∴ equation of ellipse is,
x 2 y2 + =1 20 4 If a 2 = 12 ,
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b 2 = 12 − 16 b 2 = −4 But b 2 ≠ −4 Equation of ellipse is, x 2 y2 + =1 20 4 b2
= 27. Put these values in (i) the equation of the ellipse is x2 y2 + =1 36 27
Q 13) Q 11) Find the equation of the ellipse (referred to its principal axes) su
ch that latus rectum = 39/4 and eccentricity = 5/8. Ans.
Let equation of the ellipse is
x2 a2 + y2 b2 =1
Find eccentricity of the ellipse, if its latus rectum = (1/2) major axis.
Ans.
Let the equation of the ellipse be
x2 a2 + y2 b2 = 1 major axis = 2a,
eccentricity = e; Latus rectum =
2b2 a
…(i) 39 4 …..(ii) ...(iii) and
⇒
2b2 1 a2 ⇒ = ( 2a ) ⇒ b2 = a 2 2
Since latus rectum = 5 e= 8 2b 39 = and a 4
2
b2 = a 2 1 − e 2 ⇒
(
)
a2 = a 2 1 − e2 2
(
)
⇒
a2 1 = a 2 1 − e2 ⇒ = 1 − e 2 ⇒ 2 2
(
)
(
)
e2 = e2 =
25 2 39 b2 = a 2 1 − =a 64 64
1 1 ⇒ e= 2 2 1 1 ⇒ e= 3 3
We get a 2 = 64 and b2 = 39 . Equation of the ellipse is x2 y2 + =1 64 39
Q 14)
Find eccentricity of the ellipse (referred to its principal axes) such its Dista
nce between directrices=3(distance between its foci)
Q 12)
Find the equation of the ellipse (referred to its principal axes) such Focus at
(3,0) and whose directrix is x = 12. Ans.
Ans.
Let equation of the ellipse is
x2 a2 + y2 b2 =1
2a 1 = 3 ( 2ae ) ⇒ 3e ⇒ 1 = 3e 2 e 3 1 1 e2 = ⇒ e = 3 3 Here
…(i) a = 12 e …(iii)
Given ae = 3 …(ii) and
from (ii) and (iii) we get a 2 = 36 and
Ellipse
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90
Q 15)
Find focal distance of the point
A 5,4 3
Q 16)
The length of latus rectum of the parabola y 2 = 4x is equal to length of m in o
r axis of ellipse. If ( 3,0 ) is one vertex of this ellipse, find equation of el
lipse. Also find its eccentricity.
(
)
on ellipse
16x 2 + 25y 2 = 1600
Ans.
The equation of ellipse is x2 y2 16x + 25y = 1600 ⇒ + =1 100 64
2 2
⇒ a 2 = 100 & b2 = 64 ⇒ a = 10 &
b = 8 ⇒ ∴a > b
Ans.
The equation of parabola is y 2 = 4x
⇒ 4A = 4 ⇒ A = 1
b2 = a 2 1 − e 2 ⇒ 64 = 100 1 − e2 ;
(
)
length of latus rectum = 4A = 4 x 1 = 4 Length of minor axis = 4 ⇒ 2b = 4 ⇒ b
2 2
(
64 ) 100 = (1 − e )
=2 Also (3,0) is one vertex of ellipse a = 3 Equation of ellipse is x2 y2 + −1 9
4 x2 32 + y2 22 =1 ⇒
64 = 1 − 100 e2 = 36 2 9 3 ;e = ;e = 100 25 5
(
a > b)
a Equation of directrices are x = and e −a x= e
⇒ x=
10 10 50 and x = − ⇒ x= 3/5 3/5 3
b2 = a 2 1 − e 2 ; 4 = 9 1 − e 2 ∴
(
)
(
)
4 4 5 5 = 1 − e2 ;e2 = 1 − ;e2 = ; e = 9 9 9 3 5 3
eccentricity =
and x = −
50 3
Q 17)
P is any point on the
ellipse
x2 y2 + = 1, S and S are its foci. 25 9
50 50 ⇒x − = 0 and x + =0 3 3
⇒ SP = ePM =
3 5
5−
50 3 = 7 units 2 1


Find


the
perimeter of ∆SPS . Ans.
d M A O
(h,0) x= a/e x= a/e
Y d P (x,y) M A S X



⇒ S P = ePM
3 = . 5
5+
50 3 = 3 × 15 + 50 = 13 units 2 5 3 1
Given equation of ellipse is
x2 y2 + =1 25 9
S and S’ are foci. Here a 2 = 25,b2 = 9 ;
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e=
a2 − b 2 a
2
=
25 − 9 4 = ⇒ 25 5
Q ≡ r2 cos 90 + α , r2 sin 90 + α ≡ ( −r2 sin α + r2 cos α )
(
(
)
(
))
e = 5.

4 =4 5
⇒ S ≡ (4,0) nd S’ ≡ ( 4,0)
Now P lies on the ellipse
2 sin2 α 2 cos α =1 r1 + 2 b2

x 2 y2 + = 1, ⇒  2 b2
If P is ny point
on ellipse

SP = ePM
⇒ SP = ePM & SP = ePM




∴ SP + S P = e ( PM + PM ) = e ( ZZ ) =e 2  = 2  = 2 × 5 = 10 e
⇒
cos 2 α sin2 α 1 + = 2⇒ 2 2  b r1
…(i)





4 SS = 2 e = 2 × 5 × = 8 5 Perimeter of ∆SPS = SP + S P + SS = 10 + 8 = 18 un
its.
1 cos 2 α sin2 α = + OP 2 2 b2
Simil rly Q lies on the ellipse
2 x 2 y2 cos 2 α 2 sin α =1 + 2 = 1, ⇒ r2 + 2 2 b b2

Q 18)
P nd Q re two points on the
⇒
ellipse
x2 2
+
y2 b2
sin2 α cos 2 α 1 + = 2⇒ 2 2  b r2
= 1, such th t seg PQ
subtends  right ngle t the centre O of the ellipse. Show th t
1 ΟΡ2 + 1 ΟQ2
Y

1 sin2 α cos 2 α = + Q 2 2 b2 Adding (i) nd (ii), we get
…(ii)
=
1 2
+
1 b2
.
Ans.
Y Q
(90+ )
P X
1 1 cos 2 α + sin2 α sin2 α + cos 2 α + = + ΟΡ 2 ΟQ 2 2 b2 1 1 1 1 ∴ + = 2+ 2 2
2 ΟΡ ΟQ  b


Q-19)
P (θ) is  point on ellipse
x 2 y2 + = 1,  2 b2
whose foci re S & S ' prove th t   
Seg PQ subtends  right ngle t the centre , ∴ the line P ⊥ Q. If line
   
P m kes n ngle α with the x- xis,
(i) SP .S ' P =  2 sin2 θ + b 2 cos 2 θ (ii) SP + S ' P = 2  Ans.
Y d' M' A' Z'
(- /e,0)

d P M S' S A Z X
( /e,0)

then Q m kes n ngle 90 + α with the x- xis.
  
( P ) = r1 & ( Q) = r2 . Then
P ≡ ( r1 cos α ,r1 sin α ) nd
The eu tion of the ellipse is
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92
x 2 y2 + =1  2 b2 Its foci re S ( e,0 ) nd S ′(− e ,0 ) . The equ tion of it
s directrices re
Q 20)
S is focus of the ellipse
x 2 y2 + =1 4 3
corresponding to directrix x = 4 . Find the equ tion of the circle which p sses
through S, centre of the ellipse nd the point (3,3) . Ans.
Comp ring we get  2 = 4 , b 2 = 3
e2 =  2 − b2 4 − 3 1 1 = = ⇒ ∴e = ⇒ 2 4 4 2 
x = ± / e
Let PM nd PM’ be the length of the ⊥ from P on the directrices.
 cos θ −
Then, PM =
1
 e nd

 cos θ + PM ' = 1
 e

1 e = 2 = 1 2
Focus S ( e,0 ) ≡ (1,0 ) Let reuired eu tion of the circle be 
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 … (i) Since it p sses through centre (0,0); focu

s S(1,0) nd (3,3) ⇒ c = 0 … (ii) ⇒ 1 + 0 + 2g + 0 + 0 = 0 ⇒ 2g = −1 ⇒
By the focus – directrix property of the ellipse.
SP = ePM & S ' P = ePM ' where e < 1
∴ SP = e  cos θ −  / e =  e cos θ − 1
=  (1 − e cos θ)
S ′P = e  cos θ +  / e =  e cos θ + 1 =  (1 + e cos θ) (i) SP .S ' P =  (1
− e cos θ) =  (1 + e cos θ ) =  2 1 − e 2 cos 2 θ =  2 −  2e 2 cos 2 θ =  2
−  2 − b 2 cos 2 θ (∴  e =  − b )
2 2 2 2
g=
−1 …(iii) 2
⇒ 9 + 9 + 6g + 6 f + 0 = 0 ⇒ 6g + 6 f = 0 ⇒ f =
(
)
(
)
−5 2
Equ tion of required circle
−1 −5 is x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 2 y + 0 = 0 2 2
=  2 −  2 cos 2 θ + b 2 cos 2 θ
=  2 1 − cos 2 θ + b 2 cos 2 θ
(
)
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − x − 5y = 0
=  2 sin2 θ + b 2 cos 2 θ.
ii)
SP + S ' P =  (1 − e cos θ) +  (1 + e cos θ)
=  − e cos θ +  + e cos θ = 2 
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Q-21)
Find the C rtesi n co-ordin tes of the point P 60 ellipse
( )
lying on the
( x1 − 3)2 + y12 = 64 − 16
( x1 + 3)2 + y12 + ( x1 + 3 )2 + y12
x12 − 6x1 + 9 + y12 = 64 − 16
x 2 y2 + = 1 nd the eccentric 25 9
5 3 , ngle of the point Q 2 2
Ans.
(i) Comp ring  = 5, b = 3 ; Given th t
( x1 + 3 )2 + y12
+ 6x12 + 6x1 + 9 + y12
θ = 60
x =  cos θ = 5 cos 60 =
y = b sin θ = 3 sin 60 =
−12x1 − 64 = −16 x12 + 6x1 + 9 + y12
5 & 2
Dividing by 4, 3x1 + 16 = 4 x12 + 6x1 + 9 + y12 Squ ring both sides,
9x12 + 96x12 + 256 = 16 x12 + 6x12 + 9 + y12
3 3 2
5 3 3 C rtesi n co ordin tes re , 2 2
5 ⇒ (ii) x =  cos θ = 5 cos θ = 2 cos θ = 1 2 3 1 ⇒ sin θ = 2 2
(
)
9x11 + 96x12 + 256 = 16x12 + 96x1 + 144 + 16y12 7x12 + 16y12 = 112 x12 y12 + =1
16 7
y = b sin θ = 3 sin θ = Hence θ = 45
∴ eu tion of locus of P is n ellipse,
x 2 y2 + =1 16 7
Q-22)
If A nd B re two fixed points such th t l (AB)=6. Then show the locus of the p
oint P which moves so th t l(PA) + l(PB) = 8 is n ellipse
   
G UP-(B): CLASSW K P BLEMS Q-1) Find eu tion of the t ngent to the ellipse x
2 + 4y 2 = 100 t ( 8,3 ) Ans.
E u tion of the ellipse x2 y2 + =1 100 25


Ans.
Let A ≡ ( 3,0 ) nd B ≡ ( −3,0 ) Let P ≡ ( x1, y1 ) l(PA) + l(PB) = 8
Equ tion of the t ngent to the given ellipse t (8,3) is
( x1 − 3)2 + (y1 − 0 )2 + ( x1 + 3 )
2
xx1 yy1 + 2 =1 2 b
+ ( y1 − 0 ) = 8 =8−
2
i.e.
⇒
8x 3y + =1 100 25
( x1,3)2 + y12
( x1 + 3)2 + y12
2x 3y + =1 25 25
Squ ring both sides,
⇒ 2x + 3y = 25
Ellipse
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94
Q 2)
Find equ tion of the t ngent to the ellipse 9x 2 + 16y 2 = 144 t
x 7 ∴ + 16 y×  9 4 =1
(4 cos θ, 3 sin θ).
Ans.
Eu tion of the ellipse is x 2 y2 + =1 16 9
7x y + =1 16 4 7x + 4y = 16
Eu tion of the t ngent to the given ellipse t (4 cos θ, 3 sin θ).
⇒
xx1 yy1 + 2 =1 ⇒ 2 b
Q-4)
A t ngent to b 2 x 2 +  2y 2 =  2b 2 cuts the co-ordin te xis A nd B nd tou
ches the ellipse in the first u dr nt t the mid-point of AB. Show th t its eu
tion is

4 cos θ.x 3 sin θ + =1 16 9

⇒ 3cos θ x + 4sin θ y = 12
Q-3)
Find eu tion of t ngent to ellipse
9x 2 + 16y 2 = 144 t point L. Where L
bx + y = b 2 .
Ans.
The eu tion of ellipse is Let eu tion of t ngent t
x2 2
+
y2 b2
=1

is end of L tus ectum in 1st Qu dr nt Ans.
x 2 y2 9x 2 + 16y 2 = 144 ⇒ + =1 16 9 ∴  = 16 & b = 9 ⇒  = 4 & b = 3
2 2
P (θ) ∴
x cos θ y sin θ + = 1 …(i)  b
 T ngent meet x xis t A ≡ ,0 cos θ
b2 =  2 1 − e 2 9 = 16 − 16e 2 16e 2 = 7 7 e = 16
2
(
)
b T ngent meet y xis t B ≡ 0, sin θ
P (  cos θ,b sin θ ) is mid point of AB
 b +0 0+ cos θ sin θ & b sin θ =  cos θ = 2 2
 cos θ =  b & b sin θ = 2 cos θ 2 sin θ
e=
7 4
b2 ∴ L ≡ e , 
9 ≡ 7, 4
⇒ cos2 θ = ⇒ cos θ = 
1 1 & sin2 θ = 2 2
1 1 & sin θ =  2 2
Eu tion of tgf is
xx1 
2
but P lies in first u dr nt∴ θ is cute
∴cos θ = 1 2 & sin θ = 1 2
+
yy1 b
2
=1
Hence eu tion of t ngent becomes
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x 1 y 1 . + . =1  2 b 2 x  2 + y b 2 = 1⇒ bx + y b 2 = 1⇒
 ∴ 2x 1
b + 2y = 1 1
2
2
bx + y = b 2 This is eu tion of reuired t ngent
∴
2 b2 2 b2 + = 4 ⇒∴ 2 + 2 = 4 2 2 4x1 4y1 x1 y1

∴ Eu tion of locus of M ≡ (x1 ,y1 ) is  2 b2 + =4 x2 y2

Q-5)
Show th t the eu tion of the locus of the mid point of the portion of  t ngent
to the ellipse
x2 2 + y2 b2 =1
Q-6)
A t ngent to ellipse
x2 2
+
y2 b2
=1
intercepted by the co-ordin te xis
 2 b2 is 2 + 2 = 4 . x y

meets the co-ordin te xes t L nd M respectively. If  t ngent to

Ans.
The eu tion of ellipse is
x y + 2 =1 2  b
2
2
ellipse
x2 2
+
y2 b2
= 1 meets the
Let P (θ) be ny point on ellipse. ∴Eu tion of t ngent t P is x cos θ y sin θ
+ =1  b
co-ordin te xes t L nd M respectively. If CL = p , CM =  where C is centre o
f ellipse. Show th t
2 p2 + b2 2 =1
x2 2 y2 b2
This t ngent meet x- xis suppose t A nd y- xis t B.
 b A≡ cos θ , 0 nd B ≡ 0, sin θ

Ans.
The eu tion of ellipse is
+
=1
Eu tion of t ngent t P ( x1 , y1 ) is xx1 
2
Let M ≡ (x1 ,y1 ) be point on locus ∴ M is mid point of AB By mid point formul 
b  +0 0+ sin θ cos θ nd y1 = x1 = 2 2
x1 =  b nd ∴ y1 = 2 cos θ 2 sin θ
+
yy1 b2
=1
It meet x xis in point L.⇒ put y = 0 xx1 2 = 1⇒ x = 2 2 ⇒ L≡ ,0 x x1
1
T ngent lso meet Y- xis ⇒ put x = 0 in the eu tion of t ngent yy1 b2 =1 ⇒ y =
b2 b2 ⇒ M ≡ 0, y y1 1
 b cos θ = nd sin θ = 2 x1 2 y1

cos 2θ + sin 2 θ = 1
Centre ≡ ( 0,0 )
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96
p = CL =
2 p2 b2 2
2 b2 ;  = CM = x1 y1
= 2 2 x 1
2
∴
+
+
b2 b2 y1
2
=
x12 2
+
y12 b2
 2m 2 + b 2 − e + ∴ P12 + P22 = m2 +1
=
 2 b2 + =1 p2 q 2
 2m 2 + b 2 + e m2 + 1 +
2
 2m 2 + b 2 + 2 e  2m 2 + b 2 +  2e 2 m2 + 1
m2 + 1
(x1,y1 )
2 2
x2 y2 lies on ellipse 2 + 2 = 1  b
=
2  2m 2 + 2b 2 + 2  2e 2
x1 y + 12 = 1 Hence proved. 2  b
2  2m 2 + 2  2 1 − e 2 + 2  2e 2 =
m2 + 1
2  2m 2 + 2  2 − 2  2e 2 + 2  2e 2
(
)
Q 7)
Prove th t the sum of the squ res of the perpendicul rs dr wn on ny t ngent to
the ellipse
=
m2 + 1
2 2 m 2 + 1 =
m +1
2
b + x +  y =  b , from the
point (o, e ) nd (o, − e ) is const nt. Ans.
For ellipse b 2 + x 2 +  2y 2 =  2b 2 , Equ tion of t ngent is,
2
2
2 2
2 2
(
)
= 2 2
P12 + P22 = const nt
Q 8)
P nd Q re two points on the
ellipse
y = mx +  2m 2 + b 2
Let P1 be the ⊥r dist nce between (0, e) nd t ngent, P1 = m ( 0 ) − ( e ) + 
2m 2 + b 2 m2 +1  2m 2 + b 2 − e m2 +1
x2 y2 + = 1 such th t their 25 16
eccentric ngles differ by
π . Show 2
that the locus of the oint of intersection of the tangents drawn from P and Q i
s also an ellise given by Ans.
x2 y2 + = 2. 25 16 x2 y2 + = 1 …(i) 25 16
=
Let P2 be the ⊥r distance between (0, ae) and tangent,
Equation of ellise is
∴ a 2 = 25, b 2 = 16 ⇒ a = 5, b = 4
π Let P (θ) nd Q + θ be points on 2
P2 =
m ( 0 ) + ( e ) +  2m 2 + b 2 m2 + 1  m + b + e m +1
2 2 2 2
ellipse such th t their eccentric ngle
=
differ by
π . 2
Ellise
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∴ Equation of tangent at P and Q are x cos θ y sin θ + . =1  b
π π x cos + θ y sin + θ 2 + 2 . =1 nd  b
Q-11)
Show th t the line x + 3 2y = 9 is t ngent to the ellipse
x2 y2 + =1 9 4
Ans.
Here  2 = 9, b2 = 4 Eu tion of the line x + 3 2y = 9
⇒
x cos θ y sin θ + . = 1 …(ii) 5 4 − x sin θ y cos θ + . = 1 ……(iii) 5 4
⇒ y=
c= 9
−x 3 2 =
+ 3
9 3 2
⇒ m=−
1 3 2
and
and
π π cos 2 + θ = − sin θ ;sin 2 + θ = cos θ To find the l
ocus of point of
intersection of t ngents (ii) nd (iii) we h ve to elimin te θ, ∴ Su ring nd 
dding eu tions (ii) nd (iii)
x cosθ y sin θ 2 + . 4 5 −x sinθ y cos θ + + =2 4 5
2
3 2
2
Now y = mx + c is t ngent to the ellipse if c2 =  2m2 + b2
3 9 ⇒ c = nd = 2 2
2 2
1 4 9 1  m + b = 9 − +4 = + = 2 1 2 3 2
2 2 2
2
Hence c2 = a 2m2 + b2
x 2 cos2 θ 2xy.cos θ .sin θ y 2 sin2 θ + + 25 20 16
x 2 sin 2 θ 2xy. sin θ. cos θ y 2 cos 2 θ + + =2 25 20 16 x2 y2 cos 2 θ + sin 2
θ + sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ = 2 25 16 x2 y2 ∴ + = 2 … sin2 θ + cos 2 θ = 1 25 16 +
∴ The line is t ngent to the ellipse.
Q-12)
Find k , if the line x + y + k = 0 touches the ellipse x 2 + 4y 2 = 20.
[
]
[
]
Ans.
The line x + y + k = 0
(
)
⇒ put x = − y − k in x 2 + 4y 2 = 20. ⇒ ( − y − k ) + 4y 2 = 20. ⇒ y 2 + 2ky + k
2 + 4y 2 − 20 = 0
2
This is equation of required locus.
Q 9 and Q 10 is given in notes
⇒ 5y 2 + 2ky + k 2 − 20 = 0
Since the line touch the ellise This equation has two equal roots
(
)
∴ ∆=0
( 2k )2 − 4 × 5 ( k 2 − 20 ) = 0
4k 2 − 20k 2 + 400 = 0 −16k 2 = −400 ⇒ k 2 = 25 ⇒ k = ±5
Ellipse
Mahesh Tutorials Science
98
Q 13)
Find equation of tangent to ellipse
−1 x2 + y 2 = 1 having slope is 4 2
Q 15)
Find the equation of the tangents to the ellipse
x2 y2 + = 1 making 64 36
Ans.
Equation of ellipse is
x2 y2 + =1 4 1 ⇒ a 2 = 4,b2 = 1 ⇒ a = 2,b = 1 −1 2
equal intercepts on the co ordinate axes. Ans.
x2 y2 + = 1 ⇒ a 2 = 64,b2 = 36, 64 36 Tangents making equal intercepts
slope of tangent m =
Equation of ellipse is in the form
x a
2 2
( k,0 ) & ( 0,k )
⇒ Slope =
on the co ordinate axes.
+
y
2
b2
=1
k −0 = −1 0−k
then equation of tangents is
The equation of the tangent line is
y = mx ± a 2m2 + b2
∴y = −1 −1 x ± 4 +1 2 2
2
y = mx ± a 2m2 + b2
y = − x ± 64 ( −1) + 36 y = − x ± 100
2
∴y = ∴y =
−1 x ± 1+1 2 −1 x± 2 2
y = − x ± 10
⇒ Equations of tangents be
x + y + 10 = 0 and x + y − 10 = 0
∴ 2y + x = ±2 2
Q 16) Q 14) Find equations of tangent to the
x2 y2 ellipse + = 1, parallel to 144 25
If the line y = mx + a 2m2 + b2 touches the ellipse
b2 x 2 + a 2 y 2 = a 2b2 at P ( a cos θ ,b sin θ )
x + y −3 = 0
Ans.
Sloe of the line x + y − 3 = 0 …(i) is 1 Sloe of the tangent line arallel to
(i) is 1
show that tan θ = Ans.
−b am
x2 a2
+
The equation of ellise is
y2 b2
=1
and P (a cos θ, b sin θ) is on ellipse. Eu tion of t ngent to ellipse t P is x
cos θ y sin θ + =1  b …(i)
∴ Eu tion of the t ngent line is
y = mx   2m2 + b2
m = −1,a 2 = 144,b2 = 25 y = − x ± 144 + 25 y = − x ± 169 ⇒ y = − x ± 13
− cos θ −b ∴ sloe of tangent = a = cot θ . sin θ  b But eu tion of t ngent t
P is
x + y + 13 = 0 nd x + y − 13 = 0
Ellise
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Mahesh Tutorials Science
y = mx + a 2m2 + b2 …(ii)
∴ sloe of tangent = m
Equation (i) and (ii) reresent same tangent
∴ Area of
∆ OAB= l (OA ) × l (OB ) =
square units. 1 2 1 ×4×2 = 4 2
∴ slopes are equal ∴m=
−b −am 1 cot θ ⇒ = ⇒  b t n θ
b −am
Q 18)
The line x − y − 5 = 0 touches the ellise whose foci are S ≡ (3,0 ) &
tan θ =
S ≡ (− 3,0 ) . Find the equation of the
ellise
Q 17)
A tangent having sloe
−1 to the 2
Ans.
Let the equation of the ellise be
x2 a2
+
y2 b2
ellise 3x 2 + 4y 2 = 12 interacts the x and y axes in the oint A and
B resectively. If O is the origin,
=1
…(i)
The foci of the ellise are ( ±ae,0 ) ⇒
ae = 3
…(ii)
find the area of the ∆OAB . Ans.
The equation of the ellipse is x2 y2 + = 1 ⇒ a 2 = 4, b2 = 3 …..(i) 4 3
b 2 = a 2 1 − e 2 = a 2 − a 2e 2 = a 2 − 9 Now slope of the given tangent is m =
1
(
)
−1 Given slope of the tangent is m = 2
The equation of the tangents with slope m are y = mx ± a 2m 2 + b 2
1 1 Here y = − x ± 4 − + 3 ⇒ 2 2
2
∴
a2m2 + b2 = a2 (1) + a2 − 9 = 2a2 − 9
2
(
)
But line x − y − 5 = 0 condition for tangency
c 2 = a 2m 2 + b 2 ⇒ 2a 2 = 34 ⇒ a 2 = 17
from b 2 = 17 − 9 = 8 Equation of the ellipse is x 2 y2 + =1 17 8
y=−
y=−
1 1 x ± 1+ 3 ⇒ y = − x ± 4 2 2
1 x ± 2 ⇒ 2y = −x ± 4 ⇒ 2
x + 2y = ±4
Let the tangent x + 2y = ±4 meet the x axis in A and y axis in B.
∴ x = ±4 ⇒ A = (± 4,0 ) ⇒
2y = ±4 ⇒ B = ( 0, ±2)
Ellipse
Mahesh Tutorials Science
100
Q 19)
Find the equation of tangent to the ellipse
x 2 y2 + = 1 from (3, 2). 7 4 x 2 y2 + =1 7 4
Q 20)
Show that the locus of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the ellipse b 2
x 2 + a 2y 2 = a 2b 2 to any tangent is x 2 + y 2
Ans.
The equation of ellipse is
(
)
2
= a 2 x 2 + b 2y 2 .
⇒ a 2 = 7, b 2 = 4 ⇒ a = 7 ,b = 2 Equation of ellipse is in the form x 2 y2 + =1
a 2 b2 Let equation of tangents be y = mx ± a 2m2 + b2 This passes through (3,
2) ⇒
−2 = 3m ± 7m2 + 4
Ans.
The equation of ellipse is
x 2 y2 + =1 a 2 b2
Equation of a tangent with slope m is, y = mx ± a 2m 2 + b 2 Let P (x1,y1 ) be t
he foot of the perpendicular from centre (0,0 ) on tangent.
P (x1,y1 ) lies on tangent⇒
y1 = mx1 ± a 2m 2 + b 2
⇒ − 2 − 3m = ± 7m 2 + 4
…(i)
4 + 12m + 9m 2 = 7m 2 + 4 2m 2 + 12m = 0 ∴ m 2 + 6m = 0 ∴ m (m + 6) = 0
slope of tangent = m ⇒ slope of OP = −1 m
−1 x m −1 x1 ⇒ m …(ii)
Equation of OP is y =
∴ m = 0 or m = −6
If m = 0 and line passing through (3, 2) then equation of tangent is
P (x1,y1 ) lies on OP ⇒ y1 =
m= − x1 y1
y − (−2) = −6(x − 3)
Put in (i) ⇒
y +2=0
If m = −6 and line passing through (3, 2) then equation of tangent is
−x −x y1 = 1 x1 + a 2 1 + b2 y1 y1 ⇒ y1 =
2
y − (−2) = −6(x − 3) y + 2 = −6x + 18 6x + y = 16
a 2 x12 + b2 y12 − x12 + y1 y12
⇒ y12 = − x12 + a 2 x12 + b2 y12 ⇒ x12 + y12 = a 2 x12 + b2 y12 ⇒ x12 + y12
∴ Required equations are y + 2 = 0
and 6x + y = 16
(
)
2
= a 2 x12 + b2 y12
⇒ Equation of locus of P ( x1, y1 ) is
(x
Ellipse
2
+ y2
)
2
= a 2 x 2 + b2 y 2 .
101
Mahesh Tutorials Science
Q 21)
At the point P on the circle
x 2 + y 2 = a 2 and the point Q on the
Q 24)
Find the equation of the tangents to the ellipse 2x 2 + 3y 2 = 5 which are perpe
ndicular to the line
ellipse
x2 a2
+
y2 b2
= 1 tangents drawn
3x + 2y + 7 = 0
Ans.
Equation of Ellipses,
2x 2 + 3y 2 = 5
to respective curves. If xcoordinates of P and Q are the same, Prove that two ta
ngents will intersect at the point on the x axis Ans.
Let P ≡ (a cos θ ,sin θ ) nd
Q ≡ (  cos θ ,b sin θ )
2x 2 3y 2 + =1 5 5 x 2 y2 + =1 5 5 2 3
∴ eu tion of t ngent t P to circle,
x cos θ + y sin θ =  x cos θ + y sin θ = 1  
∴  2 = 5 , b2 = 5 2 3
Slope of 3x + 2y + 7 = 0 is − 3 2
…………..(i)
∴ equation of tangent at Q to ellise.
x cos θ y sin θ + =1  b
∴ Slope of t ngents is, m = ∴ eu tion of t ngent is, y = mx   2m 2 + b 2
y=
2 3
………….. (ii)
Subtr ct Eu tion (i) nd (ii),
y sin θ y sin θ − =0 a b
1 1 y sin θ − = 0 a b
2 5 4 5 x± × + 3 2 9 3 2 10 5 x± + 3 9 3 2 10 + 15 x± 3 9
y=
y sin θ = 0 y =0 ∴ t ngents dr wn to circle t point P
nd intersects the t ngent dr wn to ellipse t point Q t point on x- xis

y=
y=
2 5 x 3 3
3y = 2x  5 2x − 3y ± 5 = 0 .. equation of tangent
Q 22 and Q 23 is given in notes
Ellise
Mahesh Tutorials Science
102
Q 25)
If P and Q are two oints on the ellise
x2 a2 + y2 b2 = 1 such that PQ
Q 26)
Find the locus of oint of intersection of the two tangents drawn from to the el
lise such that i) sum of sloes = 2 ii) cot θ1 + cot θ2 = 3 where θ1 nd
x2 2 + y2 b2 =1

p sses through centre of the ellipse. If is ny other point on the ellipse, pr

ove th t
 
( Slope of P ) × ( Slope of Q ) = Const nt
Ans. Ans.
θ2 re inclin tions of t ngents.
Eu tion of t ngent
y = mx   2m 2 + b 2
P ( x1, y1 )
∴ y1 − mx1 = ± a 2m 2 + b 2 
Squaring Let P ≡ (a cos θ , sin θ ) nd Q ≡ ( −a cos θ , −a sin θ ) Let ≡ (
cos α ,  sin α ) Slope of P = b ( sin α − sin θ )  ( cos α − cos θ ) b ( sin α
+ sin θ )  ( cos α + cos θ ) m1.m2 =
(y1 − mx1 )2 = a 2m 2 + b 2
(x
2 1
− a 2 m 2 − 2x1y1.m + y12 − b 2 = 0
)
(
)
∴ Let above quadratic equations has
roots m1 and m2 , which are sloes of tangents, m1 + m2 = 2x1y1 x12 − a 2 y12 −
b 2 x12 − a 2
Sloe of QR =
∴ Sloe of PR × Sloe of QR
= b ( sin α − sin θ )  ( cos α − cos α )  ( cos α + cos θ )  2 sin2 α − sin2
θ = 
2 2
×
b ( sin α + sin θ )
i) Sum of Slopes = 2 m1 + m2 = 2 2x1y1 x12 − a 2 =2
( (cos
α − cos
2
) θ)
)
=
2 2 b 2 1 − cos α − 1 + cos θ
(
x1y1 = x12 − a 2
a2 b2 a2
b
cos2 α − cos2 θ ×
2
∴ eu tion of locus of point is,
xy = x 2 − a 2 x 2 − xy − a 2 = 0
=
(cos
2
α − cos θ
2
)
cos2 α − cos2 θ
=−
a2
ii) If cot θ1 + cot θ2 = 3
1 1 + =3 t n θ1 t n θ2
= const nts
Ellipse
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M hesh Tutori ls Science
1 1 + =3 m1 m2
[m1 = t n θ1 nd m2 = t n θ2 ]
m1 + m2 =3 m1m2
2x1y1 x12 − a 2 y12 − b 2 x12 − a 2 2x1y1 y12 − b 2
=3
=3
2x1y1 = 3y12 − 3b 2
∴ equation of locus of Point P is,
2xy = 3y 2 − 3b 2
*****
Ellise