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MATHSJSS2

The document discusses whole numbers and decimal numbers, specifically prime numbers and factors. It provides examples of finding prime numbers, expressing numbers as products of prime factors, and calculating the least common multiple and highest common factor of groups of numbers. It also covers squares, square roots, and examples of finding the square of a number, multiplying a number by the smallest factor to make it a perfect square, and taking the square root of a perfect square.

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naeem
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91 views

MATHSJSS2

The document discusses whole numbers and decimal numbers, specifically prime numbers and factors. It provides examples of finding prime numbers, expressing numbers as products of prime factors, and calculating the least common multiple and highest common factor of groups of numbers. It also covers squares, square roots, and examples of finding the square of a number, multiplying a number by the smallest factor to make it a perfect square, and taking the square root of a perfect square.

Uploaded by

naeem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC: WHOLE NUMBERS AND DECIMAL NUMBERS

A Prime Number can be divided evenly only by 1, or itself. And it must be a whole
number greater than 1.
Example: 5 can only be divided evenly by 1 or 5, so it is a prime number.
But 6 can be divided evenly by 1, 2, 3 and 6 so it is NOT a prime number (it is a
composite number).
Here is a table of all Prime Numbers up to 200:
2

11

13

17

19 23

29

31

37

41 43 47 53 59

61 67

71

73

79 83 89 97 101 103 107 109

113 127 131 137 139 149 151 157 163 167
173 179 181 191 193 197 199
Example 1:
a. Write down all the factors of 24
b. State which of these factors are prime numbers
c. Express 24 as a product of its factors.
Solution:
a. Factors of 24 are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24.
b. Prime factors of 24 are: 2 and 3
c. 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 23 x 3
Notice that 2 x 2 x 2 = 23 is in index form.
Example 2: Express 104 as a product of its prime factors in index form.
Solution: Method 1 : divide 104 by the prime number 2,3,4,7 in turn until it will
not divide further.
2 104
2 52
2 26
13 13
1
104 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 23 x 13
Factors of 104 = 1, 2, 4, 8, 13, 26, 52 and 104.

LEAST COMMON MULTIPLES (LCM)


Example 3: find the LCM of 22, 30 and 40.
Solution:
Method 1: express each number as a product of its Prime Factors
22 = 2 x 11
30 = 2 x 3 x 5
40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5
The prime factors of 22, 30 and 40 are: 2, 3, 5 and 11. The highest power of each
prime factor must be in the LCM.
These are 23, 3, 5 and 11.
Thus, LCM = 23 x 3 x 5 x 11
= 8 x 3 x 5 x 11
= 1,320
Method 2: divide 22, 30 and 40 by prime numbers in turn until it will not divide
further
2
2
2
3
5
11

22, 30, 40
11, 15, 20
11, 15, 10
11, 15, 5
11, 5, 5
11, 1, 1
1, 1, 1
LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 11
= 23 x 3 x 5 x 11
= 8 x 3 x 5 x 11
= 1,320

HIGHEST COMMON FACTORS (HCF)


Example 4: Find the HCF of 504 and 588.
Solution: Express each number as a product of its Prime Factors
2
2
2
3
3
7

504
252
126
63
21
7
1

2
2
3
7
7

588
294
147
49
7
1

504 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 7
588 = 2 x2 x 3 x7 x 7
HCF is the product of the common Prime Factors
HCF = 2 x 2 x 3 x 7
= 84
Example 5: Find the HCF of 72, 108, 54
Solution:
2
2
2
3
3

72
36
18
9
3
1

72
108
54
HCF

2
2
3
3
3

108
54
27
9
3
1

=2x2x2x3x3
=2x2x3x3x3
=2x3x3x3
=2x3x3
=18

2
3
3
3

54
27
9
3
1

TOPIC: SQUARE AND SQUARE ROOT OF NUMBERS


Perfect Squares: A perfect square is the result got when a whole number is
multiply by itself e.g.
1x1 =1
2x2 =4
4 x 4 =16
9 x 9 = 81
1, 2, 4 and 81 are all perfect squares. They are simply called squares.
4 is a perfect square and it is square root of 16.
Example 1: Fin the square of (i) 20 and (ii) 101
Solution: (i) 20 x 20
= 400
(ii) 101 x 101 = 10,201
Example 2: Find the smaller number by which 50 will be multiplied so that the
product is a Perfect Square.
Solution:
2 50
5 25
5 5
1 50 = 2 x 52
The index of 2 here is 1. It must be eve i.e. 2 or 4 therefore; there is need for at
least one more 2 to make the index of 2 even. The least number is 2.
50 x 2 = 2 x 2 x 52
 100 = 22 x 52
The required number is 2
Example 2: Find the smaller number by which 162 will be multiplied so that the
product is a Perfect Square.
Solution:
162 = 2 x 81
=2x9x9
=2x3x3x3x3
= 2 x 34
162 x 2 = 2 x 2 x 34

324 = 22 x 43

SQUARE ROOTS OF PERFECT SQUARES


Example 5: Find the square root of 7,056
Solution:
7056 = 2 x 3528
= 2 x 2 x 1764
= 2 x 2 x 2 x 882
= 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 441
= 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 147
= 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 49
=2x2x2x2x3x3x7x7
= 22 x 22 x 33 x 77
=2x2x3x7
= 84.
Example 6: Find the square root of the following:

Solution:

a.

b.

c.

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